Abstract: In a sound post of a musical instrument of a violin family, at least one end thereof is formed into a converged configuration. Most preferably, the sound post has a shape having a linear ridge line, and the sound post is placed in contact with the belly by a straight line in a direction substantially perpendicularly intersecting a direction of a bowstring.

Abstract: A transfer imaging system is disclosed wherein images are formed by image-wise exposing a layer comprising a chromogenic material and pressure rupturable capsules containing, as an internal phase, a photosensitive composition. In a preferred embodiment, the chromogenic material is encapsulated with the photosensitive composition. Upon exposure and capsule rupture the chromogenic material is image-wise transferrable to a developer or copy sheet where the chromogenic material reacts with a developer to form an image. Preferred systems are sensitive to U.V. or blue light in the wavelength range of 380 to 480 nm.

Abstract: Apparatus for making prints of exposed and developed film frames on discrete sheets of photographic paper and for developing the sheets has a copying station for successive exposed and developed film frames and a printing station where a discrete sheet of photographic paper receives an image of the frame at the copying station. A platform at the printing station carries a turntable which can change (when necessary) the orientation of a sheet, e.g., through 90.degree., to thus properly position a larger or smaller sheet for reception of the image. The turntable can receive sheets which are severed from different webs of unexposed photographic material, and each such web has a different width. The turntable can attract a sheet by suction during turning and/or during exposure. Such turntable can cooperate with one or more conveyors to maintain a sheet at the printing station in a predetermined plane during imaging of a film frame.

Abstract: A film end holder includes a rectangular and hollow main body and a guide plate projected upward from the main body. First and second film end holders are attached to both sides of the work table of a photographic printer. The trailing end portion of a developed photographic film is inserted in the main body of the first film end holder while the leading end portion is inserted in the passage of the film carrier of the work table. Accordingly, in the beginning of printing, the developed photographic film is looped between the first film end holder and the film carrier. The leading end portion being advanced from the film carrier during printing is guided by a guide plate to enter the main body of the second film end holder. Thereafter, a loop is formed between the film carrier and the second film end holder. Therefore, the photographic film will never be brought into contact with the floor and is thus protected from dust and scratches.

Abstract: Efficient, lower weight, more versatile rear projection screens can be produced by combining in laminated form an unmodified clear matrix resin layer with a second sheet containing light diffusing polymer particles of specific size and size distribution.

Abstract: An imaging method for imaging a fine pattern having linear features extending along orthogonal first and second directions is disclosed, which method is characterized by: providing a light source having decreased intensity portions at a center thereof and on first and second axes defined to intersect with each other at the center and defined along the first and second directions, respectively; and illuminating the pattern with light from the light source.

Abstract: A strobe device is provided having a light emitting unit which emits light and a condenser lens which converges strobe light from the light emitting unit onto an object to be taken by a photographing lens. At least one of the light emitting unit and the condenser lens is movable between a normal illuminating position, in which the direction of illumination of the strobe light is parallel with the optical axis of the photographing lens, and a macro-illuminating position, in which the direction of illumination of the strobe light is inclined towards the optical axis of the photographing lens.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus comprises a light source for emitting a light beam for exposure; an illumination optical system comprising optical fiber bundle portion including a plurality of bundled optical fibers having an entrance plane to which a light beam exiting from the exposing light source is incident, and a little optical fiber bundle portion including a plurality of little optical fiber bundles respectively having an outgoing plane; and an projection exposure system for projecting a light beam passing through the illumination optical system and transmitting a mask or a reticle onto an object to be exposed as a pattern image of the mask or the reticle.

Abstract: An illumination system for use in a unit magnification optical projection system (such as a Half-Field Dyson system) is provided. In a Half-Field Dyson system, a reticle and a wafer are parallel to each other with a window being provided on the reticle to allow for projection of the reticle pattern onto the wafer. The present invention provides uniform bright illumination over the reticle pattern with little or no spill over through the reticle window.

Abstract: In a selectable data recording mode for setting freely selectable character data and for recording them on a photographic film concurrently with photographing, an array of characters is displayed as data to be revised. One of these characters is designated to be changed by shifting the position of blinking along a linear display. Thereafter, upon depression of a key, a plurality of character groups of various kinds are displayed from one kind to another in a predetermined sequence. When a desired kind of character group is displayed, a desired one of character groups of this kind is selected by another key, and a character to be set is selected from among the one group. Each time a character to be set is selected, the character is temporarily stored in a memory, and the character data to be revised are displayed so as to designate the next character to be changed and, thereafter, the character groups are displayed so as to permit selecting a new character to be set.

