Abstract: The invention relates transiently attaching drag-tags to molecules during electrophoresis. The invention includes running buffers having drag-tags that transiently attach to lipophilic moieties attached to the molecules. The lipophilic moieties can be covalently or ionically bonded to the molecules. One particular aspect of the invention is a nucleoside analog or a nucleic acid analog comprising a lipophilic moiety. The invention is also directed to methods of separating molecules that comprise a lipophilic moiety. The methods generally comprise transiently attaching a drag-tag to the lipophilic moiety during a separation modality. These methods can be used to separate the molecules by size or weight, to measure a hydrodynamic radius of a drag-tag, or to separate a plurality of drag-tag by their hydrodynamic radius.

Abstract: A method for protecting a plurality of metal electrical poles and copper grounding from galvanic corrosion in corrosive soils includes electrically interconnecting the poles to a grounding grid and providing an impressed current anode for the cathodic protection of the grounding grid.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a substrate carrier for use in electroplating a plurality of substrates. The substrate carrier comprises a non-conductive carrier body on which the substrates are to be held. Electrically-conductive lines are embedded within the carrier body, and a plurality of contact clips are coupled to the electrically-conductive lines embedded within the carrier body. The contact clips hold the substrates in place and electrically couple the substrates to the electrically-conductive lines. The non-conductive carrier body is continuous so as to be impermeable to flow of electroplating solution through the non-conductive carrier body. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions containing vinyl polymers and ionophores selective for lead ions (e.g., aniline copolymers), and methods for making these compositions are disclosed herein. The compositions can, for example, be used for detecting lead ions in a sample.

Abstract: An electrochemical ethylene sensor and method for ethylene sensing are disclosed. In one aspect, an electrochemical ethylene sensor includes a working electrode and a counter electrode on an electrically insulating substrate. An ionic liquid layer covers the working electrode and counter electrode. In one method, a voltage is applied to the working electrode which is equal to or lower than the voltage required for the onset of oxidation of the material of the working electrode, for example, in the range spanning 700 mV before the onset of oxidation of the material of the working electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for sample introduction including a flow channel, a sample inlet, a metering unit, a separating unit, cell dischargers and, and a pressure controlling unit. The sample inlet is given a sample fluid such as blood. The sample inlet has a constricting hole that communicates with the flow channel for passage of a carrier fluid. The constricting hole has a diameter large enough for passage of a single cell contained in the sample fluid. The sample fluid is introduced into the flow channel through the constricting hole, and the cells in the sample fluid pass one by one through the constricting hole. The constricting hole does not exist inside the flow channel for passage of the carrier fluid, so that the diameter of the constricting hole does not affect the flow rate of the carrier fluid passing through the flow channel.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an anodic compartment for metal electrowinning cells delimited by a frame-shaped skeleton comprising an envelope including a permeable separator secured to said frame-shaped skeleton by means of a frame-shaped flange, at least one anode obtained starting from a valve metal substrate coated with at least one corrosion-resistant catalytic layer, said anode being inserted inside said envelope, and a demister located above said anode and delimited by said separator and said skeleton. The invention also concerns an electrochemical cell for metal electrowinning comprising at least one such anodic compartment.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining information concerning the presence of ingredients with oxygen demand in a liquid sample, especially for determining the chemical oxygen demand of a liquid sample, especially a water, or wastewater, sample, by means of electrochemical oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample, oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample occurs on a boron doped, diamond electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor element has a solid electrolyte of an oxygen ion conductivity, a target gas electrode formed on one surface of the solid electrolyte, a reference gas electrode formed on the other surface of the solid electrolyte, a porous diffusion resistance layer through which the target gas passes to reach the target gas electrode, and a catalyst layer formed on an outer surface of the porous diffusion resistance layer. The target gas electrode is formed around the porous diffusion resistance layer. The catalyst layer contains noble metal catalysts. The noble metal catalysts contain at least rhodium and palladium. A content of rhodium is not less than 10 mass % and a content of palladium is not less than 20 mass % to the entire of the noble metal catalysts.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing fluids with desired concentration factors. According to one embodiment, an arrangement of digital microfluidic (DMF) based electrode platforms are provided. The arrangement may be configured to carry out a sequence of mix steps that may demand storage of resultant fluid mixtures produced in intermediate mix steps. Such sequences of mix steps may be desirable as a result of the decreased demand for initial fluid samples, and reduced wastage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing time varying ionic current in an electrolytic system having a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber separated by a barrier structure is provided, wherein the barrier structure includes thick walls and a substrate having an orifice therein, with the first and second fluid chambers being in communication via the orifice. A potential is applied between electrodes in respective first and second fluid chambers, thus driving an electrical current between them and through the orifice. Total capacitance of the system is less than 10 pF. Analytes are added to one of the first and second fluid chambers and time varying ionic current that passes across the orifice is measured. An amplifier proximal to the barrier structure and electrodes amplifies the ionic current signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anode for cathodic protection in form of strip with a catalyst-coated metal part continuously integral with an insulating element of polymer material. The activated metal part and the insulating material can be arranged on opposite faces of the strip, or the insulating element can consist of two rails accommodating the edges of the metal part. The insulating element can be painted with a colored or luminescent pigment to favor its identification and facilitate the putting in place of the anode.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate carrier device for electroplating of a solar cell which simultaneously plates both surfaces of a wafer.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus for sensing target materials including biological or chemical molecules in a fluid. One such apparatus includes a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) structure having an electrically-insulating layer, a fluidic channel supported by the SOI structure and configured and arranged to receive and pass a fluid including the target materials, and a semiconductor device including at least three electrically-contiguous semiconductor regions doped to exhibit a common polarity. The semiconductor regions include a sandwiched region sandwiched between two of the other semiconductor regions, and configured and arranged adjacent to the fluidic channel with a surface directed toward the fluidic channel for coupling to the target materials in the fluidic channel, and further arranged for responding to a bias voltage. The sensing apparatus also includes an amplification circuit in or on the SOI and that is arranged to facilitate sensing of the target material near the fluidic channel.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate holder which can absorb a change in the thickness between substrates and can hold a substrate while preventing deflection of the substrate and keeping the amount of compression of a substrate sealing member within a certain narrow range. The substrate holder includes a first holding member and a second holding member, both for detachably holding a substrate by holding a peripheral portion of the substrate therebetween; and a substrate sealing member, mounted to the second holding member, for sealing the peripheral portion of the substrate along a substrate sealing line. The first holding member has a thickness absorbing mechanism which biases the substrate toward the second holding member at positions along the substrate sealing line.

