Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device including a pair of substrates each having an electrode, one of the substrates being subjected to an uniaxially-orienting treatment (one direction orientation treatment), and the other being subjected to no uniaxially-orienting treatment, and a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material interposed between the substrates is disclosed. The layer includes a liquid crystal region in which stripe patterns occur by application of an alternating electric field to the liquid crystal to scatter light incident to the device. A method of driving a ferroelectric liquid crystal device is also disclosed. The tone and intensity of the incident light can be controlled by controlling a voltage and/or frequency of the alternating electric field in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element of optical writing type, includes: a first transparent substrate; a first transparent electrode layer formed on the first transparent substrate; a photoconductive layer formed on the first transparent electrode layer; a light absorbing layer formed on the photoconductive layer; a light reflecting layer formed on the light absorbing layer and composed of a macro molecular film of cholesteric liquid crystal; a second transparent substrate; a second transparent electrode layer formed on the second transparent substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the second transparent electrode layer and the light reflecting layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to optical elements based on helical liquid-crystalline substances, having reflection bands of linear-polarized light, and to a process for preparing the same. The optical elements of this invention contain only one optically effective component based on helical liquid-crystalline substances. They reflect light incident perpendicular to the surface in a linear-polarized manner parallel to the direction of incidence of the incident light. The process for preparing the optical elements comprises illuminating a helical liquid-crystalline substance which contains at least one photoisomerizable substance with linear-polarized light in such a manner that this substance is subsequently aligned so that it exhibits at least one reflection band of linear-polarized light on illumination. Suitable helical liquid-crystalline substances are in particular organopolysiloxanes. The optical elements are suitable, for example, for data storage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal matrix panel for displaying information having a plurality of liquid crystal pixels which are arranged in a matrix and to which driving voltages are applied from X electrodes and Y electrodes, a driving circuit for supplying the driving voltages to the Y electrodes, and a circuit for superimposing a compensating voltage for masking waveform distortion of a liquid crystal driving voltage by constantly changing the waveform thereof on at least one of the X electrode driving circuit and the Y electrode driving circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image projector of the type in which an LCD matrix screen is illuminated by two polarized beams after 90.degree. rotation of the direction of polarization of one of these two beams. Each of the two polarized beams is reflected at least once towards an optical axis on which the matrix screen is centered and at least once again towards the matrix screen. Furthermore, the image projector has means to make each beam polarized, so that each polarized beam forms an image of the light source before illuminating the matrix screen. The two polarized beams may thus be oriented towards the matrix screen in forming a small angle with one another, thus enabling the use of a projection objective with a small aperture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electro-optical devices is described. The method comprises steps of forming a first electrode arrangement on a substrate, coating an electro-optical modulating layer comprising a liquid crystal on the substrate over the first electrode arrangement and forming a second electrode arrangement on the electro-optical modulating layer. The electro-optical modulating layer is prepared by dispersing a liquid crystal in a pre-polymer which can be cured by UV light or other suitable procedures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of oppositely spaced substrate each having on its opposite surface a group of stripe electrodes disposed to intersect with those disposed on the other substrate, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to be driven by a voltage applied through the stripe electrodes. The group of stripe electrodes on at least one of the pair of substrates are formed through a lithographic step including dividing the stripe electrodes into at least two divisions at a line parallel (or perpendicular) to the extension of the stripe electrodes, and repeating a pattern exposure for each division of the stripe electrodes so as to dispose a joint between the divisions of the stripe electrodes at a non-display part including a spacing between two stripe electrode on the same substrate (or at a part in alignment with a non-display part including a spacing between two stripe electrodes on the opposite substrate).

Abstract: Creation of DC fields in a liquid crystal light valve caused a DC induced transient optical phenomenon in which output brightness level undergoes a change as the DC fields are redistributed within the liquid crystal light valve. Adverse effects of the DC induced transient optical output are minimized by employing a liquid crystal material of greatly decreased resistivity, which reduces the time constant of the liquid crystal device, making it comparable to the response time of the liquid crystal material itself.

Abstract: There is provided a surface luminous source panel comprising an irregular reflection layer carrying on it a large number of irregular reflector specks and arranged on the surface of a transparent substrate. The reflection layer has a parallel pattern section having an area of irregular reflector specks per unit length of the layer which smoothly increases with the distance from a light source along the panel; and a regulating pattern section located close to the light source and partially surrounded by the parallel pattern section. The regulating pattern section has a hill-shaped contour starting from the edge close to the light source and an area of irregular reflector specks per unit length of the layer also smoothly increasing with the distance from the light source but at a rate smaller than that of the parallel pattern section.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of compensating for a luminance point defect of the liquid crystal display device. After a detective luminance point pixel is detected, a laser beam is irradiated from an excimer laser oscillator on a portion of a surface of one of glass substrates of a liquid crystal panel on which an illuminating light is incident, the portion being located on the same irradiation path of the illuminating light with the luminance point pixel. In this way, the portion is laseretched, thereby forming a rough surface in the portion. When such a panel is used in a projection device, the light transmitted through the luminance point pixel is scattered and so reduced. Accordingly, the defective luminance point pixel is inconspicuous to normal pixels around the defective luminance point pixel.

