Abstract: A miniaturized construction and slit end orifice configurations of a constricted glow discharge chamber and method are disclosed. The polarity and geometry of the constricted glow discharge plasma source is set so that the contamination and energy of the ions discharged from the source are minimized. The several sources can be mounted in parallel and in series to provide a sustained ultra low source of ions in a homogeneous linear plasma stream with contamination below practical detection limits. Other configuration include a hollow chamber with an anode outside the chamber located opposite its discharge constriction orifice. The constriction orifice may be circular or a slit and can be aligned to form a linear array for processing web substrates.

Abstract: A balun transformer having two series connected transformers with each having a primary loop conductor disposed in a stacked configuration. One portion of each primary loop conductors is in a first layer and these two portions of the two primary loop conductors are connected in series. The second portions of the primary loop conductors are in a second layer that is spaced from the first layer with the secondary loop conductors interlaced with these portions of the primary loop conductors in the second layer.

Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are no more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d≦A≦3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes conductive films that define a slot on the top of a magnetic member having ferrimagnetic characteristics. On the bottom of the magnetic member, other conductive films that define an opposing slot are formed. An external DC magnetic field is applied substantially parallel to the magnetic member and substantially perpendicular to the slots. Resistive films are formed alongside the slot on the top of the magnetic member. When a signal propagates in the direction from port #2 to port #1, the electromagnetic field of a planar dielectric line mode is localized in the direction of the resistive films. Electrical power is consumed by the resistive films, so that the signal is prevented from propagating. When the signal propagates in the direction from port #1 to port #2, no loss is caused by the resistive films. Therefore, the signal is transmitted with low loss.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reconfigurable diplexer which is well suited for use with mulitple element antenna arrays. The diplexer includes a common, slot-line transmission line adapted to carry electromagnetic signals; a pair a separate slot-line transmission lines coupled to the common transmission line; each separate slot-line transmission line having an individual filter coupled thereto, wherein each filter is adapted to selectively give its respective separate slot-line transmission line a characteristic impedance dependent upon predetermined frequencies of the electromagnetic signals; and a separate slot-line balun associated with each separate slot-line transmission line and adapted for coupling signals to and/or from its respective separate slot-line transmission line. The diplexer may be configured to operate in several different bands such as the INTELSAT frequencies (7.2-8.4 GHz) or DSCS frequencies (11.7-14.5 GHz).

Abstract: An RF assembly (20) operating at a predetermined wavelength of &lgr; and having a ground-plane interface (26) between first and second components (22, 24) is presented. A bond wire (48) couples the components (22, 24) along a bond-wire directrix (54). The components (22, 24) have grounding members (30, 32) establishing substantially coplanar ground planes (42, 44). The grounding members (30, 32) are coupled together so as to create a semi-cylindrical slot (28) having an opening (60) substantially coincident with the ground planes (42, 32). The slot 28 has an axis (66) proximate the bond-wire directrix (54), and a radius (68) substantially equal to &lgr;/2. The slot axis (66) and the bond-wire directrix (54) are located within a plane (56) substantially perpendicular to the ground planes (42, 32).

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter includes a glass substrate, an interdigital transducer provided on the glass substrate, a piezoelectric film arranged on the glass substrate so as to cover the interdigital transducer; a terminal electrode provided on the glass substrate and electrically connected to the interdigital transducer; and a coating film having an area smaller than that of the terminal electrode. The coating film is arranged on the terminal electrode such that a portion of a top surface of the terminal electrode is exposed throughout the periphery thereof.

Abstract: High frequency dielectric ceramic compositions having a dielectric constant (∈r) of 30 to 50, a Q value of 15,000 or more at 1 GHz, and a temperature-dependent factor of resonant frequency (&tgr;f) which can be arbitrarily controlled centering around 0 (ppm/° C.) have a main crystal of the perovskite type crystal phase by (1−x)MeTiaO1+2a—xLn(Ma1/2Mb1/2)bO(3+3b)/2, wherein Ln is a rare earth element, Ma is at least one of Mg and Zn, Mb is at least one of Sn and Zr, Me is at least one of Ca and Sr, x is the mole fraction, and 0.95≦a≦1.05, 0.9≦b≦1.05 and 0.3≦x≦0.5.

Abstract: A highly reliable nonreciprocal circuit device facilitating incorporation of matching capacitors and a communication apparatus incorporating the same are disclosed. In the nonreciprocal circuit device, central conductors are integrally extended from a ground plate abutting on the bottom of a ferrite plate to be mutually crossed on the upper surface of the ferrite plate via an insulation sheet after passing over the side surfaces of the ferrite plate. Matching capacitors are connected by soldering between capacitor-connecting terminals integrally extended from the ground plate and the ports of the central conductors in such a manner that electrode surfaces of the matching capacitors are set perpendicularly with respect to a main surface of the ferrite plate.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables includes an impedance transformer, a probe for connecting the impedance transformer to the first cable, and a tap cable for connecting the impedance transformer to the second cable. Ferrite beads surround the probe and the tap cable to provide frequency-variable series impedances.

