Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the resolution of esters of arylalkylcarboxylic acids of the general formula which comprises reacting compounds of the general formula I with an alcohol of the general formula R6—OH in the presence of a lipase or esterase to give compounds of the general formulae Ia and II at least one of the compounds of the formulae Ia and II being present in an enantiomeric excess and the substituents and variables in the formulae I, Ia and II are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclyl-substituted phenyl compounds of the formula I, where the substituents have the following meanings: Y is halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl or C1-C4-alkoxy; n is 0, 1 or 2, where the radicals Y may be different if n=2; E is a group A or B,  where # denotes the bond to the phenyl ring, and G R&agr;, R&bgr;, Y, n, T and Z are each as defined in the description.

Abstract: A loaded ion-exchange resin, which resin has been loaded in its shrunken form. Also a process for removing iodide compounds from a liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride obtained from the Group VIII noble metal catalysed, alkyl iodide co-catalysed carbonylation of alcohols and/or their reactive derivatives which process comprises contacting the liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride with a metal loaded ion-exchange resin as described above wherein the metal is one or more of the metals silver, palladium or mercury.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for preparing mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles having nonconjugated C═C— and C≡N bonding by catalytic hydrocyanation of a hydrocarbon mixture containing 1,3-butadiene, by first diminishing the proportion of those components in the hydrocarbon mixture which impair the catalytic hydrocyanation and then subjecting the resulting mixture to catalytic hydrocyanation.

Abstract: With the present method, a process which can be employed industrially can be used for the first time for the direct production of aminocyanoacetamide. The method is based on the reaction of cyanoacetamide with nitrites to form nitrosocyanoacetamide at a pH of around 2 and on the subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of nitrosocyanoacetamide to form aminocyanoacetamide.

Abstract: Use of 4,4-diarylbutadienes of the formula I, where the variables have the meanings explained in the description, as water-soluble photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human skin or human hair from the sun's rays, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation and recovery of cyclopropylacetonitrile by a novel combination of process steps beginning with a mixture of cyclopropylmethyl halide, a cyclobutyl halide and a 4-halo-1-butene. The process permits the recovery of substantially pure cyclopropylacetonitrile and cyclobutyl halide, e.g., cyclopropylacetonitrile and cyclobutyl halide each having a purity greater than about 95%.

Abstract: An industrially advantageous process for producing cyanobenzyl compounds under mild conditions from relatively easily available cyanobenzylamine having a cyano group on the benzene ring or a compound thereof which is ring-substituted with a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, etc. The process for producing a cyanobenzyl compound includes transforming an aminomethyl group of a cyanobenzylamine compound into a hydroxymethyl group, a halogenomethyl group, or an acyloxymethyl group without causing damage to a cyano group on the benzene ring. The transformation may be carried out by use of nitrosonium ions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing acetals, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (I), at least one compound selected from a group consisting of a compound of formula (II), paraformaldehyde, and trioxane; and a compound of formula (III), to synthesize an acetal of formula (IV), wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of an oxidizing agent and an acid:  wherein R1 is an alkyl group etc., R2 is an alkyl or aryl group, R3 and R4 each independently are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, X1 and X2 each are a group of nonmetal atoms necessary to form a 5- or 6-membered N-containing heteroring, and M is a hydrogen atom or a cation. This method can give acetal compounds with good efficiency and a high yield.

Abstract: Epoxides of formula having a cyclanic (1R) configuration, the group in position 2 being in a trans configuration and the epoxy group being in a cis configuration with respect to that in position 1 of the ring, and in which R represents a lower alkyl group and R1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, are useful molecules for the preparation of very prized perfuming ingredients. A process for the preparation of the epoxides (I) is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for producing thereof hydroxyarenes of the general formula (I) in which n represents the numbers 1, 2, 3 or 4, R represents cyano, carboxyl, formyl, nitro, halogen or represents alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl, each of which is optionally substituted, and Z represents hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, or represents monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl, heterocyclylamino or heterocyclylimino, each of which is optionally substituted, characterized in that halogenoarenes of the general formula (II) in which n, R and Z are each as defined above and X represents halogen are reacted with 3-hydroxy-propionitrile of the formula (III), HO—CH2CH2—CN  (III), if appropriate in the presence of a reaction auxiliary and if appropriate in the presence of a diluent, at temperatures between 0° C. and 100° C.

