Abstract: An integrated delay circuit has been provided which comprises a bipolar transistor and more particularly a PNP transistor having a diffusion capacitor of a given storage capacity as a time delay element and means including a switching device coupled to the junction capacitor for controlling current flow through the transistor. The switching device, which is preferably a Schottky diode, includes a capacitor having a charge storage capacity less than, and preferably substantially less than, that of the transistor. In the closed condition of the switching device a constant or steady current is sustained through the transistor and in the opened condition of the switching device the current through the transistor decreases exponentially. By coupling the output current from the transistor to a current level detector or comparator controlled delay times of substantial duration are produced in bipolar circuit technology.

Abstract: A signal compensating network for use with a sensing element having different rates of response for increasing or decreasing sensed quantities includes a differentiating amplifier having different time constants for increasing and decreasing input signals. The output from the differentiating amplifier is combined with a signal representing the magnitude of the input signal to produce an output.

Abstract: A clock signal distributing circuit is provided in its transmission line with delay time varying means and arranged so that a signal at the output terminal of the transmission line is opposite in phase to a signal at its input terminal. In the adjustment of the delay time, the input and output terminals are short-circuited by a line having a predetermined delay time to form a loop, causing oscillation. The sum of the rise and fall delay times of this loop-like transmission line is the oscillation cycle. Since the rise delay time and the fall delay time are substantially equal to each other over the entire loop, the delay time of the loop-like transmission line is obtained as 1/2 of the reciprocal of the oscillation frequency (the oscillation cycle), and from the delay time thus obtained is subtracted the delay time of the short-circuiting line to obtain the delay time between the input and output terminals of the clock signal distributing circuit.

Abstract: In a pulse generator responsive to an input pulse, use is made of a time constant circuit having a time constant for charge and a time constant for discharge considerably greater than the former. The time constant circuit is rapidly charged during presence of the input pulse in accordance with the time constant for charge, through a switching circuit kept on, while it is slowly discharged in accordance with the time constant for discharge after the switching circuit is rendered off due to disappearance of the input pulse. During charging and discharging, the time constant circuit gives a variable level to a threshold circuit for producing an output pulse when the variable level exceeds a threshold level. The output pulse lasts until the variable level is rendered less than the threshold level after disappearance of the input pulse. Additionally, the pulse generator comprises a combination of a constant current portion and a constant voltage portion to stabilize the input and output pulses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing an analog signal before it is converted into steep-sided pulses wherein a variable D.C. voltage is generated whose variation is representative of the change in values of the negative-going portions of the analog signal. A voltage summing means receives on the one hand the analog signal and on the other hand the variable D.C. voltage to provide steep-sided output pulses in synchronization with the "significant" portions of the analog signal.

Abstract: A logarithmic converter circuit comprising an emitter-coupled pair of transistors and a pair of operational amplifiers is provided with a temperature-stabilized environment so that accurate logarithmic conversion is facilitated. One of the pair of transistors is utilized as a temperature sensor to provide a temperature control voltage, which in turn controls the power applied to a heating element disposed adjacent the pair of transistors to maintain a constant semiconductor junction temperature. The heating element may suitably be one or more transistors disposed proximate the pair of transistors on a common substrate. The absolute temperature of the sensor transistor base-to-emitter junction is established by the use of precise gain-setting components, and by adjusting the temperature reference voltage for the correct system gain.

Abstract: This current switch driving circuitry, particularly for, but not necessarily limited to, inductive device current switching, comprises a pair of output transistors constituting a driving transistor for turning ON a subsequent switching transistor and a current sinking transistor for turning OFF that switching transistor with circuit provisions for maintaining the two transistors in a low power consuming standby state. A pair of receiver circuits are arranged for applying ON and OFF logical signals individually to the two transistors by way of intermediate circuitry having current multiplying circuitry for deriving the necessary driving power with a minimum of power consumed.

Abstract: A temperature detecting apparatus having a first transistor connected in diode configuration or a first diode, with its forward current set in certain value. A second transistor has similar electrical characteristics as the first transistor or the first diode, with the anode or cathode of the first transistor or the first diode being connected to the base of the second transistor. The temperature difference between the first transistor or the first diode and the second transistor is detected by means of the variation of the collector current of the second transistor. In another embodiment, a third transistor matched to second one is used with common base connections. The first transistor is coupled to the common base coupling.

Abstract: This current switch driving circuit arrangement particularly for, but not necessarily limited to, inductive device current switching, comprises a pair of output transistors constituting a driving transistor for turning ON a subsequent switching transistor and a current sinking transistor for turning OFF that switching transistor. A receiver circuit is arranged for applying one bilevel logical signal for alternatively driving the two transistors by way of intermediate circuits each having current multiplying circuitry for deriving the necessary driving currents. The intermediate circuitry is effective for toggling the current from one of the transistors to the other with provisions for insuring speedy switching action.

