Abstract: Manufacture of 6-aminocapronitrile or 6-aminocapronitrile/hexamethylene diamine mixtures, involving a) the reaction of at least one pentennitrile, selected from the group consisting of 2,3 and 4-pentennitrile with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts, which contain at least one element of the eighth subgroup as active components, obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), b) the optional separation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the catalyst from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (II), c) the separation of 5-formyl valeronitrile from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I) or (II), d) the reaction of separated 5-formyl valeronitrile with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenating catalysts, selected from the group consisting of rhenium, copper and its compounds as well as metals and metallic compounds of the eighth group, obtaining a hydrogenation discharge, and e) obtaining 6-aminocapronitrile and if ne

Abstract: The present invention provides dyes of formula I-XXXIV, described in detail below, and dichroic light polarizers based on the dyes. In the dichroic light polarizers of this invention the dye molecules are aggregated into particles oriented in a predetermined direction on a surface of a substrate to enable the dye to polarize light transmitted through the dye. In another embodiment, a dichroic light polarizer includes a molecularly oriented layer of an organic dye on a surface of a substrate. The layer has a non-periodic arrangement of different polarizing elements. Each of the polarizing elements have differing orientations of the polarization vector in the substrate plane and/or differing colors. The dichroic light polarizer may contain one or more additional dye layers and may have a transparent layer intermediate to the dye layer.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing and isolating an oxidation product is disclosed wherein nitric acid is reacted with an oxidizable reactant and the desired oxidized product is extracted using an organic solvent such as a dialkyl ether. The method permits the direct crystallization of aldaric acids such as glucaric acid and mannaric acid and eliminates the necessity of employing complicated, time consuming and wasteful neutralization/acidification steps.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel process for preparing racemic phenethylamines of formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the meanings given in the description. According to this process: a) in a first step, optically active phenethylamines of formula (I*) ##STR2## are reacted with acetophenone derivatives of formula (II), ##STR3## the optically active phenethylamine used and the acetophenone derivative used each being substituted in an identical manner in the phenyl part, optionally in the presence of a diluting agent and optionally in the presence of a catalyst; b) in a second step, the resultant optically active Schiff bases of formula (III*) ##STR4## are reacted with metallic hydroxides containing between 0.1 and 50 wt. % water; and c) in a third step, the resultant racemic Schiff bases are reacted with acids in the presence of water.

Abstract: A catalyst useful in the manufacture of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by the catalytic reaction in the vapor phase of a paraffin selected from propane and isobutane with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the reactants in a reaction zone with a catalyst, the feed composition having a mole ratio of the paraffin to ammonia in the range of about 1.0 to 10 and a mole ratio of paraffin to oxygen in the range of about 1.0 to 10, wherein said catalyst has the elements in the proportions indicated by the empirical formula:MO.sub.a V.sub.b Sb.sub.c Ga.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.xwhereX is one or more of As, Te, Se, Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, B, In, Ce, Re, Ir, Ge, Sn, Bi, Y, Pr, an alkali metal, and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Nb, Ce, Fe, Ge, Sn, In, As, Se, and B, especially preferred being Nb,a equals 1,b equals 0.0 to 0.99, preferably 0.1 to 0.5,c equals 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.05 to 0.5,d equals 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.01 to 0.4,e equals 0.0 to 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making certain acetonitriles.

Abstract: In producing maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of n-butane in vapor phase using oxygen or enriched air as oxidation medium, the reaction mixture consists of butane, oxygen and a recycling exhaust gas recovered from the absorption stage by a solvent of the maleic anhydride produced in the reaction. In the instant process the carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide concentration in the reactor mixture are held to on optimum level by performing the reaction on a suitable V.P.O. catalyst, and by feeding to the recycling gases, in addition to butane and oxygen, a carbon dioxide rich gas stream.The carbon dioxide rich gas stream can be produced either by selective absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases or by selective separation on membranes of a carbon dioxide rich stream from the purge gas stream, or by selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide of a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a niobium(Nb)-containing aqueous solution for use in producing a Nb-containing oxide catalyst, wherein the oxide catalyst comprises an oxide of a plurality of active component elements including Nb and is for use in a catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase, and wherein the oxide catalyst is prepared by a process comprising mixing the Nb-containing aqueous solution with (an) aqueous mixture(s) containing compounds of active component elements of the oxide catalyst other than Nb, to thereby provide an aqueous compound mixture, and drying the aqueous compound mixture, followed by calcination. The Nb-containing aqueous solution comprises water having dissolved therein a dicarboxylic acid, an Nb compound and optionally ammonia, wherein the dicarboxylic acid/Nb molar ratio (.alpha.) satisfies: 1.ltoreq.(.alpha.).ltoreq.4, and the ammonia/Nb molar ratio (.beta.) satisfies: 0.ltoreq.(.beta.).ltoreq.2.

