Abstract: An integral electronic meter system diagnostics package including a microprocessor, storage memory, pre-select series of system diagnostic tests, and recording any results which exceed predefined programmable thresholds, and display means for displaying error and/or diagnostic messages identifying selected diagnostic data and/or errors discovered in the meter tests during a predefined period. The system automatically senses the type of electrical service in which the meter is installed.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a process for use with automatic test equipment ("ATE") for determining a propagation delay in a semiconductor circuit is provided. In one embodiment of the invention, the process comprises the steps of determining an expected delay time by interpolating a first simulation capacitance, a second simulation capacitance, and an ATE capacitance, with a first simulated delay time and a second simulated delay time, the simulated delay times corresponding to the first and second simulated capacitances respectively, testing the semiconductor circuit with the ATE to determine an ATE delay time, and comparing the ATE delay time with the expected delay time to determine whether the propagation delay is acceptable.

Abstract: The presence of air bubbles entrained in a liquid flowing through a tube is detected flowing the liquid through a conduit which comprises a conductivity cell with a continuous path configuration. An electrical current is induced in the liquid in the conductivity cell. The electrical current in the liquid in the conductivity cell is sensed and interpreted, a decrease in the electrical current being indicative of the presence of an air bubble in the liquid. The conductivity cell comprises an upstream connection, a downstream connection, and two branches connecting the upstream connection to the downstream connection with a continuous path configuration from the upstream connection to the downstream connection through one of the two branches and returning to the upstream connection through the other one of the two branches.

Abstract: The signals to be measured are transformed in the system to discrete time digital signals by synchronous sampling. These digital signals are then processed by a digital signal processor for vector detection and for computing digital feedback sent to the sampling gates. The analyzer has improved characteristics in the area of linearity, drift and test port signal injection because of its highly optimized architecture based on synchronous sampling with digital feedback. It possesses unique characteristics such as the ability to tune to a harmonic or a subharmonic of the excitation frequency and a good sensitivity in a high impedance environment.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the voltage and energy between the contacts of a male connector from a piece of electronic equipment after it has been disconnected for a given period of time from a source of AC power. The device has both a voltage meter and a milli-joules meter which are connected into any one of a series of four circuits. In the first circuit, the meters are connected across the high voltage contact and the low voltage contact of the male connector. In the second circuit, the meters are connected across the high voltage contact and the safety ground, in the third circuit the meters are connected across the low voltage contact and the safety ground, and in the fourth circuit the meters measure the residual voltage and energy between the tip of a conductive probe and safety ground. A control element controls a relay to connect or disconnect the meters into the circuit selected after the piece of equipment being tested has been disconnected from a source of power for a given period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus of this invention emits light onto an EO probe and detects the light reflected by the EO probe by using an MSM photodetector. The MSM photodetector is applied with a voltage of a frequency nf.sub.0 +.DELTA.f.

Abstract: A system for functionally testing opto-electronic devices, such as fiber-optic infrared receiver photodiodes, in the integral wafer or other optical port-exposed status. The testing arrangement uses a portable optical probe for communicating optical signals between the testing apparatus and the tested device in coincidence with electrical energization and functional operation of the electro-optical device by the test apparatus. The optical probe signals may be correlated in time relationship or other manner with the electrical signals applied-to the device-under-test. The invention provides simple conversion between a conventional electrical semiconductor device probe station and an electro-optical device probe station.

Abstract: A circuit accurately measures the current flowing in a load which is powered by a pulse-width modulated (PWM) arrangement. The current measurement circuit is transformer-coupled to the load. A first flux cancellation device produces a voltage which tends to reduce the flux in the transformer core to zero. A pair of peak detection circuits determine maximum and minimum voltages at the output of the first flux cancellation device, and another circuit measures the difference between the maximum and minimum voltages. This difference is a voltage which is proportional to the current flowing in the load. A second flux cancellation device includes an integrator which integrates the outputs of the peak detection circuits, and the output of the integrator is fed back to the first flux cancellation device.

