Abstract: A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is reacted in the absence of added hydrogen for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a dealkylated BTX+ stream. In addition, a naphtha reformer is integrated, so that the dealkylated BTX+ stream and a reformate stream are separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the ring opening step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is reacted in the absence of added hydrogen for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a dealkylated BTX+ stream. The dealkylated BTX+ stream is separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the ring opening step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Process for the production of C6-C7 aromatic compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock of naphtha type comprising the following stages: a) the said feedstock (1) is sent into a first fractionation unit (2) in order to obtain an upper stream (3) comprising C6 and C7 hydrocarbon compounds and a lower stream (4) comprising C8 to C10 hydrocarbon compounds; b) the upper stream (3) and a stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds obtained on conclusion of stage e) are sent into a unit for extraction of the aromatics (5) in order to obtain an aromatic base (6) and a liquid effluent (7); c) the liquid effluent (7) is sent into a first catalytic reforming unit (8) in order to obtain a first reformate effluent (9); d) the said first reformate effluent (9) is sent into a reformate separation section (10) in order to obtain a first stream (11) comprising C5 hydrocarbon compounds and a second stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds; e) the second stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds is re

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a heavy oil may be upgraded by a process that may include removing at least a portion of metals from the heavy oil in a hydrodemetalization reaction zone to form a hydrodemetalization reaction effluent, removing at least a portion of metals and at least a portion of nitrogen from the hydrodemetalization reaction effluent in a transition reaction zone to form a transition reaction effluent, removing at least a portion of nitrogen from the transition reaction effluent in a hydrodenitrogenation reaction zone to form a hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent, and reducing aromatics content in the hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent in a hydrocracking reaction zone by contacting the hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent to form an upgraded fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a demulsification additive composition for demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion caused due to wash water in the crude oil, wherein the composition comprises: (a) one or more demulsifiers (the component (a)); and (b) a compound selected from the group comprising glyoxal, neutralized glyoxal, glyoxal derivative and a mixture thereof (the component (b)), and (c) further comprises phosphoric acid (the component (c)). The present invention also relates to a method of using the present demulsification additive composition for demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion caused due to wash water in the crude oil. The present invention also relates to a method for demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion caused due to wash water in the crude oil by employing the present demulsification additive composition.

Abstract: Low sulfur gasoline blend stock is produced by a hydrodesulfurization process including at least two hydrodesulfurization reactors with hydrogen feeds and two finishing reactors arranged where the first polishing reactor converts both thiophenic compounds and mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and the second polishing reactor uses a catalyst that has much less thiophenic conversion activity but is operated at a higher temperature to more substantially reduce the sulfur content of the gasoline present in the form of mercaptans. As the conversion of thiophenes to hydrogen sulfide is correlated to reducing octane number, using a second polishing reactor that has little activity for thiophene conversion also protects the high-octane species in the gasoline thereby minimizing octane loss while reducing total sulfur content to acceptable levels. The sulfur left in the gasoline is biased toward higher thiophene content and away from mercaptan content.

Abstract: A paraffin control unit with staged high voltage temperature controlled electric immersion heaters to maintain the paraffin component of the crude oil in the liquid phase. The paraffin control unit removes large volumes of naturally occurring fine sand from the incoming liquids while also removing the crude oil from the influent fluid stream, the natural gas from the influent fluid stream, salt water from the influent fluid stream, all while maintaining the temperature of the crude oil fraction above the cloud point of its paraffin constituent. The removed sand is collected in sand pans and is automatically removed at timed intervals. The automation assures that the accumulating sand is removed from the sand pans as rapidly as it accumulates, thus preventing an over-accumulation of sand. The process fluids flow through a coalescer and a baffle assembly which purify and separate the component phases suitable for custody transfer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube including an inner surface and an outer surface. The heat transfer tube further includes a first mixing element and a second mixing element disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube. Adjacent mixing elements are separated by a gap arc distance of about 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) or greater. The first helical row has an angle (?) from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube. The tube has an inner diameter of about 1.85 inches (4.7 cm) or less.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method to prevent the emission of hydrogen sulphide in the production of hot bitumen or asphalt having a temperature of between 150 and 200° C., wherein the method comprises the steps of providing a bituminous or asphalt mixture, heating the mixture until a temperature of between 150-200° C. and adding an aqueous calcium nitrate solution or a calcium nitrate powder while mixing the bituminous or asphalt mixture. The present application furthermore relates to the use of an aqueous calcium nitrate solution or a calcium nitrate powder during mixing of a bituminous or asphalt mixture in the production of a hot bitumen or asphalt having a temperature of between 150 and 200° C. to prevent the emission of hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a feedstock injector (2?) for injecting an atomized hydrocarbon feedstock into a tubular-type reactor with substantially upward or downward flow that is intended to be used in a fluid catalytic cracking unit, having: at least one hollow cylindrical body (41); at least a first and a second inlet openings (40, 42) for respectively injecting a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be cracked and an atomizing gas into said cylindrical body (41); at least one contact chamber (46) arranged inside said hollow cylindrical body, in which said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be cracked and said atomizing gas are intended to be brought into contact in order to atomize said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be cracked; and at least one outlet opening (44) that opens on the inside of said reactor in order to eject said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock thus atomized. According to the invention, each element of the injector (2?) is formed of a ceramic material.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing elemental sulfur from a hydrocarbon fluid using an adsorbent.

