Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a high-quality aliphatic nitrile in a high yield at a low cost without the dissolution of a catalyst in the product, which comprises reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester thereof or a fatty acid glyceride with ammonia in the presence of a solid catalyst which exhibits a high activity even at a reaction temperature of as low as 300.degree. C. or below and is difficultly soluble in the reaction fluid; and a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenating the aliphatic nitrile prepared by the above process. Namely, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an aliphatic nitrile by reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester thereof or a fatty acid glyceride with ammonia in the presence of a composite oxide catalyst comprising titanium oxide as the main component; and a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenating the aliphatic nitrile prepared by the above process.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing acrylonitrile comprising reacting propylene, ammonia and oxygen in a reactor zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile, transferring the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile to a quench column wherein the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile is contacted with an aqueous stream to cool the reactor effluent, transferring the cooled reactor effluent containing the crude acrylonitrile to an absorption column wherein the reactor effluent containing crude acrylonitrile is contacted with a second aqueous stream to separate and remove the crude acrylonitrile as a bottom stream from the absorption column, transferring the bottom stream containing the crude acrylonitrile to a recovery and purification section where the acrylonitrile is recovered and purified, wherein the improvement comprises supplying the second aqueous stream to the absorption column by means of liquid spray nozzles.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-cyanobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or hydrogen atom, from a phenylmagnesium chloride compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above. According to the process, a 2-cyanobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (II) can be economically, simply, industrially and advantageously prepared.

Abstract: Benzyl-phosphonate compounds represented by the formula I: ##STR1## are disclosed as useful in treating bone wasting diseases and as an immunosuppresant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, trifluoromethyl or lower alkyl;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or amino; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.2 taken together are --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--;Z is pyrimidin-4-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-2-yl or phenyl;R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, lower alkoxy, nitrilo, amino, lower alkyl-amino, di-lower alkyl-amino, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, vinyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkenyl, t-buthylethinyl, hydroxyalkylethinyl, phenylethinyl, naphthyl, thiophenyl, or phenyl, which may be substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl or nitro, or a group --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, --N(CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.n NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n -morpholin-4-yl or --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n OH;n is 2-4R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of (meth)acrylonitriles following ammoxidation process comprising catalytically oxidizing at least one saturated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane and isobutane with a mixed gas containing molecular oxygen and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, is provided, the process being characterized by the use of a catalyst composed of complex oxide which is expressed by the general formula (I) below:Mo.alpha.Sb.beta.W.gamma.Ox (I)(in which .alpha., .beta. and .gamma. denote the number of atoms of Mo, Sb and W, respectively, and when .alpha. is 1, .beta. is 0.5-10 and .gamma. is 0.5-10; and x is a value determined by valence of the existing elements)as supported on a refractory inorganic carrier.According to this process, the object nitrites can be prepared at high yields with industrial advantages.

Abstract: An improved process for production of diisopropyl ether by conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock containing propene, propane and C.sub.2 -- light gas components. The overall process steps include, (optionally) prefractionating fresh feedstock containing propene, propane and C.sub.2 -- light gas components to provide a reactor feedstream rich in propene; contacting the feedstock and water in a catalytic reactor with acidic catalyst under olefin hydration and etherification conditions; and recovering from the catalytic reactor a liquid reactor effluent stream containing diisopropyl ether, isopropanol, water, unreacted propene, propane, oligomer and C.sub.2 -- light gas components. DIPE product containing C.sub.6 + oligomer is recovered by separating the liquid effluent stream in a stripper column, and extracting the DIPE-rich liquid with water. An improved separation process is employed for removing water to provide DIPE liquid product substantially free of water.

Abstract: Process for producing 6-aminocapronitrile and/or hexamethylenediamine by hydroformylating 3-pentenenitrile, isolating a formylvaleronitrile (FVN) mixture from the hydroformylation reaction product, reductively aminating the FVN mixture and isolating the desired product.

Abstract: A process for selectively hydrogenating a dinitrile to an aminonitrile is provided. The process comprises contacting a dinitrile with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a solvent comprising an alcohol or liquid ammonia, at least one metal catalyst, and a carbonyl group-containing additive such as, for example, organic amides, organic esters, salts of carboxylic acids or urea.

