Abstract: Improved processes are described for the deposition of Cu and group IB metals such as Ag and Au. These processes include thermal CVD, photothermal depositions and photochemical deposition. The gaseous precursor which leads to successful deposition of high quality films at low temperatures includes a cyclopentadienyl ring, a two electron donor ligand, and the group IB metal in a +1 oxidation state. In addition, derivatives of the cyclopentadienyl ring can be used where the substituents on the ring include those selected from alkyl groups, halide groups, and psuedohalide groups. In addition, the two electron donor ligand can be selected from the group consisting of trivalent phosphines, amines and arsines. A representative precursor for the deposition of Cu is triethylphosphine cyclopentadienyl copper (I).

Abstract: A method for selecting preferred coating reactants by thermal analysis of decomposition is disclosed along with a preferred coating reactant comprising dibutyltin difluoride in polymolecular form.

Abstract: Oxide-based ceramic fibers are treated in a novel process to create a substantially uniform boron nitride barrier coating at their surface. The process involves heating the fibers in a nitriding atmosphere at between about 2200-2600.degree. F. to create a BN coating at the surface of the fiber from boron initially within the fiber.

Abstract: A method for preparing pyrolytic carbon film having a highly ordered graphite structure which comprises introducing an aromatic compound not having a condensed ring, together with a carrier gas into a reaction chamber, thermally decomposing the aromatic compound at a temperature up to 1,000.degree. C., and depositing the carbon film onto a single-crystalline substrate.

Abstract: A co-deposition process for producing a wear resistant article, such as a cutting tool. Gaseous halides of two or more of Si, B, Al, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, with other reactants including a volatile nitrogen source, for example N.sub.2 or NH.sub.3, are passed over a hard refractory at a temperature above about 800.degree. C., and 1 torr to about ambient pressure to form a composite refactory coating layer on the substrate. The coating is a continuous first-phase nitride matrix having particles of at least one different nitride dispersed therein. Oxynitrides may be produced by including a volatile oxygen source, for example NO or NO.sub.2, in the gas mixture.

Abstract: A method of metallizing a substrate by applying a metallic film to the substrate and measuring the film at a plurality of different lateral positions of the substrate by inducing an eddy current in the film and detecting the magnitude of the film to provide an indication of film thickness.

Abstract: A process for producing a coating of boron carbide of predetermined, controlled hardness on a substrate comprising heating the surface of the substrate to a temperature of between 800.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C., reducing a gaseous mixture containing at least one boron compound and at least one carbon compound in the presence of the heated substrate while causing the gas mixture to flow over the heated surface of the substrate at a total pressure of less than or equal to 100 millibars and at an average flow rate of between 10.sup.-4 and 10.sup.-3 g.cm.sup.2.5-1 so as to deposit a coating comprising tetragonal boron carbide B.sub.50 C.sub.2 or rhombohedral boron carbide B.sub.13 C.sub.

Abstract: In the process of sealing decorative anodized aluminum oxide coatings in hot aqueous solutions, superior results are obtained when the sealing solutions contain 1-phosphonopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, and/or alkali metal and/or alkanolamine salts of these acids. The presence of these acids or their salts prevents the formation of bloom and allows shorter sealing times with equivalent quality, and the addition of as little as 1 ppm of aluminum ions to such solutions also prevents iridescence.

Abstract: Adherent metal coatings of metals that cannot be adherently applied directly onto a desired substrate metal by chemical vapor deposition at a temperature below about 300.degree. C. are obtained by applying an adherent metal undercoating to the surface of the metal substrate which weakly or not at all chemisorbs carbon monoxide, then applying the desired outercoat metal to the undercoat substrate by chemical vapor deposition, using a heat decomposable metal carbonyl as the source of the desired outer coating metal. The undercoating metal may be applied by conventional plating processes such as electroplating or electroless plating. In preferred embodiments, the substrate is iron or steel or their alloys, the undercoating metal is copper, and the outer coating metal is a ferrous metal, i.e., nickel, iron, or cobalt.

Abstract: Light from a Q-switched laser passes through a metal-containing gas and through a field oxide of an integrated circuit structure. The laser light is preferentially absorbed by an underlying substrate. The substrate, but not the oxide, is heated above a threshold temperature that allows rapid chemical vapor deposition of metal through a relatively deep via hole in the oxide. The oxide has low thermal conductivity. The upper portions of the via hole walls are not heated enough to allow deposition of metal thereon. The via hole therefore can be uniformly filled by deposition of the metal on the bottom of the via hole, with no obstruction or shadowing from buildup of deposited metal on the upper wall portions of the via hole.

