Abstract: Disclosed are a novel desiccant containing a non-reducing anhydrous trehalose as an effective ingredient; a dehydration of hydrous matters, e.g. food products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, therewith; and dehydrated products obtained by the dehydration. Such hydrous matters are dehydrated without causing alteration or deterioration by incorporating anhydrous trehalose into the hydrous matters to convert the anhydrous trehalose into hydrous crystalline trehalose. The anhydrous trehalose are anhydrous crystalline trehalose and hydrous amorphous trehalose.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. More particularly, the present invention relates to modifying thrombus formation by administering an agent which, inter alia, is capable of (1) selectively inactivating thrombin which is bound either to fibrin in a clot or to some other surface, but which has only minimal inhibitory activity against free thrombin, i.e., fluid-phase thrombin; (2) inhibiting the assembly of the intrinsic tenase complex, thereby inhibiting the activation of Factor X by Factor IXa; and (3) inhibiting the activation of Factor IX by Factor XIa.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of sulfite, including metabisulfite, as melanogenesis-inhibiting or depigmenting agent. The invention enables preparing melanogenesis-inhibiting or depigmenting cosmetic compositions and optionally advantageously pharmaceutical compositions for treating pathologies.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions for inhibiting the binding between two cells, one expressing P- or L-selectin on the surface and the other expressing the corresponding ligand. A covalently crosslinked lipid composition is prepared having saccharides and acidic group on separate lipids. The composition is then interposed between the cells so as to inhibit binding. Inhibition can be achieved at an effective oligosaccharide concentration as low as 10.sup.6 fold below that of the free saccharide. Since selectins are involved in recruiting cells to sites of injury, these composition scan be used to palliate certain inflammatory and immunological conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing the time of response of an assay for a first bacterium, wherein: a) the first bacterium is exposed to infection by phage particles to which the first bacterium is permissive; b) the infected bacterium is treated to inactivate exogenous phage particles; c) the treated bacterium is cultivated in the presence of a second bacterium which is permissive to infection by the phage or its replicand and which has a doubling rate greater than the effective doubling rate of the first bacterium; and d) assessing the extent of plaque formation and/or of second bacterium growth in the cultivated second bacterium cells.

Abstract: A method of detoxifying a patient by peritoneal dialysis which patient will benefit from peritoneal dialysis treatment by involving underperfused or pathological tissue the administration of an agent suitable for peritoneal dialysis treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective dosage amount of a pharmaceutical composition for peritoneal dialysis treatment, each dosage amount comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an agent suitable for use in peritoneal dialysis and a sufficient amount of a form of hyaluronic acid selected from hyaluronic acid and non-toxic salts and combinations thereof sufficient to alter the agent's performance in the human body wherein said amount of the form of hyaluronic acid is sufficient to provide a dosage between 10 mg and 3000 mg of the form of hyaluronic acid and wherein the molecular weight of the form of hyaluronic acid is less than 750,000 daltons but greater than 150,000 daltons.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for the enzymatic decontamination of specimens as a means to control microbiological contamination. The compositions and methods of the invention are especially useful to eliminate non-gram negative contaminants of samples being processed for microbiological analysis.

Abstract: The invention related to glucuronyl arabinarates, to a process for producing these glucuronyl arabinarates consisting in carrying out the oxidative alkaline degradation of a starch hydrolysate so as to obtain firstly glucosyl arabinonates and then, by a selective oxidation of all or part of the primary alcohol functional groups of the glucosyl arabinonates to obtain the glucuronyl arabinarates, and to the use of the glucuronyl arabinarates as builders or co-builders in the formulation of detergent compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydroxynaphthalenes of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n represents a number from 1 to 6,X denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, carboxyl, carboxylic acid ester, nitro, chlorosulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, or an amino or aminosulphonyl that is unsubstituted or N-substituted with alkyl or aryl, or two radicals X, together with the adjacent carbon atoms to which they are bonded, form a fused-on aromatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic ring, andm denotes a number from 0 to 6, wherein if m is greater than 1, then each X can have different or identical meanings,by reacting(1) a naphthalenesulphonic acid of formula (II) or a salt thereof ##STR2## wherein n and m have the above meanings and X.sub.1 has the same meaning as X or is SO.sub.3 H, with(2) alkali in the presence of(3) an alkylated urea derivative.

Abstract: An oral hygienic compound and method for use in domesticated animals such as cats and dogs. The primary component of the oral hygienic compound is pure, natural garlic. The method involves coating or otherwise adulterating the animal's food with the oral hygienic compound in order to maximize garlic exposure within the oral cavity of the animal. Thus, the oral hygienic compound should promote chewing by the animal so as to evenly distribute the garlic within the animal's mouth. Garlic, in an uncooked state, has been found to substantially eliminate a pet's bad breath, whether by substantially reducing odor-causing bacteria within the oral cavity, and/or by other more systemic means when it is administered according to the inventive method.

