Abstract: Equipment for producing ethylene and/or acetylene from hydrocarbons, including the reaction chamber (13), burner (11), common or separate fuel gas inlets (12) and oxygen inlets (18), preheating tubes (14), a gas distributor (15), cracking gas inlets (16), and a reaction product outlet (17); the gas distributor (15), which has multiple gas inlets and gas outlets, is arranged on the cross section of the reaction chamber (13), where the gas inlet is connected to the cracking gas inlet (16), and the gas outlet is connected to the preheating tube (14). The cracking gas is uniformly distributed through the gas distributor (15) and passed through the preheating tubes (14), which are hollow tubes; the opening at the other end of the hollow tube is close to or inserted into the combustion area of the gaseous fuel and oxygen.

Abstract: This development proposed adding a catalyst to an oxygen stripper. The oxygen stripper would be run at a temperature just below or at coking temp. The oxygen stripper includes a catalyst containing Group VI or VII metals to remove free radicals. Most preferably, the catalyst is a nickel-molybdenum catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking.

Abstract: An integrated hydrothermal process for upgrading heavy oil includes the steps of mixing a heated water stream and a heated feed in a mixer to produce a mixed fluid, introducing the mixed stream to a reactor unit to produce a reactor effluent that includes light fractions, heavy fractions, and water, cooling the reactor effluent in a cooling device to produce a cooled fluid, depressurizing the cooled fluid in a depressurizing device to produce a depressurized fluid, introducing the depressurized fluid to a flash drum configured to separate the depressurized fluid into a light fraction stream and a heavy fraction stream. The light fraction stream includes the light fractions and water and the heavy fraction stream includes the heavy fractions and water. The process further includes the step of introducing the heavy fraction stream to an aqueous reforming unit that includes a catalyst to produce an aqueous reforming outlet.

Abstract: A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a system and method for producing light olefins from a crude oil. A crude oil feed is introduced to a crude distillation unit to produce a distillate fraction and a residue fraction. The distillate fraction is introduced to a non-catalytic steam cracker to produce a light olefin fraction and a pyrolysis oil fraction. The residue fraction is introduced to a supercritical water reactor to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream is introduced to a flash separator to produce a gas phase fraction and a liquid phase fraction. The gas phase fraction is introduced to a catalytic steam cracker to produce a light olefin fraction and a pyrolysis oil fraction. Optionally, the residue fraction is introduced to a vacuum distillation unit to produce a light vacuum gasoil fraction, a heavy vacuum gasoil fraction, and a vacuum residue fraction. The vacuum residue fraction is introduced to a solvent deasphalting unit to produce a deasphalted oil and a pitch fraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing a fraction of at least 50% with a boiling point of at least 300° C., and containing sulfur, Conradson carbon, metals, and nitrogen, comprising at least two successive hydroconversion steps, which may be separated by an intermediate separation step, and at least one step of deasphalting a heavy fraction of the effluent resulting from the hydroconversion, with recycling at least one portion of the deasphalted oil (DAO) during the hydroconversion, downstream of the first hydroconversion step. The DAO is either recycled at the outlet thereof from the deasphalter, or after having undergone a fractionation step that produces a heavy fraction of the DAO that then constitutes the portion of the DAO that is recycled. This process makes it possible to simultaneously improve the degree of conversion and the stability of the liquid effluents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the physical separation of solids and asphaltenes with a conversion degree higher than or equal to 90%, present in refinery purge streams. Said method provides for heating a refinery purge stream to a temperature higher than or equal to 185° C. and not exceeding 220° C. and, subsequently, subjecting said heated purge to sedimentation by progressively lowering the temperature in a controlled manner to a minimum temperature of 100° C., without stirring the purge, so as to form a light phase and a heavy phase defined in relation to the density.

Abstract: Separation of asphaltenes from residual oil is carried out with naphtha as solvent. In particular, straight run naphtha obtained from the same crude oil source as the residual oil feed is used as the solvent. The mixture of deasphalted oil and solvent is passed to a hydroprocessing zone, without typical separation and recycle of the solvent back to the solvent deasphalting unit. Asphalt is separated from the residual oil (residue from atmospheric or vacuum distillation); the mixture of deasphalted oil and naphtha solvent is passed to the hydroprocessing unit.