Abstract: A process for producing diaryl carbonate which comprises (A) a step for producing dialkyl carbonate represented by the general formula RO--CO--OR by reacting urea with alkyl alcohol represented by the general formula ROH, (B) a step for producing both alkyl aryl carbonate represented by the general formula RO--CO--OAr and diaryl carbonate represented by the general formula ArO--CO--OAr by reacting dialkyl carbonate produced in the above step (A) with an aromatic hydroxy compound represented by the general formula ArOH, and (C) a step for producing diaryl carbonate represented by the general formula ArO--CO--OAr by allowing to conduct disproportionation reaction of unreacted alkyl aryl carbonate produced in the above step (B), wherein R shows an alkyl group and Ar shows a non-substituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group or halogen.

Abstract: Improved liquid phase process useful in the hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds to produce nonconjugated acyclic nitrites and to the liquid phase process of isomerization of the nitrites to, among other things, 3- and/or 4-monoalkene linear nitrites. The improvement involves conducting the process in the presence of zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand. Novel multidentate phosphite ligands and catalyst precursor compositions made therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing an aromatic compound having the general formula ##STR1## where R is CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, OC.sub.2 F.sub.5, CN, NCO, or COCl, m is 0, 1, or 2, n is 0, 1, or 2, q is 1 or 2, and q+m+n is an integer from 1 to 5. A vapor is prepared of a substrate having the general formula ##STR2## and a chlorinating agent. The mixture is reacted at a temperature above the boiling point of the substrate but below its decomposition temperature. The amount of chlorinating agent is about 0.5 to about 2 times the amount stoichiometrically required to replace the nitro groups on the substrate with chlorine. Unreacted substrate and partially reacted substrate are condensed from the product mixture and are recycled. The substrate is preferably in contact with the chlorinating agent before it is vaporized.

Abstract: 4,4'-Dimethyl-6,6'-dichlorothioindigo is obtained in the stable crystal modification I, distinguished by the fraction angles (2 theta):lines of high intensity: 25.99; 27.26lines of moderate intensity: 10.27; 12.48; 22.39; 23.91; 24.82; 28.87,by oxidizing 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-chlorothionaphthene having a mean particle size of at most 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: A method for recovering acrylonitrile contained in a gas, which comprises contacting a gas containing acrylonitrile with water to let the acrylonitrile be absorbed in water, wherein the acrylonitrile is absorbed in water in the presence of a substance having a relative volatility to water at 70.degree. C. of smaller than 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing an acid halide, anhydride, or ester impurity from a mixture with a desired product with which it codistills. At least about a stoichiometric amount of a primary or secondary amine having a boiling point at least 10.degree. C. higher or lower than the boiling point of said desired product is added to the mixture. The desired product is not an acid halide, anhydride, or ester and does not react with the amine. The amine forms a reaction product with the impurity that has a boiling point at least 10.degree. C. higher or lower than the boiling point of the desired product. The mixture is distilled to isolate the desired product.

Abstract: Process for producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutane by ammoxidation at a temperature in the range of from 380 to 500.degree. C. in a fluidized-bed reactor containing a catalyst composition preheated to a temperature of not lower than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel routes for the preparation of acetonylbenzamides are provided by the reaction of an amine and acyl chloride. Novel routes to various intermediates used in the manufacture of acetonylbenzamides are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for purifying a nitrile which comprises contacting a nitrile containing an aldehyde with a cation exchange resin carrying a polyamine to remove the aldehyde from the nitrile. The ion exchange resin can be regenerated and reused repeatedly.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing an N-biphenyl-methylthiadiazoline derivative (7) in accordance with the reaction formula described below. According to the process of the present invention, it is possible to produce a compound (7) advantageously from the industrial viewpoint.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions on halobenzenes or triflyl substituted benzenes are carried out in the presence of catalysts. In particular the present invention provides a process leading to optionally substituted hydroxybenzoic, alkanoyloxybenzoic, formyloxybenzoic and alkoxybenzoic acids and optionally substituted hydroxybenzonitriles and alkoxybenzonitriles from substituted 2,6-dihalobenzenes, 2-halo-6-triflylbenzene and 2,6-ditriflylbenzenes.