Abstract: The present invention provides the fluorine-containing elastic copolymer which is excellent in molding processability, particularly molding stability and further vulcanization properties, flowability at molding and compression set of a vulcanized rubber. The copolymer is prepared through emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride and at least one of other monomers in two polymerization stages by using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator in a very small amount of 0.001 to 0.03% by weight based on the total weight of copolymers prepared in the two stages and an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator. The present invention also provides a process for preparation thereof and a vulcanizable composition containing the same.

Abstract: Fluorinated vinyl ethers having cyanate or carbamate groups are useful as monomers in making fluoropolymers having functional sites.

Abstract: A process for making a fluoropolymer is disclosed. The process comprises solubilizing a fluoromonomer in solvent comprising a carbon dioxide fluid, and then polymerizing the fluoromonomer to produce a the fluoropolymer. A preferred solvent for carrying out the process is supercritical carbon dioxide; preferred fluoromonomers for carrying out the process are fluoroacrylate monomers such as 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate. The polymerization step is preferably carried out in the presence of an initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile.

Abstract: A polymeric blend formed from recycled carpet scrap and selected compatibilizing agents and/or a poly(ethylene-co-omylacetate) and the products produced from such blend.

Abstract: A flame retardant polyolefin composition comprises at least about 25% by weight magnesium hydroxide and, preferably, at least about 30%, at least about 5% by weight melamine and, preferably, at least about 20%, and at least about 0.5% by weight novolac and, preferably at least about 1%.

Abstract: Resins for use in chemically amplified resists are represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is t-butyl or tetrahydropyranyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; n and m are integers; and the ratio n/((m+n) ranges from 0.1 to 0.9. Methods for manufacturing the resins comprise reacting a monomer represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## with a monomer represented by the formula (III): ##STR3## to form a copolymer represented by the formula (IV): ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as above; and hydrolyzing acetoxy groups contained in the copolymer represented by the formula (IV) to form the resin compositions.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising:(a) from 0.05 to 20 mol % of polymer units based on at least one fluorinated comonomer selected from the group consisting of fluorinated comonomers of the following formulae (1), (2) and (3):X--R.sup.f --CY.dbd.CH.sub.2 (1)X--R.sup.f --O--CF.dbd.CF.sub.2 (2)CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --(O--CF(CF.sub.3)--CF.sub.2).sub.m --O--CF.dbd.CF.sub.2 (3)wherein Y is a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom, R.sup.f is a C.sub.2-12 bivalent fluorinated organic group, X is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a hydrogen atom, n is an integer of from 0 to 3, and m is an integer of from 1 to 4,(b) from 30 to 85 mol % of polymer units based on tetrafluoroethylene,(c) from 1 to 30 mol % of polymer units based on propylene, and(d) from 5 to 68.5 mol % of polymer units based on vinylidene fluoride.

Abstract: Fluoroelastomers substantially free from polar end groups, comprising vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and/or tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and at least another fluorinated ethylenically unsaturated monomer. They are characterized by an high thermal stability, an optimal processability and curing easiness, without giving rise to pre-crosslinking phenomena and moreover they do not require prolonged post-curing treatments. Such flurooelastomers are advantageously prepared by copolymerization of the corresponding monomers in aqueous emulsion in the presence of ultraviolet-visible radiation (UV-VIS) and of an organic peroxide.

Abstract: Amorphous copolymer of fluoromonomer, such as tetrafluoroethylene, with vinyl ester, such as vinyl acetate, having a substantially uniform composition is made by aqueous dispersion polymerization by maintaining essentially constant the proportion of the fluoromonomer and vinyl ester copolymerizing with one another. In one embodiment, this proportion consistency is obtained by reducing the agitation rate of the aqueous polymerization medium during the copolymerization reaction at constant fluoromonomer feed pressure within the polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A process for preparing a deodorized resin for a dry toner which comprises: (a) polymerizing an aromatic vinylic monomer and an acrylic monomer in the presence of a molecular weight-controlling agent, an initiator and an emulsifier using a two-step emulsion polymerization process to obtain a latex having a bimodal molecular weight distribution; and (b) treating the latex with an oil-soluble peroxide.

Abstract: Novel mixtures of perfluoroalkyl halides and derivatives thereof are described. These mixtures contain some compounds with a straight perfluoroalkyl group and some with a branched perfluoroalkyl group. Methods of preparation and use are also described.

