Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, amino or substituted amino or the group ##STR2## is nitrile; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid or ester thereof in the presence of water at a temperature of from about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A high purity naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) is easily and rapidly produced by reacting a dialkylester of NDCA within a temperature range of 70.degree.-350.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-acetoxystyrene by heating 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol, with an acid catalyst, at a temperature of from about 85.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 0.1 mm HgA to about 760 mm HgA for from about 0.2 minutes to about 10 minutes. The process also provides for the solventless (neat) hydrogenation of 4-acetoxyacetophenone to produce 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol. The reaction proceeds by heating at 54.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. with an excess of hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C or activated nickel such as Raney Nickel catalyst in the absence of a solvent. The 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol may then be dehydrated to 4-acetoxystyrene. The later may be polymerized to poly(4-acetoxystyrene) and hydrolyzed to poly(4-hydroxystyrene).

Abstract: This invention relates to a glutathione-S-lower fatty acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## [wherein R.sub.1 is a lower alkyl group which may be substituted; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group which may be substituted; R.sub.4 is a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group which may be substituted; n means 1] or a salt thereof, and a method for production thereof.The glutathione-S-lower fatty acid derivative of the present invention or a salt thereof shows an excellent antihepatopathic activity and can be used with advantage as a drug for the treatment of various hepatic disorders.

Abstract: Saturated, liquid, low molecular weight and low-viscosity isobutylene polymers terminally functionalized by special groups, which correspond to the following formula ##STR1## are produced by solution ozonolysis of high molecular weight isobutylene/diene copolymers containing diene monomers, stabilization of the products obtained after the ozone treatment by addition of peroxide decomposers and subsequent reduction with hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts under pressures of 10 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 20.degree. to 300.degree. C., optionally in the presence of sulfur or amines or ammonia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein A.sup..sym. and B.sup..sym. independently of one another denote a proton, with the limitation that they do not both simultaneously denote protons, the equivalent part of the barium ion, an ion of the general formula II ##STR2## or an ion of the general formula III ##STR3## and wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.8, R.sup.11 to R.sup.16, X and m and n are as defined in the description, processes for their preparation and their use as charge control agents in toners and developers and as charge improving agents in powders and varnishes.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds having the following formula ##STR1## which are useful in the inhibition of platelet aggregation. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions of such phenyl amidine sulfones derivatives.

Abstract: The invention provides a class of water-soluble probucol derivatives having one or more ester groups replacing the phenyl hydroxyl groups of the probucol molecule. Some derivatives have polar or charged functionalities such as carboxylic acid groups, amino groups, aldehyde groups and amide groups located on the ester groups. Some of these compounds are spontaneously hydrolyzable in typical biological milieus. The present invention also provides method of treating an animal with probucol by administering a water-soluble probucol prodrug to the animal.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process combines an aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid, a base and water in an inert solvent to make a hydrated salt of the said acid. The process leads to enhanced yield of an enantiomerically enriched hydrated salt of the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conditioning and/or purification of organic isocyanates bya) mixing organic isocyanates at 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. with 0.001 to 1 mole %, based on the isocyanate, of a silylated acid corresponding to the formulaX-[Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ].sub.nwhereinX represents the neutral acid residue obtained by removing the acidic hydrogen atoms from an n-basic acid having a pKa value of at most 3, with the exception of hydrohalic acids andn is an integer from 1 to 3, andb) optionally working up the resulting mixture by distillation after a residence time of at least 5 minutes.

Abstract: A method for preventing coloration of an aromatic isocyanate compound, which is characterized in that an organic phosphite ester of formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, the same or different, each a C.sub.4-20 hydrocarbon group, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol and triphenyl phosphite are added to the aromatic isocyanate compound.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. In this process, the aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is reacted with an inorganic base in the presence of an organic base to substantially enrich the precipitate in one of the enantiomers and an improved yield. Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.

Abstract: A method for purifying a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid comprising contacting an impure naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a solvent comprising a low molecular weight carboxylic acid, at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. F., and a pressure sufficient to maintain the solvent at least partially in the liquid phase and thereafter recovering purified naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing purified dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate by the esterification of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is disclosed, and which process provides for the efficient removal of residual oxidation catalyst metals from the dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate and efficient removal of particulate contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2-mercaptomethylene-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives which are useful as enkephalinase inhibitors.

Abstract: A very selective process for the catalytic air oxidation of pseudocumene to trimellitic acid. Manganese, cobalt, cerium and titanium in the presence of bromine are used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process utilizes first an enantiomerically enriched mixture the of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from kinetic resolution, diastereomeric crystallization or asymmetric synthesis processes. This enriched mixture is reacted with a base producing a salt that has the following properties:(1) has at least one eutectic point;(2) a composition that is not at the eutectic point; and(3) a eutectic composition that is closer to the racemic composition than is the eutectic composition of said aryl-substituted carboxylic acid.Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.

Abstract: The new substituted alkenoic acid derivatives can be prepared by reacting the appropriate aldehyde with a phosphonium compound. The compounds have leukotriene antagonistic properties and can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substituted styrene by reacting a bisarylalkyl ether in the presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed. The process is preferably used for the preparation of 4-acetoxystyrene from 4,4'-(oxydiethylidene)bisphenol diacetate and 4-methoxystyrene from 4,4'-(oxydiethylidene)bisphenol dimethyl ether. A process for preparing a bisarylalkyl ether by reacting a corresponding arylalkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making biodegradable surfactant. The process comprises several steps including an optional step. The first step is directed to reacting olefins with ZSM-23 catalyst to form oligomers having the formula -(C.sub.3).sub.x, (C.sub.4).sub.x or mixtures thereof. Second, the oligomer is hydroformylated to form a saturated alcohol, for example, tridecanol. Next, the saturated alcohol is ethoxylated. Thereafter a nonionic biodegradable surfactant is recovered. This surfactant can be used in detergent formulations. A process is also taught for making esters which can be used as lubricants or plasticizers. A specific hydroformylation process is taught which utilizes modified cobalt carbonyl catalyst. Also, a specific ethoxylation process is taught. Products formed according to the latter two processes as well as their uses are also taught.