Abstract: A stripper off gas stream from a low pressure hydroprocessing unit may be routed to a hydrogen recovery unit to recover hydrogen. The stripper off gas stream may be scrubbed of acid gases and then compressed to hydrogen recovery pressure before it is subjected to hydrogen recovery such as in a pressure swing adsorption unit to recover high purity hydrogen.

Abstract: A simultaneous reaction system and method for organic material pyrolysis and combustion. The system comprises a time sharing reactor for pyrolysis and combustion, a feeder, a recovery apparatus for pyrolysis volatility products and a flue gas purifier. The whole process mainly consists of two time sharing stages of pyrolysis and combustion. The system has the advantages of cascade utilization of energy, short time of pyrolysis reaction and high efficiency of heat transfer.

Abstract: A system and methods for manufacturing a base oil stock from a light hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking a light hydrocarbon stream to form an impure olefinic stream, separating water from the impure olefinic stream, and oligomerizing the impure olefinic stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream from the raw oligomer stream and linear alpha olefins are recovered from the light olefinic stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. They hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base oil stock.

Abstract: Partial upgrading processes can include thermal treatment combined with solvent deasphalting, and recycling of certain streams, to process bitumen feedstocks and produce a bitumen product. The thermal treatment can be done so that the feedstock is in liquid phase at conditions below incipient coking conditions. Solvent deasphalting can be done before or after thermal treatment depending on the configuration of the process. Subjecting the bitumen feedstock to a partial upgrading can facilitate viscosity reduction of the bitumen feedstock and can facilitate avoiding the need for the addition of an external source of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon stream that feeds a cold stripped stream and a hot stripped stream to a prefractionator from which a prefractionated overhead stream and a prefractionated bottoms stream are passed to a product fractionation column. The product fractionation column may produce three products, light naphtha, heavy naphtha and distillate omitting the need for a naphtha splitter column. Data may be received from a stream in fluid communication with the foregoing process and apparatus.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a heavy oil may be processed by a method that may include upgrading at least a portion of the heavy oil to form an upgraded oil, where the upgrading includes contacting the heavy oil with a hydrodemetalization catalyst, a transition catalyst, a hydrodenitrogenation catalyst, and a hydrocracking catalyst to remove at least a portion of metals, nitrogen, or aromatics content from the heavy oil and form the upgraded oil. The method may further include passing at least a portion of the upgraded oil to a refinery operation.

Abstract: A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is selectively hydrocracked for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a selectively hydrocracked BTX+ stream. The selectively hydrocracked BTX+ stream is separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the selective hydrocracking step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Low sulfur gasoline blend stock is produced by a hydrodesulfurization process including at least two hydrodesulfurization reactors with hydrogen feeds and two finishing reactors arranged where the first polishing reactor converts both thiophenic compounds and mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and the second polishing reactor uses a catalyst that has much less thiophenic conversion activity but is operated at a higher temperature to more substantially reduce the sulfur content of the gasoline present in the form of mercaptans. As the conversion of thiophenes to hydrogen sulfide is correlated to reducing octane number, using a second polishing reactor that has little activity for thiophene conversion also protects the high-octane species in the gasoline thereby minimizing octane loss while reducing total sulfur content to acceptable levels. The sulfur left in the gasoline is biased toward higher thiophene content and away from mercaptan content.

Abstract: A method and a system for purification of contaminated oil. Said method comprises the steps of: —providing contaminated oil and a separation aid in a tank (3); —waiting for allowing a sludge phase comprising the separation aid together with impurities from the oil to settle in a bottom part (4) of the tank (3); —reusing the sludge phase for purification of new contaminated oil.