Abstract: A process for hydrocyanation of an aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated compound, in which the ethylenic double bond is not conjugated to any other unsaturated group in the molecule, or a monoethylenically unsaturated compound in which the ethylenic double bond is conjugated to an ester group, which process uses a catalyst composition comprising a zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand in the presence of a Lewis acid promoter.

Abstract: Improved liquid phase process useful in the hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds to produce nonconjugated acyclic nitriles and to the liquid phase process of isomerization of the nitriles to, among other things, 3- and/or 4-monoalkene linear nitriles. The improvement involves conducting the process in the presence of zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand.

Abstract: A process for distillative removal of 6-aminocapronitrile from mixtures (I) comprising 6-aminocapronitrile and an imine (II) comprises performing the distillation in a distillation column using an average mean residence time for the distillation mixture of at least 5 minutes on at least one level of the distillation column.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,4-dimethylpyrrole is described in which a 2,4-dimethyl-3,5-bisalkoxycarbonylpyrrole is refluxed with from 10 to 30% strength aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution until the solid has passed into solution, the reaction mixture is neutralized with acid and the mixture is refluxed further until decarboxylation is complete. The process makes it possible to work under significantly milder, less aggressive conditions than are known from the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid by reacting propane with ammonia and oxygen in the gas phase catalytic oxidation in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst containing vanadium and at least one member selected from tellurium, antimony and molybdenum and adjusting the molar ratio of propane to ammonia to from 2 to 10 and the molar ratio of oxygen to ammonia to from 2 to 10.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing compound containing fluorine, particularly fluorobenzaldehyde and fluorobenzonitrle, by a halogen exchange reaction with a compound of the formula I as fluorinating agent, defined in the specification, and a quatenary aminophosphonium compound of the formula III as catalyst, as defined in the specification, and in a solvent consisting of a nitro and/or sulfoxy substituted organic compound of the formula IVa and/or IVb, as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic nitriles from corresponding chloroaromatics by reaction with cyanides.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by the catalytic reaction in the vapor phase of a paraffin selected from propane and isobutane with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the reactants in a reaction zone with a catalyst, the feed composition having a mole ratio of the paraffin to ammonia in the range of from about 2.5 to 16 and a mole ratio of paraffin to oxygen in the range of from about 1.0 to 10, wherein said catalyst has the elements in the proportions indicated by the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.b Q.sub.q R.sub.r O.sub.xwhereA is one or more of Ti, Sn, Fe, Cr and Ga;D is one or more of Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge, Zr, Cu, Ta, Bi, Ce, In, B and Mn;Q is one or more of Mo, W, and Nb;R is one or more of As, Te, and Se;m equals 0.8 to 4;a equals 0.01 to 2;d is 0 to 2;0.ltoreq.q<0.01; preferably 0<q<0.01, especially 0<q<0.005q+r are greater than 0;x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present.

Abstract: Cyclic N-halamine biocidal monomers and polymers and methods of using the same as biocides, wherein the functional group, halogenated oxazolidinones, may be homo- and copolymerized, are provided. The copolymerizations are effected with inexpensive monomers such as acrylonitrile, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and the like. Grafting reactions were also accomplished with the N-halamine monomers and commercial polymers such as poly-acrylonitrile, poly-styrene, poly-vinyl acetate, poly-vinyl alcohol, poly-vinyl chloride, and cellulose. These N-halamine compounds are stable biocides which release small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They will be useful as disinfectants for swimming pools, oil and water based paints, preservatives, medical and dental coatings, industrial and commercial coatings, fabrics, sterile bandages, liners of containers, and the like.