Abstract: A system for liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization having at least one reaction subsystem including at least one high intensity mixer and a stripping station. Multiple reaction subsystems can be utilized. A method is likewise disclosed for liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization.

Abstract: Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Abstract: A method of demulsifying crude oil, said method comprising the step of reacting an amount of crude oil with a polyester demulsifier, therein the demulsifier is used in quantities from 0.0001% to 5% (1-50,000 ppm), preferably 0.0005% to 2% (5-20,000 ppm), more preferably 0.0008% to 1% (8-10,000 ppm) and most preferably 0.001 to 0.1 wt. % polymer (10-1,000 ppm) related to the oil fraction of the utilized emulsion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for reducing the nitrogen content in a hydrocarbon feed comprising nitrogen compound. The process comprises mixing the hydrocarbon feed containing nitrogen compounds with at least one adsorbent and stirring at a temperature in the range of 25° C. to 80° C. for a pre-determined time period. The adsorbents of the present disclosure are efficient for the removal of refractory organic nitrogen compounds in the range of 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm. The process of the present disclosure is simple and use inexpensive adsorbent and requires mild operation conditions.

Abstract: A process and system that use the heat produced in the generation of Syngas to provide heat to an endothermic reaction zone are disclosed. A method for providing heat to an endothermic reaction may comprise producing Syngas in a reforming reactor. The method may further comprise recovering heat from the producing the Syngas to heat an endothermic reaction stream in a heat transfer zone. The method may further comprise allowing reactants in the endothermic reaction stream to react to form an endothermic reaction product stream. The method may further comprise withdrawing the endothermic reaction product stream from the heat transfer zone.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for the biological processing of hydrocarbon-containing substances. In particular embodiments, the systems and methods herein relate to pre-digestion of hydrocarbon containing substances and further processing of the same to produce hydrocarbon fuels, fertilizer, and other products.

Abstract: A separator system for treating a gas from a biomass gasification system, including: first and second cyclones, where the first cyclone includes an inlet for receiving a gas from a biomass gasification unit, the first cyclone being arranged for removing particulate matter from the gas from the biomass gasification unit in order to provide a first cleaner gas, piping arranged to lead the first cleaner gas to the second cyclone, where the second cyclone is arranged to remove particulate matter from the first cleaner gas in order to provide a second cleaner gas, a pipe arranged to lead the second cleaner gas to a special piping element, the latter including a burner, thereby providing a third cleaned gas, and a gas distribution unit arranged to lead the third cleaned gas to one or more tar reformer units. Also, a method of treating a gas from a biomass gasification system.

Abstract: A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is reacted in the absence of added hydrogen for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a dealkylated BTX+ stream. In addition, a naphtha reformer is integrated, so that the dealkylated BTX+ stream and a reformate stream are separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the ring opening step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is reacted in the absence of added hydrogen for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a dealkylated BTX+ stream. The dealkylated BTX+ stream is separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the ring opening step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Process for the production of C6-C7 aromatic compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock of naphtha type comprising the following stages: a) the said feedstock (1) is sent into a first fractionation unit (2) in order to obtain an upper stream (3) comprising C6 and C7 hydrocarbon compounds and a lower stream (4) comprising C8 to C10 hydrocarbon compounds; b) the upper stream (3) and a stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds obtained on conclusion of stage e) are sent into a unit for extraction of the aromatics (5) in order to obtain an aromatic base (6) and a liquid effluent (7); c) the liquid effluent (7) is sent into a first catalytic reforming unit (8) in order to obtain a first reformate effluent (9); d) the said first reformate effluent (9) is sent into a reformate separation section (10) in order to obtain a first stream (11) comprising C5 hydrocarbon compounds and a second stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds; e) the second stream (12) comprising C6 and C7 aromatic compounds is re

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a heavy oil may be upgraded by a process that may include removing at least a portion of metals from the heavy oil in a hydrodemetalization reaction zone to form a hydrodemetalization reaction effluent, removing at least a portion of metals and at least a portion of nitrogen from the hydrodemetalization reaction effluent in a transition reaction zone to form a transition reaction effluent, removing at least a portion of nitrogen from the transition reaction effluent in a hydrodenitrogenation reaction zone to form a hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent, and reducing aromatics content in the hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent in a hydrocracking reaction zone by contacting the hydrodenitrogenation reaction effluent to form an upgraded fuel.