Abstract: Passed through a chamber holding a non-oxidizing atmosphere substantially horizontally, a steel strip is continuously coated on one side only with a molten coating metal. An electromagnetic pump imparts a thrust to the molten coating metal on the entry side of a guide so as to form a stream of the molten metal rising above the bath surface on the exit side of the guide. The rising molten metal stream contacts the bottom surface of the strip to form a film of the coating metal thereon. Provision is made to offer less flow resistance to the rising stream widthwise then lengthwise, so that the molten coating metal flows positively toward both edges of the strip.

Abstract: To improve the solderability of the terminals or connections of integrated circuit components (IC-components) with parallel connection rows these must be pre-tin plated. An apparatus is disclosed which immerses the connections or terminals to be pre-tin plated as deeply as possible into the solder bath without exposing the components to impermissible thermal loads. This is obtained in that the components which are to be initially or pre-tin plated are tilted about an axis extending parallel to the terminal or connection row in a manner such that the connections of a row are simultaneously immersed into the solder bath.

Abstract: A method of coating an optical waveguide filament employing a die body having an at least partly tapered central aperture and radial means for introducing coating material to the central aperture is disclosed. The method includes exposing the optical waveguide filament to the coating material within the tapered aperture of the die body. The die body and an apparatus for coating the filament is also disclosed.

Abstract: The surface treatment is carried out by employing an apparatus comprising a vessel and a holed container rotatably equipped in said vessel.Materials to be treated are filled into said holed container of said apparatus then treating liquids and/or washing liquids are charged in order into said holed container according to the treatment process and said holed container is driven to rotate thus treating liquids and/or washing liquids contact whole surface of said materials and the treatment is carried out. After the treatment, treating liquids and/or washing liquids are effectively removed from the surface of said materials by the centrifugal force accompanying with the rotation of said holed container.

Abstract: A cathode for use in electrolysis comprising (1) a substrate of iron or an alloy thereof; (2) a compact interlayer of Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 formed on the substrate, and (3) a coating of activating nickel comprising principally nickel or an alloy thereof formed on the Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 layer. In another embodiment, the interlayer (2) may be heat-treated to convert a part of the interlayer (2) into a nickel ferrite. The cathode is especially suitable for use in the electrolysis of an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, using an ion exchange membrane method.

Abstract: A metal surface, particularly a tinplate surface of a can for canned food, is treated by contact with a solution containing a zirconium compound, particularly ammonium zirconium carbonate or zirconium acetate. An inorganic salt may also be present in the solution. The concentration of the zirconium compound, calculated as ZrO.sub.2, is in the range between 0.1 and 10% w/w. The surface is thereafter heated to a temperature in the range between 20.degree. and 300.degree. C. until it is dry. The surface may be cleaned prior to contact with the solution. In this way a coating is provided on the surface which improves the stain resistance of the surface.

Abstract: A process and method for the formation of novel colloidal catalytic electroless plating compositions comprising the admixture of at least one primary colloid stabilizer which otherwise renders the colloidal dispersion highly stable however weakly active with at least one secondary colloid stabilizer (or reactivity modifier) thereby activating the colloidal dispersion to a more active state when used in the catalytic treatment of non-conductors prior to electroless (chemical) plating.

Abstract: The invention refers to new compositions for protecting steel surfaces from the oxidizing action of atmosphere.The essential components are: glucosides of pyrogallic and/or allagic acid of molecular weight between 270 and 1200; phosphoric acid, phosphates of bivalent transition metals such as Zn and Mn and nitrates of bivalent metals such as Zn and Mn.

Abstract: This invention relates to portable apparatus capable of being transported to a work site and which uses mechanical energy to lay down on a surface a solid metallurgically integrated massive metal coating that cannot be confused with paints, sprays or the like. The coating can be compared with hot dip galvanized coatings or electroplate coatings and done in tumbling barrels in industrial plants for years and sold under the trademarks Dyko and Peen Plate. The invention also relates to plating methods utilizing portable apparatus.The invention relates to different types of apparatus useful for various purposes such as the repairing by galvanizing of small rust spots on cars, the regilding of jewelry with tiny brushes rigidly mounted or equipped with ball and socket type joints, the plating of bridges, tanks, transmission towers, structural shapes, and large scale industrial uses.The invention also relates to the use of disposable pads especially adapted for the small time user.

Abstract: To increase the corrosion resistance of nitrided structural parts made of iron materials which are useful for all types of iron and steel there is carried out an oxidation treatment in connection with the nitriding process. The oxidation treatment is carried out for 15 to 50 minutes in an oxidizing salt bath. The salt bath preferably consists of alkali hydroxides with 2 to 20% of alkali nitrates.

Abstract: A process for phosphating a metal surface to be electrocoated, which comprises treating the metal surface with an acidic phosphating solution comprising a zinc compound in a concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 g/l as zinc ion, a phosphate in a concentration of 5 to 30 g/l as phosphate ion and a nitrite in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.2 g/l as nitrite ion and/or an aromatic nitro compound in a concentration of 0.05 to 2 g/l in water at a temperature of 40 to 70.degree. C. first by dipping for not less than 15 seconds and then by spraying for not less than 2 seconds.