Abstract: This invention provides a serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor partial activator which has a serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor activating action, in addition to its serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor antagonism, and does not cause constipation as a side effect. Particularly, based on the finding that newly synthesized benzoxazole derivatives typified by the compounds of the following formula (2) have strong serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor antagonism and serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor activating action, this invention provides these benzoxazole derivatives as serotonin 5-HT.sub.3 receptor partial activators. ##STR1## In the above formula, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 may be the same or different from one another and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, or two groups of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be linked together to form a ring structure, namely benzene ring; R.sub.

Abstract: A nuclear halogenated aromatic compound possessing cyano groups is produced by a method using as a raw material an aromatic compound which possesses cyano groups and assumes a solid state at room temperature and subjecting the raw material to a procedure comprising a step of melting and transporting the compound by a means transport-melting, a step of vaporizing the compound, a step of mixing the compound with a halogen gas, and a step of causing the vapor of the compound to react with the halogen gas in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst sequentially in the order mentioned, which comprises maintaining a content of a self-condensate of the aromatic compound possessing cyano groups which arise during the melting of the aromatic compound possessing cyano groups in a gas of the compound which reacts with the halogen gas to a level of not more than 2.5 mol % based on the compound.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing enantiomer-enriched cyanohydrins where citric acid and/or boric acid or boric anhydride is added as a stabilizer to the cyanohydrin to be stabilized.

Abstract: A class of substituted azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives are selective agonists of 5-HT.sub.1 -like receptors, being potent agonists of the human 5-HT.sub.1D.alpha. receptor subtype whilst possessing at least a 10-fold selective affinity for the 5-HT.sub.1D.alpha. receptor subtype relative to the 5-HT.sub.1D.beta. subtype; they are therefore useful in the treatment and/or prevention of clinical conditions, in particular migraine and associated disorders, for which a subtype-selective agonist of 5-HT.sub.1D receptors is indicated, whilst eliciting fewer side-effects, notably adverse cardiovascular events, than those associated with non-subtype-selective 5-HT.sub.1D receptor agonists.

Abstract: Improved liquid phase process useful in the hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds to produce nonconjugated acyclic nitrites and to the liquid phase process of isomerization of the nitriles to, among other things, 3- and/or 4-monoalkene linear nitrites. The improvement involves conducting the process in the presence of zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorinated benzonitrile comprising hydrogenolyzing a fluorinated dicyanobenzene substituted with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms and having the remainder which may be substituted with a chlorine atom in the presence of a catalyst to cause hydrodecyanation of only the cyano group of one side and a process for producing a fluorinated benzyl alcohol comprising reducing the fluorinated benzonitrile and hydrolyzing the fluorinated benzonitrile and reducing the resultant corresponding fluorinated benzoic acid to convert the cyano group to a hydroxymethyl group.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of malononitrile which involves subjecting a (2-cyano-N-alkoxy)acetimidoyl halide to a high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds that are antagonists of dopamine D4 receptors, and to methods of treating psychosis and schizophrenia using a compound that is an antagonist of dopamine D4 receptors.

Abstract: This invention relates to substituted heterocyclic benzocycloalkenes of general formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to a method of producing them and to their use as analgesics.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing an unsaturated nitrile such as acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by ammoxidation of an organic compound such as propylene, isobutene or tertiary butanol. The process comprises carrying out the ammoxidation such that the organic acid/unreacted ammonia ratio in an ammoxidation product gas is controlled to remain within the range from 0.8 to 3.0 inclusive in a reactor, introducing the ammoxidation product gas into a quench tower, and reacting in the tower the unreacted ammonia with the organic acid produced in a reactor, to fix the unreacted ammonia as an ammonium salt of the organic acid.

Abstract: Sulfonamide-substituted benzopyran derivatives, processes for their preparation, their use as a medicament, and pharmaceutical preparations comprising them Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## having the meanings of the substituents indicated in the claims are outstandingly active substances for the production of medicaments for the prophylaxis and for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders, in particular arrhythmias, for the treatment of ulcers of the gastrointestinal region or for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an optical active alkoxybenzonitrile derivative in which process a benzonitrile derivative is subjected to condensation reaction with an optical active alcohol.A process is also disclosed for producing an optical active alkoxy benzoic acid derivative in which process a benzonitrile derivative is subjected to condensation reaction with an optical active alcohol and the reaction product thus derived is hydrolyzed.In these processes conversion of an optical active alcohol to tosylate or halide is not required and thus it is possible to produces producing an optical active alkoxybenzonitrile derivative and an optical active alkoxy benzoic acid derivative in a simple and inexpensive manner.