Abstract: An oriented ferroelectric liquid crystal in the chiral smectic C phase with the smectic planes normal to bounding plates of a cell is interspersed with polymer which stabilizes and freezes the arrangement of the liquid crystal. The polymer which stabilizes the liquid crystal is formed by a method which includes introducing a mixture of a monomer and a ferroelectric liquid crystal between cell walls when the liquid crystal is in the isotropic phase, cooling the liquid crystal to a chiral nematic or smectic phase, and polymerizing the monomer. The cooling of the mixture can be done in the presence of a magnetic or electric field.

Abstract: Surface Stability Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device having color filters assembled therein avoids generation of alignment defect ocurring in the initial alignment control step by providing space of 0-5 microns between adjacent color filters.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal (3) between parallel plates (1, 2) as used e.g. for optical filters. The previously unavoidable interference through faulty disinclination is eliminated in that the cholesteric liquid crystal is mixed with a nematic or smectic liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy and the cell is subjected to an electric field directed at right angles to the plates.

Abstract: Liquid crystal polymer matrix displays are disclosed, one of which is capable of changing from a first color to a second color and shades of color therebetween, and the other of which is capable of changing from a first color to a true colorless state and to lower intensities of said first color. Droplets of liquid crystal material containing a dye mixture comprising a positive order parameter dye and a negative order parameter dye, or a positive order parameter dye and a zero order parameter dye, or a negative order parameter dye and a zero order parameter dye, are dispersed in the polymer matrix. The color changes are attained by varying the magnitude of an electric field across the polymer matrix. The optic axes of the liquid crystal material can be partially of fully aligned in one direction during the curing of the polymer matrix thereby enhancing possible color changes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the formation of arrays of thin film transistors (TFT's) on silicon substrates and the dicing and tiling of such substrates for transfer to a common module body. TFT's activate display electrodes formed adjacent the transistors after the tiles have been transferred.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for controlling a wave front of a coherent light including at least a coherent light source, an electrically addressable liquid crystal device having a plurality of pixels receiving the light from said light source, and a signal generator for recording a complex amplitude distribution or hologram on the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal electro-optical device is offered which can operate at high speeds and easily oriented. The value of the surface tension of liquid crystal-orienting layers is 40 dynes/cm or more, and these layers are rubbed in antiparallel directions to each other. This reduces the pretilt angle of the molecules of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates. The anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the nematic liquid crystal is positive. The interval between the substrates is 5 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a liquid crystal cell including a plurality of pixels aligned on a plurality of lines and rows, each of the pixels composed of a pair of electrodes and liquid crystals provided between the pair of electrodes; and an optical unit including high-refractive portions positioned corresponding to the pixels, and low-refractive portions positioned next to the high-refractive portions on a plane, the high-refractive portions and the low-refractive portions having the refractive indexes the ratio between which satisfies the condition for total reflection of incident light. Another embodiment is a liquid crystal device comprising two liquid crystal cells wherein each of the cells exhibit monostable orientation.

Abstract: This invention provides smectic liquid crystal cells with lateral electrodes. The effective change in refractive index with field-induced tilting of the liquid crystal molecules is increased by providing an angle between the direction of propagation of light and the direction of the molecular directors at zero applied field. For homeotropically aligned liquid crystals this is accomplished by inclining the incident light beam at an oblique angle to the device surface. For tilted layer cells the liquid crystal layers are tilted and the light can impinge at normal incidence. This invention further provides Fabry-Perot filters utilizing lateral electrode liquid crystal cells.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device including a pair of substrates each having an electrode, one of the substrates being subjected to an uniaxially-orienting treatment (one direction orientation treatment), and the other being subjected to no uniaxially-orienting treatment, and a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material interposed between the substrates is disclosed. The layer includes a liquid crystal region in which stripe patterns occur by application of an alternating electric field to the liquid crystal to scatter light incident to the device. A method of driving a ferroelectric liquid crystal device is also disclosed. The tone and intensity of the incident light can be controlled by controlling a voltage and/or frequency of the alternating electric field in accordance with the method.

Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulator having a multilayer-type photo conductive layer with a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transport layer having a large mobility. The light modulator also utilizes a liquid crystal composite layer including a transparent resin having a refractive index equal to the refractive index of the liquid crystal. The photoconductive layer and the liquid crystal layer are fixed to each other and the transparent electrodes are fixed to the two opposite sides of these layers. Utilizing the present invention an optically addressed spatial modulator is produced which can write with spectral light such as an infrared ray emitted from a semiconductor laser. The modulator has excellent qualities of sensitivity, light transmittance, hardness and spatial uniformity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal device comprising a pair of transparent substrates, transparent conductive films respectively disposed on the inner surfaces of the transparent substrates, and containment means containing a liquid crystal material in gaps interposed between the transparent conductive films, wherein an average refractive index (n.sub.a) of the liquid crystal material, a refractive index (n.sub.b) of the containment means, a total surface quantity (S) [.mu.m.sup.-1 ] of the gaps, and a distance (t) [.mu.m] between the transparent conductive films satisfy the following equation,.vertline.n.sub.a -n.sub.b .vertline..times.S.times.t.gtoreq.4.2.

Abstract: An active liquid crystal multi-colored display panel structure comprised of triangular triads of colored display pixels which are rotated 90.degree.. The display comprises a plurality of colored pixel electrodes arranged in rows and columns to form a matrix, wherein a row control line is provided every 1.5 rows of electrodes, and wherein three column control lines are provided for each two columns of electrodes. Thus, a matrix of 720.times.720 pixel electrodes requires 480 row control lines and 1080 column signal lines. The active liquid crystal display structure can be directly driven by a video source such that 480 active lines of video signal can be mapped directly onto the 720 rows of pixel elements. A switching circuit is provided for controlling the arrangement of R, G and B pixel signals to the column source lines. The triads of pixel elements provided are rotated 90.degree.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid crystal polarizer includes casting an emulsion of liquid crystal material with pleochroic dye in a containment medium, and forming elongate volumes of said liquid crystal material and pleochroic dye in said containment medium. A liquid crystal polarizer device includes liquid crystal material having low birefringence, a containment medium for containing said liquid crystal material in elongate volumes, and means in combination with said liquid crystal material for affecting polarization of light incident thereon; the liquid crystal material being responsive to a prescribed input to change the optical polarization characteristic of the device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, includes the steps of: forming thin film transistors TFTs, pixel electrodes connected to the TFTs, and electrode lines connected to the TFTs, respectively on a surface of a first substrate; forming a common electrode on a surface of a second substrate which is not subjected to any orientation process, the first substrate having no orientation means; forming an orientation film on the common electrode on the second substrate and performing a rubbing process only on the orientation film on the second substrate wherein the first substrate is not subjected to a rubbing process; disposing the first and second substrates to face each other and to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and injecting a nematic liquid crystal material that is in an isotropic phase thereof, which is heated to at least a phase transition temperature that provides an isotropic phase of said liquid crystal material, said liquid crystal material being injected in bet

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix. The matrix is formed by five rows and three columns. A pixel at a predetermined position is bisected.

Abstract: A display panel is formed using a single crystal thin-film transistors that are transferred to substrates for display fabrication. Pixel arrays form light valves or switches that can be fabricated with control electronics in the thin-film material prior to transfer. The resulting circuit panel is then incorporated into a projection display system with a light emitting or liquid crystal material to provide the desired light valve.

Abstract: A display device is constituted by disposing a first display layer and a second display layer between a pair of electrode plates including at least one transparent electrode plate. The first display layer contains a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound dispersed in or impregnating a polymer matrix. The second display layer is formed by disposing a diffraction grating and being filled with the low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound. The display device is incorporated in a display apparatus to effect a good display with a high contrast ratio.

Abstract: This invention provides a multipass Solc filter which utilizes liquid crystal variable retarders to provide high resolution and tunability. The Solc polarization-interference effects are used synergistically with the Fabry-Perot cavity resonances. The cavity comprises a central retarder, two quarter wave plates, and an optional isotropic spacer. The central retarder or the isotropic spacer can include liquid crystal cells to provide tuning of the Solc envelope or the cavity resonances respectively. In one embodiment the variable retarder is a three element quarter-half-quarter device with a liquid crystal electro-optically rotatable half-wave plate. Reflection mode configurations are introduced wherein, because of the bilateral symmetry of the Solc filter, it is possible to use only half of the intracavity elements. Criteria for designing filter parameters to meet resolution, out-of-band discrimination, and tuning range requirements are provided.