Abstract: This relates to the hydrophilization of metal surfaces and/or metal oxide surfaces. In the forming of sheet metal by drawing and wall ironing methods, in the past it has been necessary to provide lubricants so as to not only protect the metal, but also to hold down friction noises. The lubricants are difficult to remove and require expensive washing processes after the forming operation. It has been found that an hydroxide of the metal involved may be readily generated on the surface so that the surface is easily wetted by water, for example, and thereby conventional lubricants are eliminated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coating a substrate with a thin film of material. The coating material is converted to a mist by means of an ultrasonic nebulizer and transported by a carrier gas to a chamber which contains the substrate where the mist is allowed to settle onto the substrate under the force of gravity. Sonic means are also provided to increase the settling rate of the mist droplets to lessen the settling time. Means are also provided to maintain the volume and concentration of the coating material in the nebulizer chamber over successive coatings.

Abstract: Chromized nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys have alphachrome phase formed during chromizing, and the amount of that phase is diminished by one or more treatments with alkali-permanganate solution and intervening removal of permanganate reaction product film as by acid dip. A kit of such solutions can be prepared. Low-alloy steel steam boiler tubing can have chromized interior and aluminized exterior, and long lengths chromized without a perfectly sealed retort around it can have end caps fitted with extra pack to reduce oxygen penetration to interior. Chain saw cutter blades can be chromized and carburized. Stripping of aluminized coatings from super-alloys with fluoride-containing nitric acid solution is improved by follow-up treatment with fluoride-free nitric acid solution.

Abstract: A compound comprising molybdenum disulfide emulsified in a resin of the para phenyl phenol formaldehyde group, diluted in a vehicle of the methylbenzene group in a homogenized emulsion is deposited onto metal surfaces preheated to a surface temperature of 350.degree. to 500.degree. F. The heat stored in the metal promotes quick evaporation of the benzene vehicle while the resin sets. The cure and evaporation of the carrier may be further promoted by baking the coated article in an oven at a temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. F.

Abstract: In this process there is determined, as a function of the conditions of the environment or other conditions, the distance from the surface of the bath at which the temperature of the zinc coating on the sheet or strip is in the range in which the zinc passes through a liquid-solid transitory state which is characterized by its friability. There is exerted at this point a mechanical action on at least one of the sides of the sheet or strip so as to completely remove away the whole of the non-alloyed zinc and allow to remain only a thin iron-zinc alloy coating whose thickness is between 1 and 2 .mu.m, which represents an amount of alloy of between 7 and 15 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A process and material for treating metal handling and shaping devies with a material containing sub micron sized particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetraring and lubricating coating on the metal handling and shaping devices so as to maintain a smooth surface condition capable of resisting adhesion of contaminates thereto and the build up of foreign materials thereon.

Abstract: A composition and a method for applying a lubricant coating to clean metal surfaces prior to subjecting them to metal forming operations. The composition comprises a concentrate which is adapted to be diluted with water, if desired, to produce an aqueous acidic operating bath containing a controlled effective amount of phosphate ions to form a phosphate coating on the clean metal surface in combination with an emulsified organic lubricant agent, an emulsifying agent and an aqueous soluble organic corrosion inhibiting agent. The coating composition may further optionally contain a controlled amount of heavy metal cations for activating the coating bath. The coating composition is applied to a clean metal surface such as by flooding, immersion, spraying, or the like, at temperatures from ambient up to about 200.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to effect a desired coating magnitude whereafter the parts are dried, preferably at elevated temperatures before forming.

Abstract: A composition and a method for applying a lubricant coating to clean metal surfaces prior to subjecting them to metal forming operations. The composition comprises a concentrate which is adapted to be diluted with water, if desired, to produce an aqueous acidic operating bath containing a controlled effective amount of phosphate ions to form a phosphate coating on the clean metal surface in combination with an emulsified organic lubricant agent, an emulsifying agent and an iron chelating agent. The coating composition may further optionally contain a controlled amount of a corrosion inhibiting agent and heavy metal cations for activating the coating bath. The coating composition is applied to a clean metal surface such as by flooding, immersion, spraying, or the like, at temperatures from ambient up to about 200.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to effect a desired coating magnitude whereafter the parts are dried, preferably at elevated temperatures before forming.

Abstract: A method for "hot end" coating of vitreous articles, and particularly glassware such as bottles, with zinc oxide and magnesium oxide coatings from aqueous solutions of organic and inorganic zinc compounds, magnesium compounds, and mixtures thereof. Particularly useful are zinc acetate and magnesium acetate, which are applied to the vitreous surface at an elevated temperature, and preferably between about 425.degree. C. and 650.degree. C., to evaporate the water from the solution and pyrolytically decompose the metal compound or compounds to form refractory oxide coatings which are transparent and adherent, and articles coated by such a method.