Abstract: An analog electronic test probe includes hundreds of inputs each connected to two amplifiers, each in a separate multiplexer stage on an integrated circuit. A programmer, responsive to a dial, shifts data through a shift register of latches each of which is connected to one of the amplifiers, activating the amplifier(s) connected to the selected input, thereby multiplexing it (them) to selected output(s). Similarly, the gain for each output may be selected. An outdisable circuit connected to the outputs of each multiplexer and the outputs of each IC chip causes each output to appear electrically as an open circuit when no input associated with the multiplexer or chip is selected. This permits any number of multiplexers and IC chips to be daisy-chained together.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement for determining differences in capacitance, two capacitors (1,2) are alternately connected to an integrator with differential amplifier (3) whose input current is positive (+I) when the first capacitor (1) is integrated or negative (-I) when the second capacitor (2) is integrated, whereby the switches (5,6,7) are synchronously switched. The differential amplifier keeps the voltages at the two capacitors the same. A clocked control device (4) controls the synchronous switching and separately measures and adds the respective charging and discharging times and, as warranted, measures and adds the output voltage of the integrator and controls the last charging cycle such that the voltage at the capacitors is subsequently equal to the initial voltage. The relative or absolute differences in capacitance are calculated from the identified sums and can be digitally output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a probe card assembly which includes an interface card having a plurality of contact pads on at least one surface thereof, a probe card having a plurality of contact pads on at least one surface thereof, and a carousel interposed between the interface card and the probe card having a plurality of connecting means for making contact between the interface card contact pads and probe card contact pads.Also disclosed are the probe card, interface card and carousel as separate articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Proposed is a continuity tester for a plurality of electric conductors. For this purpose, a signal transmitter for admitting different individual identification signals to such conductors is connected to one of the ends of the conductors, whereby an identification is allocated to each signal transmitter connection. A signal receiver (10) for decoding the different identification signals by means of a decoding device (15) for indicating the allocated identification on a display (16) is connected to the other ends of the conductors. The signal receiver (10) has a sequence switchgear (30) supplying the connected conductors individually and successively with a reference potential in a repeated cycle, whereby the decoding device (15) for decoding the identification signals is formed at least on the one other conductor in each case.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a circuit, such as, an ECL circuit for comparing input signals with a reference potential determined as a circuit threshold value and outputting an output signal according to the comparison result. The semiconductor device further includes a switching circuit for switching the reference potential level between ordinary operation and burn-in operation of the ECL circuit. The time required for the burn-in operation can be reduced markedly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the power demand from a conventional watt-hour meter including a disk having a black mark imprinted on an edge thereof wherein the disk rotates in proportion to the amount of electrical power demanded by the energized electrical equipment connected thereto. The method comprising the steps of: positioning a scanning laser beam in front of the rotating disk of the watt-hour meter in a position transverse to the rotating disk such that the edge of the rotating disk is within the field of view of the scanning laser beam, scanning and then detecting the passings of the black mark as the disk rotates through at least two revolutions and computing the power demanded by the connected and energized electrical equipment based upon the amount of time between successive passings of the black mark.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining characteristic electrical properties of semi-conducting materials wherein the time/frequency dependent electrical impedance or admittance of the material is measured. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method. A number of bulb and surface parameters characterize the electrical properties of a given piece of material. These parameters include the dielectric constant .epsilon. of the material, the difference .DELTA..mu..sub.ch in the chemical potential of the bulk of a material and the chemical potential of its surface and/or metal electrode--material surface interface, the density of the majority and minority electrical mobile charge carriers N and N.sub.min, respectively, in the bulk of the material, the electrical mobility .mu. of the majority electrical mobile charges in the bulk of the material and the electrical mobility .mu..sub.min of minority mobile charge carriers, the surface and bulk emission and capture rates E.

Abstract: A tester for determining the condition of an electrochemical power source, e.g. a battery or main cell, is disclosed. The tester may comprise an electrolytic (coulometric) cell connected in series to a auxiliary cell. The auxiliary cell is a miniature electrochemical power cell. The electrolytic (coulometric) cell may have no electromotive force of its own and may comprise an anode and cathode of the same material, desirably silver, with an electrolyte contacting at least a portion of both the anode and cathode. The tester may be permanently connected in parallel to a main cell being tested and is thin enough to be integratable into a label for the main cell. As the main cell discharges, the electrolytic cell anode clears proportionally to the discharge of one of the electrodes of the main cell to provide a continuous visually discernible indication of the state of charge of the main cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system that determines whether pins of electrical components such as connectors, switches, and sockets are present and properly soldered to a printed circuit board. The system uses an oscillator which supplies a signal, typically ten kilohertz (10 kHz) at 0.2 volts, to the pin under test. A conductive electrode is placed on top of the component. The electrode is connected to a current measuring device. Another pin of the component is connected to a common signal return.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting seated condition for toilet seat which detects whether the change in input voltage of determining circuit, over predetermined time, in response to electrostatic capacity is existed or not. When the change is existed, the present apparatus computes and renews the set value 1 for detecting un-seated condition and the set value 2 for detecting seated condition based on the changed input potential.Accordingly, the present apparatus is the apparatus for detecting whether a human is seated or un-seated on a toilet seat using electrostatic capacity and the present invention can reduce the error in detection caused by the change in electrostatic capacity owing to a person, temperature and humidity.

Abstract: The watercut of fluid in a mulitphase flow is measured. Microwave energy in the 10 Ghz range is transmitted through a test call having flow passing therein through a known geometry. Attenuation and phase shift of the microwave energy is measured and used to derive the wave number of the microwaves in the unknown fluid. The water fraction of the unknown fluid is then determined from the wave number and the known geometry of the test all using Hannai's equation.

Abstract: A misfire detector for an internal combustion engine is provided which, if any of a plurality of modification factors is replaced by a value out of the proper range, can prevent erroneous misfire detection from, continuing.