Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of producing calcined coke from bio-oil from a biomass feedstock. Also disclosed are calcined cokes produced by such methods.

Abstract: An emulsifying dispersant includes, as the main component, vesicles formed from an amphiphilic substance capable of self-assembly or an emulsifying dispersant comprising single particles of a biopolymer as the main component. The particles made from amphiphilic substances capable of self-assembly are used. The amphiphilic substances are selected from among polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil derivatives wherein the average number of added ethylene oxide molecule is 5 to 15, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium halides wherein the chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl is 8 to 22, and phospholipids or phospholipid derivatives. According to the invention a three-phase structure composed of an aqueous phase, an emulsifying dispersant phase and an oil phase is formed on the surface of an emulsion to give an emulsion (such as emulsion fuel) excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability.

Abstract: A system and a method for converting Natural Gas (NG) to high energy transportable liquid (such as gasoline) are disclosed. A semiconductor UV-source is used for initiate a photo lytic reaction between methane molecules and photons having energy equal or bigger than the energy of dissociation of the C—H bond in methane. The formed radicals are further react to produce higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, while hydrogen gas is separates from the reaction mixture in order to avoid reverse reactions.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: Processes are described for refining a renewable oil. The processes may include the steps of adding one or more compounds to the renewable oil to produce a soap stock in the renewable oil, and separating at least a portion of the soap stock from the renewable oil. The processes may further include adding a polymer to the separated renewable oil to produce a refined renewable oil.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing dried combustible material includes: a mixing step of mixing a number of particles made of combustible material containing moisture and a dehydrating liquid made of an emulsion containing synthetic resin to form a mixture in which surfaces of the particles are made contact with the dehydrating liquid; and a drying step of forming a synthetic resin coating made of the dehydrating liquid dried on the surfaces of the particles and evaporating the moisture of the particles, to form coated particles including the particles having a reduced moisture content percentage and the synthetic resin coating that covers the surfaces of the particles, and produce dried combustible material made up of the coated particles.

Abstract: A process for making high density fuels having the potential to increase the range and/or loiter time of Navy platforms. Derivation of these fuels from a sustainable source will decrease the carbon footprint of the Department of Defense (DoD) and reduce reliance on nonsustainable petroleum sources. Fuels derived from bisabolene can have volumetric net heats of combustion comparable to JP-10 and can be produced from biomass sugars.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: Methods of producing organic materials, and in particular methods of producing petroleum materials and organic compounds such as aromatic acids, phenols, and aliphatic poly-carboxylic acids using an oxidative hydrothermal dissolution (OHD) process are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.

Abstract: A fuel and method for conversion of sesquiterpenes to high density fuels. The sesquiterpenes can be either extracted from plants or specifically produced by bioengineered organisms from waste biomass. This approach allows for the synthesis of high performance renewable fuels.

Abstract: Oxazolidines, a process for producing the oxazolidines, and use as additives for fuels to prevent and control deposits in internal combustion engines are disclosed. The oxazolidines are derived from polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N-hydroxyalkyl succinimides and have the structural formula wherein: R is a polyakyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight ranging from 450 to 5000 daltons; m is an integer between 1 and 5; n is an integer between 0 and 1; and R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independent radicals, represented by the groups: —H, —CH2(CH2)AB, —C6H3DE or —C10H4FG; wherein: A is an integer between 0 and 8, B is a group selected among —H, —NH2, —OH, —COOH, and D, E, F, and G are independent radicals, selected among the groups: —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2(CH2)2CH3, —(CH3)3, C6H5, —NH2, —OH, —OCH3, OCH2CH2OH, OCH(CH3)CH2OH, OC6H5—COOH, and —SO3.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the use of formulations of new random copolymers and terpolymers, synthesized by a method of semi continuous emulsion polymerization, and that function as flow improvers, lowering the pour point and reducing the viscosity of Mexicans crude oils, which have gravities within the range of 9 to 30° API.

Abstract: A method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, the method comprising (i) injecting a petroleum-derived diesel fuel composition having: (a) a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm; (b) a flash point of greater than 50° C.; (c) a UV absorbance, Atotal, of less than 1.5 as determined by the formula comprising Atotal=Ax+10(Ay) wherein Ax is the UV absorbance at 272 nanometers; and wherein Ay is the UV absorbance at 310 nanometers; (d) a naphthene content of greater than 5 percent; (e) a cloud point of less than ?12° C.; (f) a nitrogen content of less than 10 ppm; and (g) a 5% distillation point of greater than 300 F and a 95% distillation point of greater than 600 F, in an advanced combustion engine; (ii) combusting the petroleum-derived diesel fuel in (i) in a combustion chamber of a non-spark ignited engine, wherein nitrogen oxide emissions are lower than those nitrogen oxide emissions when a conventional diesel fuel is employed in a non-spark ignited engine.

Abstract: Provided is a method of economically modifying low rank coal (LRC) to be high grade coal having minimized water re-absorption and minimized spontaneous ignition possibility while saving energy by coating heavy oil directly on coal without using solvent oil. Provides is a method of modifying coal using palm oil residue, including milling the coal, homogenously mixing the palm oil residue with the milled coal, melting the palm oil residue mixed with the coal so as to be coated on a surface of the coal, and simultaneously drying moisture in the coal, cooling the dried coal, and briquetting the cooled coal.

Abstract: A method of recovery of organic solvents required in the refining of coal comprising: mixing solvent, co-solvent and coal to form a slurry; thermally treating the slurry under pressure and high temperature to form a coal-extract; passing the coal-extract through a membrane under high pressure in an ultra filtration unit to achieve recovery of a major part of the solvent; contacting the remaining thick clarified liquid from the membrane with water to obtain precipitated coal in a slurry with a mixture of water and organic solvent; feeding the slurry to a filter to get clean coal of very low ash content as a residue and a mixture of water and organic solvent as a filtrate; distilling the filtrate to separate the balance of the organic solvent from the water. The application of a membrane for filtration minimizes the heat requirement to establish economy.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of expandable, exothermic gel-forming compositions that are predominately useful in the consumer products and medical industries. More particularly, it relates to the use of expandable particulate exothermic gel-forming compositions with efficient and long-lasting heat production for heating surfaces and objects without the need for electricity or combustible fuel.

Abstract: A method for producing a base oil having a high ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality by hydroisomerization dewaxing a selected Fischer-Tropsch wax under hydroisomerization conditions including a hydrogen to feed ratio from about 712.4 to about 3562 liter H2/liter oil.

Abstract: New, highly effective substantially pure Mannich detergents for use in hydrocarbon fuels reduce engine deposits in spark and compression ignition internal combustion engines. The Mannich condensation reaction products are obtainable by reacting: (i) a polyamine having primary amino groups, (ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and (iii) an aldehyde, wherein the reaction is conducted at in a molar ratio of (i):(ii):(iii) of approximately 1:2:3. The Mannich detergent compounds may be dispersed in a liquid carrier to provide a fuel additive concentrate for hydrocarbon engine fuels which effectively control engine deposit formation in intake valves, port fuel injectors and combustion chambers.