Abstract: A stripper and a stripping process for removing the flue gas carried by regenerated catalyst. A cylindrical stripper mainly comprises a degassing pipe at the longitudinal axis, a horizontal pipe connected with the lower end of the degassing pipe, several sets of inner annular baffles and outer annular baffles arranged in alternative arrangement along the vertical direction. Inner annular baffles are fixed on the degassing pipe, outer annular baffles are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The degassing pipe has holes below each set of the inner annular baffles. The regenerated catalyst enters the stripper from the upper part, comes into a countercurrent and crosscurrent contact with steam from the annular steam conduit, and the stripped regenerated catalyst leaves the stripper from the bottom.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to forming arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and compositions thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention involves forming an array from more than one separately prepared molecular arrays or templates to prepare a composite structure. The multiple arrays can be the same or different with respect to the SWNT type or geometric arrangement in the array.

Abstract: Graphite particles having a bent laminate structure inside each particle are produced by feeding, into an impact grinder, graphite particles having an average particle diameter of 5 mm or less together with a gas current to apply an impact to the graphite particles to form, by a compression force, a bent laminate structure inside each graphite particle. The resulting graphite particles have an average particle diameter of 100 ?m or less, are low in anisotropy, have a nearly spherical shape, and are highly crystalline.

Abstract: Particulate MnO2, having simultaneously a micropore surface area greater than 8.0 m2/g, desirably between about 8.0 and 13 m2/g and BET surface area of between about 20 and 31 m2/g within the context of an MnO2 having a total intraparticle porosity of between about 0.035 cm3/g and 0.06 cm3/g produces enhanced performance when employed as cathode active material in an electrochemical cell, particularly an alkaline cell. The average pore radius of the meso and macro pores within the MnO2 (meso-macro pore radius) is desirably greater than 32 Angstrom.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating system regulates its rate of hydrogen generation by monitoring one or more parameters of the hydrogen generation process and then providing relative movement between the fuel tank and the catalyst chamber so as to increase or decrease the rate of hydrogen generation. In the disclosed embodiments, the catalyst chamber is disposed in a tank containing the fuel. The relative movement provided moves the catalyst chamber toward the fuel solution so as to increase the rate of hydrogen generation and moves the catalyst chamber away from the fuel solution to decrease such generation. Advantageously, such self-regulation can be provided without an external power source and can be varied to meet the requirements of different commercial applications. The overall system can be readily fabricated using commercially available parts.

Abstract: A compact autothermal (partial oxidation and steam reforming) fuel reactor is provided for implementation with a fuel cell system. The reactor includes a premixing chamber for premixing a volume of air, steam and fuel into an effluent, a thermal POX reactor, a first stage reforming segment, a post-premix chamber, and a second stage reforming segment. Further provided are a water/fuel vaporizer for supplying steam and fuel as a gas to the premix chamber and an airflow cavity disposed about the reactor for pre-heating air supplied to the premix chamber. The thermal POX segment operates during an initial start-up period for pre-heating the other components of the reactor. Once the other components achieve an operation temperature, the first and second stage reforming segments catalytically reform the effluent. The premix and post-premix chambers enable variance in the O/C and S/C ratios to be achieved as the effluent is reformed through the multiple stages.

Abstract: The invention concerns a piece based on one or several metal hydrides capable of reversibly absorbing hydrogen. Said piece is in the form of a thin and dense band, having a thickness preferably not more than 1 mm and porosity preferably less than 20%. The piece is obtained by rolling a powder of selected hydride(s), with or without additional component(s), such as binders or heat-transfer elements. Said piece can easily be produced on an industrial scale. By its very nature, it is particularly adapted for use as a base element in a tank for storing and transporting hydrogen. It can also be used in a Ni-MH typre battery for storing and transporting energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, reactors, and methods of steam reforming alcohols over a catalyst. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for removing SO2, O, and NO2 from a gas stream having the steps of oxidizing a portion of the NO in the flue gas stream to NO2, scrubbing the SO2, NO, and NO2 with an ammonia scrubbing solution, and removing any ammonia aerosols generated by the scrubbing in a wet electrostatic precipitator. The process can also remove Hg by oxidizing it to HgO and removing it in the wet electrostatic precipitator. Ammonium sulfate, a valuable fertilizer, can be withdrawn from the scrubbing solution.

Abstract: A petroleum coke-based combined De-SOx and De-NOx process is described comprising use of four key units, namely, a flue gas concentrator (FC), a carbothermal reducer (CR), an elemental sulphur condenser (SC) and an oxidizer for reduced sulphur and nitrogen species (RO). The two major reactants in this process are the petroleum coke, preferably, and a flue gas containing SOx/NOx. The major products are elemental sulphur from the SC and activated coke from the CR. The process provides for SOx and NOx abatement in an economically viable way while the activated coke produced has a wide range of applications, particularly, in environmental protection.