Abstract: This invention is based upon the discovery that the characteristics of toner resins made by emulsion polymerization can be improved by utilizing diacid cycloaliphatic emulsifiers in the synthesis thereof. Toner resins which are made utilizing such diacid cycloaliphatic emulsifiers do not exhibit significant electrical charge effects from the residual level of soap in the resin compared to resins made using standard soaps; such as, rosin acid soaps and fatty acid soaps. They also generally contain a lower level of ash since salts do not need to be used in their coagulation. As a result of the low level of ash, the toner resin made from the diacid soap exhibits excellent resistance to moisture sensitivity and adsorption. This feature gives the toners made from these resins better electrical charge stability compared to resins made from conventional soaps since adsorbed moisture is known to neutralize electrical charges. Toners made from these resins also exhibit greatly improved adhesion to paper.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a vinyl resin by suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound in the presence of a suspending agent (A) which comprises using a polymerization vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and adding a polyvinyl alcohol (B) having a degree of hydrolysis of at most 85 mol % in an amount of 0.001 to 0.5 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said vinyl compound when a polymerization conversion is in the range of 30 to 90%.According to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a vinyl resin having a high bulk density, which is excellent in anti-foaming effect against the dry foam being generated in the middle to latter period of the suspension polymerization in a polymerization vessel equipped with a reflux condenser which is excellent in productivity.

Abstract: Resins for use in chemically amplified resists are represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is t-butyl or tetrahydropyranyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; n and m are integers; and the ratio n/((m+n) ranges from 0.1 to 0.9. Methods for manufacturing the resins comprise reacting a monomer represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## with a monomer represented by the formula (III): ##STR3## to form a copolymer represented by the formula (IV): ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as above; and hydrolyzing acetoxy groups contained in the copolymer represented by the formula (IV) to form the resin compositions.

Abstract: This invention concerns polymers, having fluoroalkoxy side chains, which are made by a novel process comprising reacting a polymer containing hydroxyl groups, especially poly(vinyl alcohol), with a fluorinated olefin in the presence of a base. The resulting polymers are useful in coatings, as in optical wave guides, and antireflective coatings and in other optical devices.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel polymer comprising a recurring unit of formula. (1) wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or acid labile group, at least one R.sup.2 being hydrogen and at least one R.sup.2 being an acid labile group, and n=2 or 3. The polymer's Mw is 3,000-300,000. Blending the polymer as a base resin with an organic solvent and a photoacid generator yields a chemically amplified positive resist composition.

Abstract: A process is described for increasing the viscosity and high humidity curl retention of aqueous solutions of homogeneous copolymers of 20-99% vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and 1-80% N-3,3-dimethylamino-propyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA). The high viscosity solutions are particularly useful as the active component of hair care products.

Abstract: A process for producing a microporous oil sorbent polymer comprising the steps of:dissolving a polyunsaturated monomer in a silicone organic solvent to provide a monomer mixture containing more than 90% by weight polyunsaturated monomer;polymerizing said monomers by precipitation polymerization, under an inert atmosphere to precipitate microporous, micro-particles in the form of micro-particles, agglomerates and aggregates having a bulk density of about 0.02 gm/cm.sup.3 to about 0.1 gm/cm.sup.3 and capable of adsorbing at least about 20% by weight organic materials based on the total weight of polymer plus adsorbed organic material.

Abstract: A method for conformance control of a reservoir comprising injecting into a zone of the reservoir an aqueous solution of a co-polymer comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer and at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated ester formed from a hydroxy compound of the formula ROH wherein R is a selected alkyl group, alkenyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group or such groups substituted with from 1 to 3 hydroxyl, ether or thio ether groups or a heterocyclic or selected heterocyclic alkylene group and at least one hetereatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur and a selected alkenoic or aralkenoic carboxylic acid or sulfonic or phosphoric acid together with a crosslinking agent comprising a multi-valent metal ion capable of crosslinking an acrylic acid polymer to form a viscous gel.

Abstract: This invention provides a taste masking composition composed of clove oil and either supportive flavor components or calcium carbonate. This taste masking composition has been found to be particularly useful to mask unpalatable medicinals in formulations which are intended to be chewed, dissolve in the mouth prior to ingestion or ingested in solution.