Abstract: Electrochemiluminescent technique and device suitable for cheap analytical and diagnostic applications, with electrodes manufactured from carbon paste and terbium chelates as labeling compounds.

Abstract: An active matrix electrowetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device includes a substrate electrode and a plurality of array elements, each array element including an array element electrode. The AM-EWOD device further includes thin film electronics disposed on a substrate. The thin film electronics includes first circuitry configured to supply a first time varying signal V1 to the array element electrodes, and second circuitry configured to supply a second time varying signal V2 to the substrate electrode. An actuation voltage is defined by a potential difference between V2 and V1, and the first circuitry further is configured to adjust the amplitude of V1 to adjust the actuation voltage. V1 may be adjusted to adjust the actuation voltage while V2 remains unchanged. The actuation voltage may be controlled to operate the AM-EWOD device between high and low voltage modes of operation in accordance with different droplet manipulation operations to be performed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for electrolyzing a source liquid in an electrolytic device. The electrolytic device includes a first cathode in a cathode chamber; and an anode and a second, auxiliary cathode in an anode chamber. The anode chamber and cathode chamber are separated by a barrier, and the anode and the auxiliary cathode are separated by a gap that lacks a barrier. While electrolyzing the source liquid with the electrolytic device, a level of current applied to the auxiliary cathode is adjusted in response to pH of an anolyte liquid produced from the source liquid by the anode chamber to maintain the pH within a desired range.

Abstract: An outer blade cutting wheel comprising an annular thin disc base of cemented carbide and a blade section is manufactured by disposing permanent magnet pieces on the side surfaces and inward of the outer periphery of the base to produce a magnetic field, providing magnetic coated diamond and/or CBN abrasive grains such that the magnetic field may act on the grains, causing the grains to be magnetically attracted to the base outer periphery, and electroplating or electroless plating whereby the abrasive grains are bound to the base outer periphery to form the blade section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode assembly for use in an electrolytic cell for recovery of metal. The assembly includes a hanger bar, a first perimeter bar, a second perimeter bar, optionally one or more center conductor bars, a base bar, a first tab coupled to the first perimeter bar and/or the base bar, and a second tab coupled to the second perimeter bar and/or the base bar. The assembly may also include insulating separators coupled to the tabs and/or insulators coupled to an active area of the anode assembly. A system includes the anode assembly, a cathode assembly, and a tank.