Abstract: A plane display apparatus in which R, G and B liquid crystal cells are isolated from each other by means of partition walls, and a pair of ITO electrodes are formed on each of the cells and between a pair of substrates, wherein the cells can be arranged either in a matrix form or in a linear form and each pair of the ITO electrodes is supplied with a single voltage, the liquid crystal cells having different driving characteristics respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) adapted to a large scale image projecting apparatus or an optical data processing apparatus is disclosed wherein the sectional structure is improved. The LCLV comprises a substrate, an amorphous silicon photoconductor layer formed on the substrate, a light absorbing layer and a dielectric reflection layer formed on the photoconductor layer, wherein the light absorbing layer is made up of a Si/SiO.sub.2 multilayer and the dielectric reflection layer is made up of TiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.2. Here, the Si/SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 /SiO multilayers are integrally combined, so that the TiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.2 multilayer is used as a dielectric mirror and the Si/SiO.sub.2 multilayer is used as a dielectric mirror and a light absorbing layer. A p-type amorphous silicon layer together with boron and hydrogen can be used as the light absorbing layer and a TiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.2 multilayer may be used as a dielectric mirror.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is housed in a frame and has a first group of leads disposed on an edge thereof. The frame is supported on a printed-circuit board which has a driver circuit for energizing the liquid crystal display panel, the printed-circuit board having a second group of leads. An electrically conductive resilient spacer is disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the printed-circuit board. The first and second groups of leads are electrically connected to each other by the electrically conductive spacer. The edge of the liquid crystal display panel is resiliently pressed against the holder bezel by the electrically conductive resilient spacer. A display panel support positioned in the frame and mounted on the printed-circuit board has a base integrally joined to the frame and a resilient wing extending from the base. The liquid crystal display panel is resiliently pressed against the holder bezel remotely from the first group of leads by the resilient wing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel side electrode extending from a liquid crystal panel and an external circuit side electrode extending from an external circuit and connected to the liquid crystal panel side electrode for driving the liquid crystal panel, by using conductive material. The liquid crystal panel side electrode includes a laminated film made of an indium tin oxide film having a surface and a metal film on the surface. The metal film is selected from one of a molybdenum film and an aluminum film. The liquid crystal panel side electrode has a left portion of the metal film and an indium tin oxide film opening area, at a connection area between the liquid crystal panel side electrode and the external circuit side electrode. The indium tin oxide film of the liquid crystal panel side electrode is covered with the metal film over the entire surface thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel with a repair capability that has a plurality of optical display cells arranged in a matrix format with scan lines and orthogonal data lines, at least two field effect transistors associated with each cell adapted to each operate in parallel one half of a split plate electrode. A means is provided to segregate one of the transistors when it is defective. Also, is provided a means to electrically join the parts of the plate electrode. The method involves providing the above described display panel, testing the panel and noting the existence of any defective transistors, segregating the defective transistor, and joining the parts of the split plate electrode of the cells associated with a defective transistor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of optical writing type has a first transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode formed on the first transparent substrate, and a photoconductive layer formed on the first transparent electrode and including hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x :H). The display device also has a second transparent substrate, a second transparent electrode formed on the second transparent substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the photoconductive layer and the second transparent electrode. The dielectric mirror can be made of alternating layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) with different silicon to carbon ratios.

Abstract: In the invention, an outer case is formed of a transmissive hard synthetic resin, a liquid crystal display board is housed in the outer case in a floating state relative to an inner bottom surface of the outer case, and the liquid crystal display board is surrounded with a transmissive synthetic resin poured into the outer case so that anti-moisture resistance is improved.

Abstract: A photoconductor coupled liquid crystal light valve comprising a photoconductor layer, a liquid crystal layer and electrodes for applying voltage to the layers. The photoconductive layer is made of amorphous silicon containing hydrogen and/or halogen at more than 40 at%. The photoconductive layer preferably has a resistivity of between 10.sup.11 and 10.sup.12 ohm-cm and a photonconductivity of 10.sup.-8 and 10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /V. The photoconductive layer is preferably formed by electron cyclotron resonance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element of optical writing type includes a pair of transparent substrates respectively having electrodes formed on the overall surfaces thereof. The liquid crystal element also includes a photoconductive layer formed on one of the transparent substrates and having a back-to-back diode structure, which impedance is to be changed depending on an amount of incident light. The liquid crystal element further includes a mirror layer for reflecting light entered from the other side of a writing side of the photoconductive layer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of transparent substrates.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel by forming a plurality of spaced scan lines, a plurality of spaced orthogonal data lines, and contact pads for each line on a substrate. Forming an electrostatic discharge line and light controlled discharge devices, each device being joined to the discharge line and a contact pad. Next illuminating the discharge devices and completing the fabrication of the array of optical display elements on the substrate associated with scan and data lines, blocking the light from discharge devices and electrically testing the array. Then again illuminating the discharge devices while assembling a second substrate over the first substrate and inserting the liquid crystal material therebetween.