Abstract: A series of thermomechanical workings such as temperature-controlled torsional strains are applied to a specimen of steel at strain and temperature levels and interpass times selected to simulate rolling mill conditions. The measured stress values are compared with the temperatures of the steel during the working periods during which the respective values were obtained. Thermomechanical working schedules are repeated at selected varying starting and terminating temperatures thereby to obtain a series of possible rolling schedules. These simulations are selected so that a varying number of reduction passes in the sequence occur at steel temperatures below temperature A.sub.r3. The value of a selected parameter of the worked steel, e.g. yield strength, is measured at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for a vertical rolling mill comprises a vertical electric motor mounted on a frame which has a hollow rotary shaft therein supported by a bearing and surrounding a portion of an intermediate shaft. The upper end of the intermediate shaft extends through the hollow rotary shaft and connects to a first universal joint disposed axially above the motor, and which engages the upper end of the hollow rotary shaft. The torque of the hollow rotary shaft is transmitted to the vertical roll through the first universal joint of the intermediate shaft, and a second universal joint.

Abstract: The rolling mill for mechanical descaling of hot rolled steel is constructed according to the slidable roll process with reducing rolls so that a unform operation with different and/or changing shape steel strips can obtained. This is attained when the rolling mill has at least two rolls slidable in opposite directions whose body surfaces are constructed with S-shape contours positioned inversely to each other so that these contours compliment each other flawlessly in one certain axial relative position. When sliding the rolls in opposite directions in one case the contour is decreased in the center region of the steel strip and when slid in the opposite directions in the other case the contour is increased in the center region. Thus the rolls can be adjusted to fit a gently convex steel strip profile by axially sliding the rolls in opposite directions as also rolled strips with a thickness centrally reduced in comparison to that of the edge regions can by appropriate sliding of the rolls opposite each other.

Abstract: A device for machining a plurality of rolls (4) which are mounted ready for use in a rolling stand (3) and form a common sizing pass (6) has at least one tool (5) which is disposed outside the sizing pass (6) for machining the working surfaces of the roll. In order that the shape and size of the sizing pass formed by the rolls is as accurate as possible, a measuring device (8) engages in the sizing pass (6), and a computer (10) compares its actual values with predetermined desired values, the resulting error signals being used to control the tool via servomotors (13, 14).

Abstract: A portable, hand-held tool for rolling a flange on metal sheet comprises a pair of handles pivoted together, the handles bearing a pair of parallel rollers which are moved together on approach of the handles and are drivable in rotation, the rollers having opposed portions of greater and lesser diameter so that on clamping of a metal sheet edge between the rollers and rotation of the rollers a flange is formed in the sheet edge. The handles may carry a device for setting the separation of the rollers at a desired value.

Abstract: In a beam mill stand having lower horizontal roll chocks, supported by screw-ups, upper horizontal roll chocks suspended on hooks from balance beams and urged downward by screw-downs, and vertical roll chocks supported by and moveable in transverse guide ways, in order to facilitate changing of the rolls as an interlocked stack, there are resilient support mechanisms in the upper horizontal roll chocks which are restrained by the hooks on the balance beams. With the mill stand inoperative, when the beams are lowered the resilient support mechanisms are released and extend to engage the vertical roll chocks to support the upper horizontal roll chocks resiliently. An interlocking mechanism in the vertical rolls is operated by the resilient support mechanism so that the vertical and lower horizontal roll chocks are locked against lateral movement.

Abstract: A hot rolling method using a hot finishing mill including a pair of work rolls each having a taper ground end at one end of its barrel and arranged one above the other with the taper ground ends being on opposite sides so as to locate both edges of a plate-like material to be rolled in respective zones of the taper ground ends. Work rolls are cyclically shifted in their axial direction within a range so as not to permit the both edges of the material to come out of the taper ground ends of the work rolls, thereby preventing edge built-ups of the material and simultaneously effecting crown-controlling of the rolled material. The work rolls are finely shifted and simultaneously a bending action is applied to the work rolls in a manner to eliminate a bending action acting upon the work rolls caused by the material being rolled by the work rolls.

Abstract: In the method and the apparatus for measuring and controlling the roll gap in a roll stand the roll gap is illuminated by a light source transversely of the roll axis or also parallel to the roll axis. A camera, in particular a CCD line camera, is aligned with its optical system with the roll gap and the illuminated part of the gap is broken down in this camera in the direction of the height or thickness of the gap into image points which generate on illumination an electrical charge, the image points being consecutively periodically interrogated for bright-dark information by drive electronics and the sum of the bright or dark light points serving as information on the magnitude of the roll gap and for controlling the roll gap setting.

Abstract: A pilgering die for use in cold forming of tubular members is in the shape of a ring member having a groove in the outer periphery thereof and a bore therethrough, the die composed of at least two different alloy sections. The case or outer region of the die is formed from a first steel alloy which hardens by transforming to martensite under predetermined heat treating conditions while the core or inner region of the die is formed from a second steel alloy that does not transform to martensite under the heat treating conditions used to harden the case. A third alloy section of a material which hardens by martensite formation may be provided adjacent the bore through the die. Also, the second alloy section may be comprised of a steel alloy that has a higher thermal expansion rate than the thermal expansion rate of the first alloy section.

Abstract: A rolling stand includes a stationary roll and at least one movable roll in spaced-apart relationship with the journals of the movable roll supported in a bearing unit which cooperates with a control mechanism for radially displacing the movable roll relative to the stationary roll and thus for adjusting the gap therebetween. The bearing unit includes two separate radial bearings with one radial bearing cooperating with a control element and with the other radial bearing acted upon by a work element which applies a counterforce in opposition to the force exerted by the control element.