Abstract: A fuel processor for producing a hydrogen-rich product gas suitable for direct use in fuel cell applications includes a housing, an annular shift/methanator reactor vessel at least one reactor vessel wall disposed within the housing and forming an outer annular space between the at least one reactor vessel wall and the housing. A combustion chamber having at least one combustion chamber wall and forming a first inner annular space between the at least one combustion chamber wall and the at least one reactor vessel wall is disposed in the interior space formed by the annular shift/methanator reactor vessel, and a reformer reactor vessel having at least one reformer vessel wall and forming a second inner annular space between the at least one reformer vessel wall and the at least one combustion chamber wall is disposed within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A wet type exhaust gas desulfurization method includes sucking liquid in a liquid reservoir containing a sulphur compound formed from sulphur dioxide contained in exhaust gas so as to form a flow of the liquid, reducing the flow of the liquid in diameter to form a depressurized region in the flow, the reducing including passing the liquid through a reduction section which includes a reduction section plate having a reduction section hole and a peripheral portion surrounding the reduction section hole, the peripheral portion protruding toward the upstream side of the flow, introducing air into the depressurized region so as to generate a mixture stream of the air and the liquid, and spouting the mixture stream into the liquid reservoir. The reducing includes forming cavities in the flow, the forming cavities includes shearing the flow, and the shearing includes bringing the flow into contact with the peripheral portion.

Abstract: A method is provided for performing crystallization experiments for a molecule, the method comprising performing a plurality of crystallization experiments where the crystallization experiments have volumes of less than 1 microliter, the crystallization experiments comprising a molecule to be crystallized and a composition that varies among the plurality of crystallization experiments detecting crystal formation in the crystallization experiments.

Abstract: Porous microcomposites have been prepared from perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer and metal oxides such as silica using the sol-gel process. Such microcomposites possess high surface area and exhibit extremely high catalytic activity.

Abstract: A composite which is easy to manufacture and has excellent catalytic activity and mechanical strength is obtained by heating and drying a mixture of a carrier in powder form and a metal hydroxide in powder form or in molten form under a gas flow or under reduced pressure. The composite can be used as a catalyst for the isomerization of an olefin or for the oxidation reaction of an alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a large volume capacity density, high safety, excellent coating uniformity, excellent charge/discharge cycle durability and excellent low temperature characteristics, and suitable as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary cell. A lithium-transition metal composite oxide which is represented by the formula LixM1?yNyO2 (wherein 0.2?x?1.2, 0?y?0.7, M is a transition metal element, and N is a transition metal element other than M or an alkaline earth metal element), wherein in the distribution curve of the cumulative volume particle size of said lithium composite oxide, the inclination of the curve at a cumulative volume fraction of 20% and 80% are at most 9%/?m and at least 3%/?m, respectively, and the average particle size is from 3 to 20 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium manganese complex oxide Li1+xMn2?xO4 (0?x?0.12) used as a cathode active material of a lithium or lithium ion secondary battery. The present invention provides a method for preparing a manganese compound comprising the step of simultaneously applying a mechanical force and heat energy to a manganese compound to remove defects present in particles of the manganese compound and to control the aggregation of particles and the shape of the aggregated particles, a method for preparing a lithium manganese complex oxide with a spinel structure using the manganese compound prepared by the above method as a raw material, and a lithium or lithium ion secondary battery using the lithium manganese complex oxide with a spinel structure prepared by the above method as a cathode active material.

Abstract: A methanol reforming catalyst containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina can be prepared by (1) precipitating or spray-drying a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent in order to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining and reducing the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1), (3) passivating the reduced catalyst precursor obtained in stage (2) and (4) shaping the passivated catalyst precursor obtained in stage (3) to form the catalyst. A reduction in the volume shrinkage and an increase in the mechanical hardness during operation of the methanol reforming catalyst are achieved by the preparation process.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous material comprising particles without substantial fibrous structure and having pores, the pores having a mean pore diameter in a meson-pore region, sharp pore size distribution, and at least a part of the pores being connected three-dimensionally to form a three-dimensional network structure with random passages, the porous material preferably being of alumina and having a spongy structure or the porous material preferably being an aggregate of particles having an aspect ratio of 3 or less; a process of producing the porous material which includes a step of aging a system capable of becoming an oxide on thermal decomposition; a catalyst for exhaust gas purification having excellent NOx removal performance, high resistance against sulfur poisoning, and satisfactory high-temperature durability which comprises the porous material as a carrier having supported thereon a noble metal and an NOx storage component; and a method of exhaust gas purification using the catalyst.

Abstract: A substrate, such as a plate or catalyst monolith, may be coated with a metal oxide, particularly with a zeolite, by treating the substrate with a polyectrolyte to form a coating, and then depositing the coating of metal oxide from an aqueous slurry. A continuous coating, which may incorporate many layers, can easily be formed. In the examples polyacrylamide is used as polyelectrolyte.