Abstract: Plychlorophthalimides, specifically, N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimides and N-substituted trichlorophthalimides may be treated with zinc and a base in aqueous soluction to yield, after acidification, the product 3,5-dichlorophthalic acid or salts thereof.

Abstract: A process of preparing an .alpha.-amylase inhibiting substance from wheat is disclosed which comprises heat treating a supernatant fraction of an aqueous extract of wheat or wheat flour to modify unnecessary protein contaminants in the supernatant fraction, removing a modified protein from said fraction, and subjecting a resulting aqueous solution containing an .alpha.-amylase inhibiting substance to a concentration treatment using an ultrafiltration membrane. As the ultrafiltration membrane is used the membrane of polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin, polysulfone, polyimide or polypropylene materials, each having a fractionation molecular weight of 5,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000, 13,000, 20,000, 30,000, 50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 Dalton cut off.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an aralkyl group and R.sup.2 is COOR.sup.2 hydrogen or a monovalent organic group attached through a carbon atom and preferably is a hydrocarbon group, and n is one or two. Typically R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group. The compound is prepared from the corresponding sulphide compound by oxidation, for example using hydrogen peroxide. The compound can be directly amidated to the corresponding amide which is a precursor for tri- and tetramethyleneisothiazolin-3-ones.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the partial oxidation of a polymethylbenzene to the corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acid, which process comprises contacting in a reaction zone said polymethylbenzene with molecular oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising at least one heavy-metal compound, said heavy-metal compound being acetate free, a source of bromine, and a non-metal acetate compound, the concentration of acetate in the reaction zone being employed to control the rate of oxidation and the selectivity of oxidation.There is also provided the catalyst that is employed in the process.

Abstract: .beta., .gamma.-Unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g., 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, are selectively prepared by carbonylating (with carbon monoxide) an allyl alcohol, e.g., a butenediol, at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a palladium-based catalyst and at least one quaternary onium chloride of one of the Group VB elements nitrogen or phosphorus, such element being tetracoordinated via carbon atoms and with the proviso that such nitrogen atom may be coordinated to two pentavalent phosphorus atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid salt by the dehalodimerization of a 4-halophthalic acid salt. The process uses hydroxylamine or one of its salts as the reducing agent in an alkaline solution, preferably of pH 10 or above, and palladium catalyst. The reaction is carried out between 50.degree. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-4)alkyl.

Abstract: Biphenyl tetracarboxlic acid esters and derivatives thereof are prepared by the coupling reaction of 4-halogen substituted o-benzenedicarboxylic acid ester, carried out in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a pre-prepared triphenylphosphine-nickel chloride or trialkylphosphine-nickel chloride catalyst, zinc powder as the reducing agent, and an alkali metal halide promoting agent. The ester may be hydrolyzed in basic solution to afford the corresponding acid. The acid may be heated or boiled with acetic anhydride to afford the biphenyl dianhydride.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preparing an herbicidal intermediate compound having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein groups X are independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, CN, halo, alkoxy, nitro, or S(O).sub.m R.sup.2 where R.sup.2 is alkyl and m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4 and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The hexene-1,6-dioic acids, e.g., hex-3-ene-1,6-dioic acid, are prepared by reacting carbon monoxide and water with at least one diacyloxylated butene, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of palladium and at least one quaternary onium chloride of one of the Group VB elements nitrogen or phosphorus, such element being tetracoordinated via carbon atoms and with the proviso that such nitrogen atom may be coordinated to two pentavalent phosphorus atoms.

Abstract: Novel trisubstituted benzoic acid intermediates which are useful in the preparation of certain herbicidal 2-(2,3,4-trisubstituted benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones are described.

Abstract: The new compositions of matter of the present invention comprise compounds having one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein: R is hydrogen or methyl;n is 1 to 16;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 below or are joined to form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aromatic or a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom or an alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl substituted derivative thereof;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from (A) hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyo, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl and (B) substituted derivatives of the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl and the heterocyclic ring wherein the substitutions are alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, halo, hydroxyl, keto or a thiocarboxyl;W may be a single bond, oxygen, NR.sub.5, or (CR.sub.6 R.sub.7).

Abstract: Dicarboxylic acid bis-(3,5-dicarbomoyl-2,4,6-triiodoanilides) of general formula I ##STR1## wherein the amide radicals --CONR.sup.1 R.sup.2 and --CONR.sup.3 R.sup.4 are different from one another andR.sup.1 is a hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical or R.sup.2,R.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alkyl radical,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical or R.sup.4,R.sup.4 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alkyl radical,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical or a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alkyl radical,X is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which optionally can be substituted by 1 to 6 hydroxy or alkoxy groups or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms,possess good pharmacological and physicochemical properties rendering them outstandingly suitable as radiopaque substances in X-ray contrast media for use in all fields of application for X-ray contrast media.

Abstract: Novel trisubstituted benzoic acid intermediates which are useful in the preparation of certain herbicidal 2-(2,3,4-trisubstituted benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel route to diamines and triamines comprising reacting nitroalcohols with isocyanates to prepare di- and trinitro compounds which are subsequently reduced over a metal hydrogenation catalyst to the corresponding polyamino compound.

Abstract: 3-substituted-4-hydroxy- and 4-acetoxystyrene compounds, especially 3,5-di(methyl, bromo or chloro)-4-acetoxystyrene as well as a process for its preparation. 2,6-dimethylphenol is acylated with acetic anhydride and HF catalyzed to produce 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-acetophenone. After subsequent esterification with acetic anhydride and catalyzed hydrogenation to form 1-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-acetoxyphenyl)ethanol, this intermediate is then dehydrated with an acid and a polymerization inhibitor to produce 3,5-dimethyl-4-acetoxystyrene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thioesters having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.x is selected from the group of formulae consisting of: ##STR2## R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, alkyls having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyls having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and radicals of the formula: ##STR3## and R.sup.6 is selected from the group of radials consisting of alkyls having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, aryls having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and aralkyls having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.These thioesters are particularly useful as a synergist for conventional phenolic and amine antioxidants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing, .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester from .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester, a .alpha.-alkoxycarboxylic acid ester or .beta.-alkoxycarboxylic acid ester as a starting material by a vapor-phase catalytic reaction in the presence of a crystalline aluminosilicate modified with an alkali metal and a platinum group element as a catalyst.According to the process, .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid can be produced efficiently.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing an organic compound selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic/aromatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic alcohol, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, amine, amide, ketone, acid, ether, ester, and organic compounds containing an activated carbon-carbon double bond, which process comprises contacting said organic compound dissolved in an organic solvent with a hypochlorous acid solution.

Abstract: Substituted 1,3-dithietane-2-carboxylic acid derivatives useful as intermediates for the preparation of highly effective penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives and the preparation thereof.