Abstract: A roll for a mill includes a roll shaft having a tapered portion disposed intermediate opposite ends thereof. The tapered portion has an outer peripheral surface tapering axially of the roll shaft. A ring of a wear-resistant material is disposed around the tapered portion of the roll shaft. A tubular sleeve having an inner peripheral surface tapering axially thereof is press-fitted between the tapered portion of the roll shaft and the ring to retain the ring in place on the roll shaft for rotation therewith. The sleeve includes an inner groove formed in the inner peripheral surface thereof and a passageway formed therethrough. The passageway is communicated with the inner groove so that pressurized oil is supplied through the passageway into the inner groove.

Abstract: A rolling mill stand includes a pair of spaced apart housings each defining a window having a pair of blocks projecting therein from opposite sides of the housing. A pair of horizontal work rolls are arranged one above the other and are supported in bearing chock assemblies located in the housing windows. The rolls are displaceable in the direction of their length. Roll bending forces may be applied at the ends of the rolls by hydraulic rams acting vertically between the blocks and the bearing chock assemblies. The outer end of each ram, where it engages the bearing chock assembly, includes a body which is rotatably mounted on the ram and permits relative movement between the ram and the bearing chock assembly when the rolls are displaced in the direction of their length.

Abstract: To fix the relative axial position of a roll of a rolling mill and particularly with rolls of an unsymmetrical shape to improve the maintenance of tolerances for flange thicknesses of rolled sections at least one roll is provided with a double acting hydraulic cylinder for axial positioning by which the axial position is held fixed by an actual value-set value comparison by a control device. The actual value measurement of the axial position during a pass in which the rolls have changing axial forces should occur as close as possible to the rolled section for elimination of the position shifts due to compressibility or flexibility of components.

Abstract: A pair of self-compensating backup rolls for use in a rolling mill. The backup rolls are sleeved and have relief means along oppositely arranged end portions to absorb dynamically generated roll bending forces.

Abstract: A shape metering process and related apparatus for continuously detecting and measuring the profile and flatness of a rolled metal strip or a non-metallic strip coming off mill rolls, and for making continuous corrections, in real time, of the errors from which faults and unevenness in the strip tend to originate. A single source of fluid power registers differences in pressure which are localized in relative zones which are ranged transversely to the path of the strip movement and across its width. Such differences in pressure are proportional to the differences in tension with which the strip is invested. These differences can be detected, measured and displayed so as to analogically represent the shape of the strip. The same pressure can also be a continuous and direct-acting control medium for an actuation of a conventional media utilized in correcting the thermal condition of the mill rolls.

Abstract: A roll block for rolling wire to final gauge in a high speed wire mill with a plurality of roll units alternatingly positioned at right angles to each other and behind each other, which are driven by two roll drive shafts running on both sides of the line of rolls parallel to it, includes a dividing gear unit for driving both drive shafts by a common drive motor. The individual roll units are connected to the roll drive shafts by miter wheel, bevel and/or other gear units. The gear ratios in the dividing gear unit on setting predetermined rotational speed ratios of the roll drive shafts lead to a predetermined series of caliber reductions for which the respective roll block is designed. Other materials and/or roll products require, if the gear ratios and rotational speeds are to be maintained constant, correspondingly changed dividing gear units. Such changes are no longer required when the dividing gear unit is a mechanical or hydraulic gearshift which produces different rotational speeds.

Abstract: In rolling mill equipment provided with a roll bending mechanism for removing an unacceptable shape of a plate in width direction of the plate and a crown of a plate in the form of an uneven configuration at both edges with respect to a center line of the plate, there is disclosed a method for controlling a shape of a plate in an attempt to avoid producing abnormal shape in said width direction.

Abstract: A device for axially supporting a rotating roller (1) resting axially on a fixed frame, at each end, by a contact ball bearing (3). According to the invention, the contact ball bearing (3) is mounted on the end of a support piece (5) consisting of a cylindrical insert (51) extended, on the roller side, by an enlarged base piece (52), fitting inside a recess (6) and bearing, in the axial direction, against the end wall (62) of the recess (6), by an axial bearing (66) and, in the radial direction, against the side wall (61) of the recess (6), by a rolling bearing (65) centering the insert (51) about the axis of rotation (10), the assembly being held in position by a cap (7) closing the recess (6).

Abstract: In a multi-roll rolling stand having two intermediate rolls 3 to 6, which each have only one tapered roll barrel end, in each case two tapered roll barrel ends lie on each side of the rolling stand. The intermediate rolls 3, 4 and 5, 6, the two roll barrel ends of which lie on the same side of the rolling stand, are independently displaceable in an axial direction. Due to the axial offset of the tapered roll barrel ends which can be achieved in this manner, the support curve of the work rolls 1, 2 in the edge regions of the rolled strip can be finely adjusted. In addition, the support curve in the center region of the strip can also be adjusted if in each case one of the two work rolls 3, 4 associated with each work roll 1, 2 is contoured.

Abstract: A pinch apparatus in which a pair of rolls, comprising rollers whose peripheral length decreases from the center portion in the axial direction towards each end disposed on the curved roller shaft rotatably, are arranged opposedly utilizing a flat part throughout the axial direction at an external periphery of the roller. The pinch apparatus feeds out a material being passed through in quantity corresponding to peripheral lengths in each part of the roller. The apparatus also includes an adjusting device which adjusts the shaft angle and roll ascending and descending portions.