Abstract: The invention describes an improved method for making monosialoganglioside GM3 and its intermediates. Following reaction of a neuraminic acid donor and a lactose acceptor in the presence of an acid catalyst, the .alpha. and .beta. isomers of GM3 are formed. The .alpha. isomer is converted to a lactone, via action of a ring forming basic catalyst, which is then separable from the .beta. isomer. The lactone is then treated with a basic catalyst in the presence of an alcohol, to form GM3 or a GM3 intermediate.

Abstract: Chitosan derivatives having structural units of formula I, II and III in random distribution ##STR1## wherein the substituents R.sub.1 are each, independently of one another, H or --Z--R.sub.2 --X, R.sub.3 is H or acetyl, Y is the anion O--Z--R.sub.2 --X, and(a) Z is --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, X is --CO.sub.2 H, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.2 PO(OH).sub.2, and R.sub.2 is --CHR.sub.4 CR.sub.5 (OH)--, R.sub.4 is --H, --OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sub.5 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or(b) Z is --CO--, X is --CO.sub.2 H, and R.sub.2 is --CHR.sub.6 --CHR.sub.7 --CH(OH)-- or --CHR.sub.8 --CHR.sub.9 --CHR.sub.10 --CH(OH)--, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.10 are each, independently of one another, --H, --OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, and R.sub.9 is --H, --OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or --CO.sub.

Abstract: Sulfated disaccharides characterized by the ability to inhibit the binding of selectin to its physiologically-relevant ligand are disclosed. Included are efficient and inexpensive methods for producing the sulfated disaccharides, and methods for their therapeutic use and in in vivo and in vitro assays.

Abstract: Antibody-mediated xenograft rejection is attenuated by (1) removing preformed antibodies to various identified carbohydrate xenoantigens from the recipient's circulation prior to transplantation by extracorporeal perfusion of the recipient's blood over a biocompatible solid support to which the xenoantigens are bound and/or (2) parenterally administering a xenoantibody-inhibiting amount of an identified xenoantigen to the recipient shortly before graft revascularization and thereafter.

Abstract: Compounds which bind to selectin receptors and thus may modulate the course of inflammation, cancer and related processes by intervening with cell-cell adhesion events. Further, such compounds can be used for identification and analysis of such receptors. In this regard the invention is directed to compounds of formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is independently H, alkyl, aryl, an aryl alkyl, alkenyl or one or more additional saccharide residues; R.sup.2 =H or OH provided that when R.sup.2 is H, R.sup.3 is OH; R.sup.3 =H or OH provided that when R.sup.3 is H, R.sup.2 is OH; X=H, SO.sub.3.sup.- or PO.sub.4.sup.- ; Y is independently H, OH, OR.sup.4 or NHCOR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is alkyl, and Z is an organic acid residue. .alpha.-L-Fucose residue can be modified or replaced with suitable bioisosters or a different saccharide residue such as D-mannose. Modification of L-fucose may include replacement of each or all of the hydroxyl groups with H or OR' wherein R' can be methyl, ethyl or allyl groups.

Abstract: Glycolipid mimics which include a rigid hydrophobic moiety are disclosed. Methods of using the glycolipid mimics are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for removing lice eggs from the hair of an infested human or animal using a nit-visualizing composition. The composition involves the use of certain dyes which have an affinity to the surface of nits, to thereby enable a second individual to more easily see and remove the eggs during a combing or other removal process. To effectuate this purpose, a colored material is dispersed within a water- or alcohol-based solvent and, in one embodiment, a liquefied propellant as well. The composition is applied to the hair of the infested human or animal, and then removed after drying by a process of brushing or washing. However, the colored material which adsorbs to the chitinous exoskeleton and binding cement of the lice eggs remains on the nits, thereby facilitating visual identification and removal of the lice eggs from hair.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compositions and their use in the treatment of inflammatory responses. Specifically, the invention is directed to novel synthetic oligosaccharide constructs, especially multiple sLe.sup.x decorated poly-N-acetyllactosamines and their use to block lymphocyte binding to correspondent oligosaccharides on the endothelial surface, and thus reduce or otherwise ameliorate an undesired inflammatory response and other disease states characterized by lymphocyte binding. Furthermore the invention is directed to the use of the novel saccharides to block bacterial adherence to endothelium and thus prevent and/or treat bacterial infections. A further use of the present invention lies in the field of cancer treatment where metastasis of sLe.sup.x -positive tumor cells is inhibited by these glycans.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for synthesizing very large collections of diverse thiosaccharide derivatives optionally attached to a solid support. Also disclosed are libraries of diverse thiosaccharide derivatives.

Abstract: Materials comprised of linked, repeat units of beta glucosamine, having a molecular weight in the range of 400 to 10,000 are highly effective in controlling fungus infestation in agricultural crops, both pre-harvest and post-harvest. The antifungal material is preferably combined with a mildly acidic solvent to produce a composition having a slightly acidic, or near neutral pH. When the antifungal material is combined with a chitosan matrix, a synergistic interaction occurs which greatly enhances the effect of the resultant composition. Also disclosed is a method for producing a chitin or chitosan based material which will dissolve in water having a neutral pH.