Abstract: An invention concerning the electrode structure of a gas laser device is disclosed. In the outer peripheral part of a discharge gas circulating hole (32) provided in the central part of an upper gas stream side one (16) of electrodes (14) and (16) disposed at both the ends of a discharge tube (8), a plurality of gas circulating apertures (34) are further provided over the entire periphery. A glow discharge portion in the discharge tube (8) is fined towards the central part of the tube by a gas which passes through the outer-peripheral gas circulating apertures (34). Thus, the laser intensity profile becomes the Gaussian distribution, and the laser generation efficiency is enhanced.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided an electrographic recording apparatus for recording on an electrostatic charge retentive record medium and a driver circuit suitable for use therein. The apparatus comprises a plurality of recording electrodes mounted in close proximity to the record medium. A plurality of complementary electrodes are mounted in electrical cooperative relationship with the recording electrodes. Improved driver circuits are provided for applying a voltage to the electrodes. The driver comprises a current branch to which the electrode is connected. A current control is provided for supplying a current through the current branch, which current biases diodes to force the electrode to a reference potential. The current further charges an electrical storage element. To apply a high voltage to an electrode, the current control blocks the current flow. The potential stored in the storage element which causes a base-emitter current flow to forward bias the transistor.

Abstract: A protection circuit for preventing excessive power dissipation in an output transistor whose conduction path is connected between a power terminal and an output terminal. The protection circuit includes means for sensing the application of a turn on signal to the output transistor and the voltage at the output terminal. When the turn on signal is maintained for a period of time greater than a given period without the voltage at the output terminal reaching a predetermined value, the protection circuit decreases the turn on signal to, and the current conduction through, the output transistor.

Abstract: A proximity switch with two connecting wires for switching an alternating current is described. The switch comprises a rectifying circuit, a thyristor connected across the output terminals of the rectifying circuit, a stabilized power circuit connected across the output terminals for supplying a d.c. power to a detection circuit. The thyristor is provided with a triggering circuit which is connected between the anode and gate terminals of the thyristor and consists of a transistor and a Zener diode connected in series.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed which is responsive to an input signal for producing an output signal dependent on its root mean square. The circuit comprises a multiplying circuit for producing a squared signal proportional to the square of the input signal, an averaging circuit responsive to the squared signal to produce an average signal proportional to the mean of the squared signal, and a square root circuit for taking the square root of the average signal. At periodic or aperiodic instants, switches disconnect the input signal and maintain it disconnected each time for a predetermined time duration. A feedback circuit operates during each such duration to produce a feedback signal which exactly offsets any output still produced by the multiplying circuit during that duration due to noise or drift. Any such feedback signal is stored between the predetermined durations and applied as a correcting signal to the output of the multiplying circuit.

Abstract: A circuit is provided in which the output current is the inverse, that is, the reciprocal, of the input current.The circuit comprises an input current branch and an output current branch, each branch including the emitter-collector electrodes of one of matching transistors, and a reference current branch containing a pair of serially connected, like poled, diode-connected transistors. The base electrode of the input branch transistor is connected to a node in the reference branch on one side of both diode-connected transistors, and the emitter of the output branch transistor is connected to a node in the reference branch on the other side of both diode-connected transistors. The base of the output branch transistor is connected to a node in the input branch on the emitter side of the input branch transistor.The circuit thus represents sums and differences of various voltages across the PN junctions in the several branches.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling the operating functions in a device such as a broadcast receiver, including an up/down counter associated with each operating function wherein a particular count corresponds to a certain setting of the operating function. Switch means coupled by a single conductor to the common inputs of two threshold-value circuits provide one of several voltages thereto which cause one or the other or neither of the threshold-value circuits to output a control signal to the up/down center, which in turn counts up, down, or remains at the same count.

Abstract: A common Baker Clamp includes diodes having predetermined reverse-recovery times for responding to a signal having a high frequency on the order of 100 kHz. A pair of anti-parallel diodes coupled between an input terminal and a first output terminal are each characterized by a reverse-recovery time on the order of 2.mu.s. A third diode is coupled between the input terminal and a second output terminal and is characterized by a reverse-recovery time on the order of 200 ns.

Abstract: A circuit with low impedance for maintaining a single polarity at an output is disclosed. Switching is provided by light controlled switching devices which in one embodiment are field effect transistors (14, 15, 16, 17) which are optically triggered by one or more photo-responsive devices (26', 27', 28', 29') coupled to their gate electrodes. The ON-OFF state of each switch is determined by the presence or absence of light from an adjacent line-powered LED (26, 27, 28, 29). A diode (32, 33, 34, 35) may be included in parallel with each switching device to provide surge protection.

Abstract: In a control interface circuit for selectively applying a signal to initiate a function in a control device, such as solid state power controller, there is an optical coupler whose primary side is connected in series with a plurality of impedance elements. The transistor switch elements are associated with the various impedances to selectively modify the amount of impedance in the active circuit between the control input terminals. The transistor switch elements are optically controlled by optical coupler devices receptive of inputs from the control device and are maintained with a means for supplying operating voltage that limits the voltage to a value that can be charged in less than the sampling pulse time.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for generating electrical pulses in response to rotation of a shaft. The apparatus incorporates an internal optical disc carried by a hub assembly attached to the operating shaft, with the hub assembly having a beveled bearing surface at one end thereof for engaging a similarly beveled surface of the apparatus housing, and biasing means for biasing the hub assembly toward said housing beveled surface to compensate for mechanical wear and to also minimize erratic movement of the optical disc. The combination of a light emitting diode and photo-transistor generate electrical signals in response to the blocking and transmitting of light through radially oriented opaque segments of the disc during rotation. The light emitting diodes and photo-transistors are retained by receptacles which snap fit within cooperating apertures of the housing.