Abstract: A method of coating a fiber resulting in a more oxidative resistant fiber. The method comprises mixing metal alkoxides and basic metal carboxylates in amounts such that the metal alkoxides are substantially water soluble. The basic metal carboxylate has the formula:R'--CO.sub.2 M'(OH).sub.n.zH.sub.m Xwhere(i) R' is an organic radical;(ii) M' is any metal that has a valence of 3 or 4;(iii) X is BO.sub.3.sup.-, SO.sub.4.sup.=, Cl.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, R"CO.sub.2.sup.-, where R" is an organic radical;(iv) n and m correspond to the valence of (M'-1) and X respectively; and(v) Z has a value sufficient so that said R'--CO.sub.2 M'(OH).sub.n is substantially water soluble.A layer of the solution is applied to the fiber and the fiber is exposed to a temperature sufficient to form an oxide surface. The fibers can be used to make polymeric composites. Fibers having the above-described coating are impregnated with a resin, stacked in layers and exposed to pressure and optional heat.

Abstract: Protective coatings are applied to substrate metals by coating the metal surface, e.g. by dipping the substrate metal in a molten alloy of the coating metals, and then exposing the coating at an elevated temperature to an atmosphere containing a reactive gaseous species which forms an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride or a silicide. The coating material is a mixture of the metals M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, M.sub.1 being zirconium and/or titanium, which forms a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide under the prevailing conditions. The metal M.sub.2 does not form a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide. M.sub.2 serves to bond the oxide, etc. of M.sub.1 to the substrate metal. Mixtures of M.sub.1 and/or M.sub.2 metals may be employed. This method is much easier to carry out than prior methods and forms superior coatings. Eutectic alloys of M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 which melt substantially lower than the melting point of the substrate metal are preferred.

Abstract: A mercury compound such as mercury telluride or mercury cadmium telluride is deposited upon a substrate by chemical vapor deposition, with dissociation of the organic compounds accelerated by laser energy. The mercury-containing compound is preferably divinylmercury, which dissociates under intense light of 248 nanometers wavelength to deposit mercury in combination with the codeposited element. The laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition is accomplished at 100.degree. C. to 195.degree. C., preferably 165.degree. C., without the deposition of carbon contaminants.

Abstract: Amorphous alloys are deposited by a process of thermal dissociation of mixtures or organometallic compounds and metalloid hydrides, e.g., transition metal carbonyl such as nickel carbonyl, and diborane. Various sizes and shapes of deposits can be achieved, including near-net-shape free standing articles, multilayer deposits, and the like. Manipulation or absence of a magnetic field affects the nature and the structure of the deposit.

Abstract: A method for forming aluminum films is provided comprising employing the techniques of chemical vapor deposition to thermally decompose a vapor comprising a aluminum hydride subsequent to the treatment of the substrate with a Group IVB or VB metal complex, so as to deposit a mirror-like coating of aluminum on the surface of a substrate.

Abstract: A method for the formation of a thin, high melting-point metal film such as W, on a substrate surface, by means of CVD, is disclosed herein. In this method, the inner wall of the CVD reaction tube and the surface of the at least part of the fittings disposed therewithin are covered with a metal nitride film, in the process of performing the CVD operation. The method permits the formation of a high quality film, and also prevents the deposition of the high melting-point metal on the inner wall of the reaction chamber, even if the CVD operation is repeatedly performed over a long period of time.

Abstract: A process for continuously coating a strand of continuous carbon filaments by means of a refractory carbide by reactive technique which includes the step of causing the strand to travel under mechanical tension with a hermetic enclosure, simultaneously, introducing into the said enclosure a carbon free gas mixture consisting of hydrogen and of a volatile compound of an element capable of forming a refractory carbide; and heating the reaction mixture consisting of the strand and the gas mixture under controlled conditions so that the formation of the carbide deposit on the filaments takes place by a chemical reaction between the carbon in the filaments and the gas mixture. Under these controlled conditions, the reaction is self-regulated to produce a thin homogenous passivation coating on each filament.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and an apparatus for producing a heated recyled asphalt mixture, in which a new material and a normal-temperature waste material, the water content of which is set at a limited range of values, are adapted to be mixed together in the ratio of (90 to 40):(10 to 60) in terms of weight. The temperature of heating the new material by means of a dryer is controlled to range from 190.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. so as to be in conformity with the above mixing weight ratio. Both the materials are mixed and kneaded together in a mixer at a kneading temperature of 150.degree. C. or more. The gas generated within the mixer is exhausted toward a chimney in a state wherein the amount exhausted is made adjustable.

Abstract: A method of surface alloying a sialon article containing beta-prime-sialon phase (Si.sub.6-z Al.sub.z O.sub.z N.sub.8-z). The method includes the steps of applying an alumina coating to the surface of the sialon article by chemical vapor deposition and then heat treating the coated article at a temperature between about 1300 and 1800 degrees Centigrade for a time sufficient to diffuse some or all of the aluminum and oxygen from the alumina coating into the sialon composition to produce a layer containing beta-prime-sialon phase having an increased Z value compared to the beta-prime-sialon phase in the remainder of the article.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for heat treating a coating applied to an automobile body. The process includes the steps of radiant heating of a coating prior to convection heating.