Abstract: In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement ? of greater than 0 at a temperature of ?5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement ? in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement ? in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of ?5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement ? of greater than 0 at a temperature of ?10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement ? in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement ? in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of ?10° C.

Abstract: Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an additive composition comprising: (a) an organometallic compound; (b) a nitrogen-containing compound; (c) an aryl peroxide; and (d) at least one solvent, wherein the organometallic compound to the nitrogen-containing compound to the aryl peroxide weight ratio is in a range of 7:0.5:0.5-9:1.5:1.5. The addition of additive composition not only synergistically improves the properties of the at least one fuel, such as, LPG for use as torch gas for cutting and welding application, but also reduces the consumption of both fuel and oxygen for cutting applications. The present disclosure is also directed towards a process for preparation of the fuel composition.

Abstract: In a ferrocoke manufacturing method by shaping and carbonizing a mixture of coal and iron ore, a hardly softening coal having a button index (CSN) of not more than 2.0 is used as the coal. The coal can be a blend of hardly softening coal and easily softening coal, and the hardly softening coal can be a coal having a button index (CSN) of 1.0 and a volatile matter of not less than 17%, and the easily softening coal can be a coal satisfying that a value obtained by multiplying CSN of easily softening coal by a blending ratio of easily softening coal in all coals is a range of 0.3-5.2. The coal can also be a blend of hardly softening coal and easily softening coal, and the hardly softening coal can be a coal having a button index (CSN) of 1.5-2.0, and the easily softening coal can be a coal satisfying that a value obtained by multiplying CSN of easily softening coal by a blending ratio of easily softening coal in all coals is nit more than 5.0.

Abstract: A feedstock flexible process for converting feedstock into oil and gas includes (i) indirectly heated hydrous devolatilization of volatile feedstock components, (ii) indirectly heated thermochemical conversion of fixed carbon feedstock components, (iii) heat integration and recovery, (iv) vapor and gas pressurization, and (v) vapor and gas clean-up and product recovery. A system and method for feedstock conversion includes a thermochemical reactor integrated with one or more hydrous devolatilization and solids circulation subsystems configured to accept a feedstock mixture, comprised of volatile feedstock components and fixed carbon feedstock components, and continuously produce a volatile reaction product stream therefrom, while simultaneously and continuously capturing, transferring, and converting the fixed carbon feedstock components to syngas.

Abstract: The method for preparing a ferrite-based coating catalyst including mixing a support, a ferrite-based catalyst, a cellulose-based additive, and water, in which a content of the cellulose-based additive is 0.5 wt % or less based on a total weight of the ferrite-based catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a water-hydrocarbon fuel emulsion comprising: a) 87-99% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon fuel with respect to the emulsion; b) 0.1-10% by weight of water with respect to the emulsion; c) 1-3% by weight of an emulsifying blend with respect to the emulsion; and d) 0.05-1% by weight of at least one inorganic hydride with respect to the emulsion, wherein the emulsifying blend comprises i) at least one oil-soluble nonionic surfactant; ii) at least one water-soluble nonionic surfactant; and iii) at least one ionic surfactant. The present disclosure also reveals a convenient preparation process of the water-hydrocarbon fuel emulsion.

Abstract: Coke including additives that are accumulated at the yield points or in the regions surrounded by the yield points. For homogeneous distribution, the additives are continuously dosed into the delayed coker during the filling time. The dosing can be carried out by powdery blowing with an inert gas (nitrogen) or also distributed in a slurry consisting of the reaction components and a partial flow of the coker feed (vacuum resid, pytar, decant oil or coal-tar distillates). According to an advantageous form of embodiment, the additives may optionally have a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. Advantageously, the additives can be selected from at least one of acetylene coke, fluid coke, flexi coke, shot coke, carbon black, non-graphitisable carbons (chars), non-graphitic anthracite, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A fire starter includes a casing made from a first material a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

Abstract: A method of agglomerating fine particles such as ultrafine coal in a beneficiation process, uses a water in oil emulsion to significantly reduce the amount of oil needed compared with known oil in water emulsions. A solution of oil and emulsifying agent is provided to which water is progressively added forming a concentrated water in oil emulsion with stabilized water drops (1) packed inside the oil solution phase (2). Fine particles in a slurry are then added, causing the fine particles to collide and stick to the emulsion particles. An optional form of the invention coats tiny portions of the emulsion in a thin film of low viscosity oil (5) to achieve a higher level of selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to middle distillate fuel blends, in particular renewable diesel fuel blends comprising a mixture of aryl ethers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for agglomerating hydrophobic particles from a feed slurry. The method comprises adding a binder to a feed stream and conveying the feed stream and binder to an agglomerating device. The binder comprises 50% or more by volume of a non-hydrophobic substance. A high shear is applied to the feed stream and the binder in the agglomerating device to cause the hydrophobic particles to collide and bind to the binder, thereby agglomerating the hydrophobic particles. The agglomerated hydrophobic particles and the binder are removed from the feed stream. A method and apparatus for dewatering an agglomerated product is also provided, the agglomerated product comprising agglomerated hydrophobic particles held together by a binder comprising 50% or more by volume of a non-hydrophobic substance.

Abstract: A biomass solid fuel is provided which, when exposed to rain water, has a reduced COD in discharged water and has low disintegration-property, while suppressing an increase in cost. The present invention relates to a biomass solid fuel obtained by molding pulverized biomass, having a fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of 0.2 to 0.8, dry-basis higher heating value of 4800 to 7000 (kcal/kg), a molar ratio of oxygen O to carbon C (O/C) of 0.1 to 0.7, and a molar ratio of hydrogen H to carbon C (H/C) is 0.8 to 1.3.

Abstract: A biomass solid fuel which, when exposed to rain water, has a reduced COD in discharged water and has low disintegration-property, while suppressing an increase in cost. The biomass solid fuel obtained by molding pulverized biomass particles, such that mutual bonding or adhesion between pulverized biomass particles is maintained after immersion in water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and fuel compositions for reducing or eliminating fuel injector deposits in high pressure gasoline engines. The fuel compositions include gasoline and a synergistic combination of a fuel injector clean-up mixture including a heterocyclic amine, diamine, or open chain derivative thereof and a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic anhydride derivative selected from a diamide, acid/amide, acid/ester, diacid, amide/ester, diester, and imide.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable paraffinic diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable paraffinic diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing NOx emissions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy. More specifically, the present invention relates to the production of biofuel from biomass including, for example, polymeric materials.

Abstract: Provided herein are biodiesel fuel mixtures having improved properties for reducing NOx emissions as well as total particulate matter emissions, CO emissions, and total hydrocarbon emissions.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to the use of black liquors from kraft pulp mills as a source of catalysts for the thermochemical conversion of organic matter feedstocks to bio oils.

Abstract: Described are combustible structures. For example, a combustible structure includes a starter fuel chamber with a starter fuel, an external lighter opening, and an external air opening. The combustible structure includes a conveying fuel chamber adjacent to the starter fuel chamber and including a conveying fuel. The combustible structure includes a partition between the conveying fuel chamber and the starter fuel chamber, the partition including an opening such that combustion in the starter fuel chamber can spread to the conveying fuel chamber through the opening. The combustible structure includes a fuel chamber that includes an artificial fire log and an external vent. The combustible structure includes a retaining structure that provides for ease of transport and holds the artificial fire log in place such that combustion in the conveying fuel chamber spreads to the fuel chamber.