Abstract: An energy trapping type piezoelectric filter comprising a first piezoelectric substrate (1A) and a second piezoelectric substrate (1B) having an identical configuration and arranged in layers with an adhesive sheet or spacer (20A) interposed therebetween and insulating top and base plates (30A, 30B) arranged on and under the respective piezoelectric substrates with adhesive sheets or spacers (20B, 20C) also interposed therebetween, wherein a shielding conductive member (40) is provided on an upper surface of the insulating base plate (30B) for preventing an electromagnetic coupling between an input electrode (31) and output electrodes (32A, 32B), the shielding conductive member (40) being connected to grounding electrodes (33A, 33B).

Abstract: A switchable directional coupler in which a three position switch partitions the coupler into three distinct coupling paths among its four ports according to the status of a pair of quadrature phase input signals of amplitudes A and B. In one position with both input signals being active, the output signal has an amplitude of A+B. In a second position with only the input signal of amplitude A being active, the output signal has an amplitude of A. In the third position with only the input signal of amplitude B being active, the output signal has an amplitude of B.

Abstract: A high-frequency dielectric waveguide line comprising a dielectric substrate with two conductor layers on its two surfaces, and a plurality of rows of through conductors in the substrate connecting the two conductor layers. The distances between the through conductors in each row are not more than half of the wavelength of the signal transmitted in the transmission direction of the waveguide. The waveguide line has a branching portion where a first waveguide line having a width d branches into second and third parallel waveguide lines both of width d. The portion of the waveguide at the branching point has a width of A, where 2d≦A≦3d. The first, second and third waveguide lines are connected without abrupt width enlargement. The branching waveguide line have small transmission losses for high-frequency signals.

Abstract: A printed balun satisfies performance requirements for operation at a desired operational frequency (e.g., ƒ=5.3 GHz) while minimizing space requirements on a circuit board. Segments of microstrip are connected at right angles that define fingers whose dimensions can be tailored for operation at a desired operational frequency while minimizing the corresponding space required on a circuit board. Minimal separation between the fingers avoids undesirable internal interference. Mounted at the edges of distinct fingers are the necessary ports for operation of the balun including a single-ended port, an isolation port, and two differential ports.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device comprises a dielectric wave guide comprising a dielectric body with a center and with strips extending radially from the center in at least two directions and arranged between two conductor plates defining parallel conductor planes; a ferrite body arranged in the center of the dielectric strip; and a medium having a lower dielectric constant than the dielectric body arranged between at least a side face of the ferrite body and the conductor plates adjacent to the side face of the ferrite body. Grooves into which a dielectric strip is fitted are formed in the opposing surfaces of two conductor plates. The width of the dielectric strip is increased in the center of the dielectric strip and in the direction along the conductor planes of the conductor plates. At the widened location, a space is formed between the side walls of the grooves and the side faces of the ferrite sheets.

Abstract: A right circular cylindrical body of an isotropic dielectric such as a cross-linked styrene copolymer, has respective pluralities of mutually parallel grooves formed in its axial end faces, spaced apart by an intermediate portion whose dimension c is a half wavelength. The axial lengths a, b of the grooves are such that when a wave passes through the body, a quarter wavelength phase difference is produced between a component of a wave having its E-vector parallel to the grooves and a component of the wave having its E-vector orthogonal to the grooves. Alternatively the plate may consist of two or more discrete bodies whose grooves are dimensioned to produce a total differential phase shift of one quarter wavelength.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device including a ferrimagnetic film for exciting and propagating magnetostatic waves and a magnetic field generator for applying a magnetic field to the ferrimagnetic film. The magnetic field generator includes a permanent magnet and one pair of yokes that are magnetically connected to the permanent magnet and are opposite to each other with an air gap located between them. The air gap has the ferrimagnetic film received therein.

Abstract: An apparatus using field emission techniques to limit voltage on RF transmission lines. A voltage limiter comprises a cathode and an anode housed in an airtight tube, whereby the cathode comprises a field emitter array having a plurality of field tips distributed about the surface of an insulating layer, and a microstrip transmission line overlying the insulating layer and having a predetermined width to form electrical contact with a selected group of the field tips. The microstrip transmission line enables propagation of electromagnetic microwave energy over a bandwidth of multiple octaves. The field emitters enable the generation of a flow of electrons at a predetermined breakdown threshold voltage, without the necessity for an external source to induce electron flow. Generation of the electron flow by the field tips creates a reflection wave on the transmission line that interferes with the incident electromagnetic energy to limit the voltage on the transmission line.

Abstract: A balun circuit includes a dielectric substrate having planar opposing surfaces; a groundplane conductor layer disposed on a first opposing surface; an interlayer conductor layer disposed on a second opposing surface and including first and second electrically isolated conducting strips, with a balance point gap between first ends thereof, and second ends thereof being short-circuited; an interlayer dielectric layer having substantially planar opposing surfaces, with a first opposing surface thereof being disposed over the interlayer conductor layer; and a top conductor layer disposed over a second opposing surface of the interlayer dielectric layer and including a third conducting strip overlying the first and second conducting strips, one end of the third conducting strip providing an unbalanced port terminal and another end of the third conducting strip being open-circuited.

Abstract: A magnetic member 2 for nonreciprocal circuit is fitted in a first hole formed in a dielectric substrate 1 and at least one magnetic member 3 is fitted in a second hole formed in a portion of the dielectric substrate 1, which surrounds the first hole. An electrical conductor is printed on surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 and the magnetic member 2 for nonreciprocal circuit to form a micro strip line 4. A grounding conductor 5 is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Changing the magnetization of the magnetic member 3 for frequency regulation can reversibly perform a regulation of the frequency characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit.