Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula Ix and Ia: ##STR1## wherein (Ix) comprises the regioisomeric form sLe.sup.X and (Ia) comprises the regioisomeric form sLe.sup.A, and R.sup.1 is a lipophilic radical formed from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic units, or a sugar residue which is capped by a .beta.1-O-linked aliphatic or cycloaliphatic unit at the reducing end of the terminal sugar. The compounds of the present invention are useful as inhibitors of increased cell-cell adhesion as well as useful in treating diseases associated with increased cell-cell-adhesion. The compounds of the present invention are also incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to prevention and/or treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) and other conditions associated with C. difficile infection, using oligosaccharide compositions which bind C. difficile toxin B. More specifically, the invention concerns neutralization of C. difficile toxin B associated with such conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of inhibiting the export of a leaderless protein from a cell by contacting the cell with a cardiac glycoside or aglycone derivative. Leaderless proteins include FGF-1, FGF-2, IL-1.alpha., IL-1.beta. and factor XIIIa. These methods are useful in treatment of conditions, including tumors and diabetes.

Abstract: Glycolipid mimics which include a rigid hydrophobic moiety are disclosed. Methods of using the glycolipid mimics are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of accumulating a drug and a form of hyaluronic acid in the skin and/or exposed tissue of a human includes topically administering a therapeutically effective dosage amount of a formulation which comprises at least 5 mg/cm.sup.2 of the form of hyaluronic acid and a therapeutically effective amount of the drug.

Abstract: Novel metformin formulations are provided which include metformin or metformin salts preferably the hydrochloride salt in doses below that employed for treating diabetes such as metformin in daily amounts of 400 mg or below. A method for treating peripheral vascular disease including intermittent claudication employing such metformin formulations is also provided.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is the compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: X represents a CH.sub.2 or SO.sub.2 radical or an oxygen atom, Y represents a (CH.sub.2).sub.m --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.n (CH.sub.2).sub.o radical, with m+n+o.ltoreq.8, n=0 or 1, Ar represents an aryl radical,W represents a hydrogen atom, or the remainder of a carbamate function.The compounds of formula (I) have useful antibiotic properties.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for preparing water-insoluble biocompatible gels, films and sponges by reacting hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, with a carbodiimide in the absence of a nucleophile or a polyanionic polysaccharide. The water-insoluble gels, films and sponges of this invention may be used as surgical aids to prevent adhesions of body tissues and as drug delivery vehicles.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which have the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: (a) a hydrogen atom; and (b) a lower alkyl group, straight or branched chain, having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; or R.sub.1 -R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded may together form a heterocyclic group; R.sub.3 -R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation and work-up of N-hydroxyalkylchitosans soluble in aqueous media, comprising the measuresdispersion of chitosan in an aqueous medium,subsequent hydroxyalkylation of the dispersed chitosan andsubsequent work-up of the N-hydroxyalkylchitosan, which comprises carrying out the hydroxyalkylation up to an average degree of substitution (DS) of 2.0, preferably 1.5 to 2.0, if desired removing some of the aqueous medium after the hydroxyalkylation and before the work-up and performing the work-up of the N-hydroxyalkylchitosan by drying.

Abstract: A method for treating a neurofibrosarcoma tumor comprising administration of heparin and an angiostatic steroid is disclosed. Animal models for the growth of neurally-derived tumors and for testing therapeutic agents are also provided.

Abstract: Vitamin B.sub.12 receptor modulating agents capable of modulating cell surface receptors by affecting the cell surface receptor trafficking pathway are disclosed. The vitamin B.sub.12 receptor modulating agents are comprised of a covalently bound rerouting moiety and targeting moiety linked by a water-solublizing linker.

Abstract: A variety of compounds are provided which are usefdl as immunogens and as tumor markers. The present invention discloses methods relating to the detection of cancer. Extended forms of the lacto-series type 1 chain are shown to be present in various cancer tissues. The present invention also provides a cell line and the monoclonal antibody produced therefrom. Such an antibody has a number of uses, including in diagnostic or therapeutic methods.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed at providing an anticancer agent which can inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells when used alone. In addition, the present invention is also aimed at providing an anticancer agent which can inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells while causing a small side effect and very small toxicity even for an extended time of administration. The cancer metastasis-inhibiting anticancer agent according to the present invention is characterized by containing sialic acid, its salt, a polymer of sialic acid or a salt of the polymer as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of inhibiting the export of a leaderless protein from a cell by contacting the cell with a cardiac glycoside or aglycone derivative. Leaderless proteins include FGF-1, FGF-2, IL-1.alpha., IL-1.beta. and factor XIIIa. These methods are useful in treatment of conditions, including tumors and diabetes.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is provided comprising:(1) an agent selected from a medicinal agent and a therapeutic agent and combinations thereof in a therapeutically effective amount to treat a disease or condition in humans who will benefit from the treatment with the agent; and(2) hyaluronic acid and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and/or fragments, and subunits of hyaluronic acid, characterized in that said composition(a) is in a dosage form which is suitable for administration in humans; and(b) is in a form in which (i) component (1) is in an effective dosage amount to treat said disease or condition by penetration at the site to be treated; and (ii) component (2) is immediately available to transport component (1) at the site to be treated, and which component (2) is in an effective non-toxic amount to facilitate the transport of component (1) upon administration, through the tissue including scar tissue, at the site to be treated and through the cell membranes or the individual cells to be

Abstract: Picric acid, namely, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, is readily and effectively prepared by nitrating o-nitrophenol and/or p-nitrophenol into at least one dinitrophenol in a nitric acid medium of reaction, characteristically essentially consisting of nitric acid or immixture thereof with a strong co-acid, the at least one dinitrophenol remaining soluble in the medium of reaction, and therein completing nitration of the at least one dinitrophenol and precipitating picric acid therefrom.

Abstract: Compounds of this invention are 5,6-dideoxy, 5-amino derivatives of idose and 6-deoxy, 6-amino derivatives of glucose which exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activity. Methods of preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating inflammatory and/or autoimmune disorders employing the compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The use of at least one sophorolipid in cosmetics as an agent for stimulating the metabolism of fibroblasts of the dermis of the skin, particularly as an agent that restructures the skin, agent that repairs the skin, and/or an agent that tones up the skin.

Abstract: A cholesterol oxide adsorbing agent whose effective component is a plant-derived water-soluble polysaccharide, a process for producing the cholesterol oxide adsorbing agent characterized by extraction of the polysaccharide from the plant at from 80.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., a method of adsorbing cholesterol oxide using the plant-derived water-soluble polysaccharide, and a process for producing foods characterized by adding the plant-derived water-soluble polysaccharide to foods containing cholesterol or cholesterol oxide.