Abstract: In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided a process for producing mono-, di- and triesters of glycerol over a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition including a base catalyst and a support material based on phyllosilicates of montmorillonite structure and the process for preparing the catalyst composition is also described.

Abstract: A handheld tool configured to procure fuel is described. Embodiments of the fuel procurement tool include a handhold having a cutting mechanism located proximate one end of the handhold. Typically, the cutting mechanism can include at least one cutter link having a depth gauge, a top plate, and a gullet formed between the depth gauge and the top plate. The fuel procurement tool can be implemented to procure kindling from a piece of wood.

Abstract: A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

Abstract: A product resulting from the reaction of at least: a hydroxybenzoic acid, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, a boron compound, an amine component selected from compounds including two or three amine functions, wherein at least one amine function is substituted by at least one hydrocarbyl group. A lubricant composition including this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for isolating high carbon chipped wood charcoal fuel suitable for grilling food. According to one aspect, the method involves removing pyrolyzed wood charcoal from a kiln wherein the pyrolyzed wood charcoal comprises lumps, chips, smaller pieces, and dust particles. The pyrolyzed wood charcoal is passed over a first sieve that is configured to separate the lumps from the chips, smaller pieces and dust particles. The chips, smaller pieces and dust particles are then passed over a second sieve that is configured to separate the chips from the smaller pieces and dust particles. The resulting chipped wood charcoal is consistently sized to be small enough to pass through a food supporting grill grate and supportable by an underlying grid support, thereby allowing refueling while grilling without interruption.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for automotive transmissions is disclosed. It offers an automotive transmission (especially a fuel-saving type) which satisfies all requirements as regards the properties of resistance to churning, maintenance of the oil film and low-temperature viscosity. It comprises a GTL low viscosity base oil and a Group 1 high viscosity base oil.

Abstract: A hybrid fuel grain is a solid homogenous mixture consisting of paraffin, thermoplastic adhesive, and black dye. A homogenous mixture of the three ingredients is heated in a preheated cast. The cast with the homogenous mixture therein in is placed in an oven. The temperature of the oven is reduced to a selected ambient temperature in accordance with a cooling schedule that comprises a two-step cooling process repeated until the selected ambient temperature is achieved.

Abstract: The formation in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel of ice particles having a weight average particle size greater than 1 ?m when said liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cooled to temperatures in the range of from 0 to ?50° C. can be reduced or eliminated by use of at least one surfactant that is capable of dispersing water in said liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a stable clear water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the droplet size of the dispersed water phase is no greater than 0.25 ?m.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of: (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel oil composition, containing a low-sulfur marine diesel having a sulfur content of less than 1 wt. % and (A) at least one ethylene copolymer and (B) at least one comb polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or of a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, as a fuel additive or lubricant additive; to processes for preparing additives of this kind, and to fuels and lubricants additized therewith; such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reduction or prevention of deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reduction of the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation

Abstract: The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition particularly excellent in viscosity characteristics at a low temperature. The present invention provides: a lubricating oil composition including a polymer (A) and a base oil (B), wherein the polymer (A) satisfies the following requirement (A-1), and the content ratio of the polymer (A) and the base oil (B) is such that the ratio of a resin (A) is within the range of from 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer (A) and the base oil (B). (A-1) The polymer (A) is a polymer containing a structural unit derived from an ?-olefin having 20 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: A lubricant oil composition for automotive gears includes a lubricant base oil including a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 2.0 to 6.5 mm2/s, a viscosity index of not less than 105 and a pour point of not more than ?10° C., and/or a synthetic oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1.0 to 6.5 mm2/s, a viscosity index of not less than 120 and a pour point of not more than ?30° C.; and an ethylene/?-olefin copolymer having an ethylene content of 55 to 85 mol %, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 10 to 200 mm2/s, a molecular weight distribution of not more than 2.2, and a melting point in the range of ?30° C. to ?60° C. The lubricant oil composition for automotive gears has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 4.0 to 9.0 mm2/s.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel additive composition for controlling formation of deposits and for reducing already formed deposits formed in a fuel injection system and engine, or in an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel additive composition comprises oxide derivative of (a) iso-borneol or (b) borneol, and to a method of use thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a fuel additive composition for controlling formation of deposits and for reducing already formed deposits formed in a fuel injection system and engine, or in an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel additive composition comprises (a) iso-borneol or (b) borneol, and to a method of use thereof.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus for use in microwave-assisted pyrolysis includes a microwave, a pyrolysis reactor, a microwave-absorbent bed, and a condenser. The pyrolysis reactor is located within the microwave and configured to receive a liquid input stream and to output a vapor. The microwave-absorbent bed is located within the pyrolysis reactor that converts microwave energy provided by the microwave to thermal energy to initiate pyrolysis within the pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor provides a vapor output. The condenser is configured to receive the vapor output of the pyrolysis reactor and to cool and condense the vapor into a recoverable product.

Abstract: A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising: a liquid base fuel; and a (co)polymer obtainable by (co)polymerizing at least the following monomers: •at least one bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester •optionally at least one lower-alkyl (meth)acrylate, •optionally at least one aromatic vinyl monomer, and •optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasoline. An aviation gasoline fuel blend includes an unleaded aviation gasoline base fuel, with an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Selected alkyl benzenes such as 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and/or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, or other mixtures thereof, may be used. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Aromatic amines, such as m-toluidine, may also be added to increase MON. Base fuels may be a high quality aviation alkylate, or may be a commercial iso-octane, or a mixture of high quality aviation alkylate enhanced by commercial iso-octane, and may include iso-pentane or butane or both iso-pentane and butane in sufficient quantity to provide appropriate vapor pressure for the final fuel blend.

Abstract: Diesel boiling-range fuel blends including renewable diesel, biodiesel, and petrodiesel, where the diesel boiling-range fuel blend is capable of producing a minimal volume change of at least one swellable elastomer in a diesel boiling-range fuel system are provided herein. Methods of making the diesel boiling-range fuel blend as well as methods of reducing swellable elastomer shrinkage are also provided herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to specific copolymers obtainable by co-polymerizing at least the following monomers: at least one bicyclic (meth)acrylate ester at least one lower-alkyl (meth)acrylate optionally, and preferably, at least one aromatic vinyl monomer; and optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, whereby the copolymer has a weight averaged molecular weight of from 100,000 to 10,000,000 D, determined using GPC-MALS techniques for a solution in THF at 40° C., as well as to the way to synthesize such copolymers and the use of such polymers to modify the rheology of a liquid in which they are soluble.