Abstract: In the improved method for projection a stereoscopic image, an additional lenticular sheet that has an appropriate level difference and a different pitch of lenticular lenses than a lenticular recording material such as a lenticular light-sensitive material is either placed directly on top of said lenticular recording material or inserted above and in the vicinity of said lenticular recording material, with said additional lenticular sheet being preferably moved either in one direction or reciprocally in a direction generally perpendicular to its own generatrix. This method can be implemented with the improved apparatus for printing a stereoscopic photograph. Using the improved method and apparatus, the development of moire can be suppressed and, at the same time, the line width of linear image elements to be recorded can be easily expanded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for patterning a photoresist layer, with an enhanced depth of focus, is disclosed. The photoresist layer is exposed in a projection system which includes a lens having a chromatic aberration coefficient. Several closely spaced, narrow bands of radiation from an excimer are used to irradiate a mask. Each band is focused on the photoresist layer at a different focal plane along the light axis, thereby providing an increased depth of focus in a single exposure.

Abstract: A snare drum having an improved resonant, sensitive and harmonic sound. The snare drum comprises a head end, a snare end is substantially circular at its head end while being increasingly larger in transverse cross-sectional shape proceeding from the head end towards the snare end. An indentation adjacent the head end allows a drum skin to be positioned within a hoop and tightened to secure the skin and hoop without binding.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus is provided with a light source generating pulsed light, a rotary deflecting prism for deviating the light beam from the light source, fly's eye lenses for forming surface light sources in succession by thus deviated light beam, and a condenser lens for condensing the light from the fly's eye lens for illuminating the reticle. The pulsed light from the light source is alternately introduced into the fly's eye lenses by every pulse or by every plural number of pulses.

Abstract: A compact Galilean-type zoom finder suitable for compact cameras, and the like whose zoom ratio is about 2. The zoom finder is comprised of four units having negative, negative, positive and negative refractive powers in order from an object side and a movable fixed aperture framing window. The first and the fourth lens units are fixed and the second and the third lens units are moved to perform zooming. The moving framing window helps to delineate the field of view.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus includes a light source, a condenser lens for condensing illumination light emanating from the light source onto a mask including a circuit pattern, a projection lens for condensing the illumination light that has passed through the mask onto a surface of a wafer, and a polarizer for converting the illumination light into linearly polarized light so that an inclined surface on the surface of the wafer is illuminated only with p-polarized light. It may also be arranged such that a single polarizer is not fixed in the optical path of the illumination light and a polarizer suited to an exposure process is selected from a plurality of polarizers and used. In that case, a device selectively positions one of a plurality of polarizers in the optical path of the illumination light so that an inclined surface on the surface of the wafer is illuminated only with p-polarized light.

Abstract: In an apparatus for scanning an original image-bearing sheet, including a transparent sheet-retaining plate, below which are a sheet-scanning optical system, a size-detection arm having sensors for measuring an original sheet retained on the plate, and a blower for introducing cooling air into the space under the plate, airstream guides which divert and redirect the cooling air flowing from the blower are provided on the size-detection arm. The airstream guides properly distribute the cooling air beneath the plate, whereby the plate is efficiently cooled.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for securing a sheet of photographic material in position on a plate during exposure to a source of radiation includes configuring a flexible vacuum blanket substantially to the shape of a rigid template that forms surface recesses in a selected pattern to facilitate the evacuation of air from beneath the vacuum blanket, and then reconfiguring the surface of the vacuum blanket to smooth condition by relieving vacuum between the blanket and the template to promote substantially continuous contact with the sheet and plate. The sheet may be exposed to a source of radiation through the plate or, after removing the template, through the vacuum blanket which may be formed of transparent polymer material.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus comprises a first optical integrator and a second optical integrator which are replaceably arranged. The second optical integrator is structured to provide substantially the same number of secondary light sources as the first optical integrator but with the different size of surface light source formed by these second light sources. Further, the structure is arranged so that it has an aperture number on the emission side, which is equal to the aperture number of the first optical integrator on its emission side. Hence, the illuminance evenness is not degraded even when the .sigma. value is significantly varied.

Abstract: A casing for a projection screen and a motorized projection screen system and method for controlling the same are disclosed herein. The casing includes a fascia and endcaps which are affixed to the casing spine without the use of tools thereby providing easy access to the working components housed within the casing and providing flexibility to the consumer in the appearance of the casing. The motorized projection screen system includes a roller having a projection screen attached thereto and a reversible motor operatively connected to the roller such that rotation of the motor causes the roller to rotate and the projection screen to be raised or lowered. The system also includes a biasing mechanism operatively connected to the roller such that rotation of the roller to lower the projection screen biases the roller toward rotation in the opposite direction. The biasing mechanism reduces the power requirements of the reversible motor of the system as it assists in lifting the weight of the projection screen.