Abstract: Glycol co-esters of drying-oil fatty acids and polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids are formed by a novel bi-phase catalysis in liquid-liquid or liquid-solid dispersions. The co-esters form directly from drying-oil acids and partial glycol esters of vinylic carboxylic acids, or vice versa. Complete removal of the by-produced water by distillation is unnecessary and the commonly encountered side reactions of direct esterification are suppressed since reaction temperatures can be as low as ambient. The expensive acid chlorides or anhydrides combined with acid acceptors, previously used to prepare such co-esters, are circumvented along with the by-produced hydrochlorides or carboxylates which must be recovered and disposed in an environmentally acceptable way. The co-esters formed here are useful in free radical copolymerizations that provide novel film-forming polymers capable of cross-linig when dried in air. They can be formed in bulk, solution or as latexes.

Abstract: Hydroxy functional, unsaturated diesters are disclosed that comprise the esterification reaction products of unsaturated anhydrides with secondary alcohols to form monoesters, followed by oxyalkylation of the monoester with epoxy compounds, whereby a diester is formed with hydroxy functionality. Use of secondary alcohol yields monoesters less prone to disproportionation. The unsaturated diesters may be copolymerized with vinyl monomers to form hydroxy functional copolymers useful in coating applications, wherein they may be included in compositions along with a curing agent that is reactive with hydroxy groups.

Abstract: Latices based on conjugated dienes are produced using emulsion polymerization by introducing the monomers to be polymerized into the initially introduced seed latex in the presence of a free-radical forming activator and an emulsifier in such a manner that the ratio of the monomer polymerization rate to the monomer feed rate is less than 0.7:1 and by performing polymerization up to a monomer conversion of .gtoreq.95% at temperatures of 10 to 85.degree. C., wherein the addition of the emulsifier is controlled in such a manner that the final particle size (TG.sub.L) of the latex to be produced is governed by the following equation:TG.sub.L =TG.sub.S .times.(m.sub.L /D.sub.L).sup.1/3 (m.sub.S /D.sub.S).sup.1/3,in whichD.sub.L =density of the latex particles in the latex to be producedD.sub.S =density of the particles of the seed usedm.sub.L =mass of the latex particles in the latex to be producedm.sub.S =mass of the particles of the seed usedTG.sub.L =particle size of the latex to be producedTG.sub.

Abstract: Ethylene-based copolymers which are suitable as flow improvers for mineral oil middle distillates are composed ofa) from 50 to 94% by weight of ethylene,b) from 3 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c) from 3 to 20% by weight of one or more aminoalkyl acrylates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and A.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, andd) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers a) to c),copolymers in which monomer b) is vinyl acetate and which have a number average molecular weight of from 5000 to 50,000 being excluded, or are composed ofa') from 50 to 95.5% by weight of ethylene,b') from 4 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c') from 0.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymerizates are disclosed containing carboxyl groups, and also containing the following components incorporated by polymerization: (a) 30 to 80 mol % monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 carboxylic acids, anhydrides thereof and/or water-soluble salts thereof; (b) 10 to 50 mol % C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 olefines, styrene, alkyl styrene, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl vinyl ethers and/or vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 monocarboxylic acids; and (c) 0.01 to 20 mol % vinyl ethers and/or allyl ethers of alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alcohols. The copolymerizates in question have a K-value of at least 8 (determined after H. Fikentscher). Also disclosed are methods of producing the water-soluble copolymerizates by copolymerization of the monomers in the presence of radical-forming polymerization initiators, and the use of the polymerizates as scale inhibitors.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for copolymerizing vinyl chloride with allyl glycidyl ether and a vinyl ester. The copolymers so formed include 70-99 weight percent of vinyl chloride, 0.05-15 weight percent of allyl glycidyl ether, and 0.05-15 weight percent of a vinyl ester, preferably vinyl acetate. The copolymers of this invention can be compounded to provide films exhibiting improved heat stability, low haze, and good adhesion to solid surfaces such as glass and metal. The compounded resins thus obtained may be especially advantageously used in forming the interlayer of laminated safety glazings, such as vehicle windshields and architectural glazings.The copolymerization of vinyl chloride, allyl glycidyl ether, a vinyl ester and small amounts of an unsaturated organic trifunctional silane provide self-adhesion without gelation.

Abstract: An acrylic urethane prepolymer composition and an unsaturated polyester resin composition to which the prepolymer has been added. The prepolymer composition includes an acrylic urethane prepolymer prepared by the reaction of diisocyanate, like MDI, with an hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer, such as a pentaerythritol triacrylate. The prepolymer composition contains a styrene monomer and an inhibitor, such as benzoquinone, to retard the reaction of the prepolymer and styrene monomer prior to the addition of the prepolymer composition into the polyester resin composition and a photoinitiator to promote the polymerization of the resin by exposure to radiant energy. The employment of the urethane prepolymer composition provides for the reduction in the amount of styrene monomer used in the unsaturated resin composition and also provides for improved chemical and physical properties of the photocured, unsaturated resin composition.

Abstract: A flocculant copolymer of acrylamide and Mannich base of acrylamide is provided which purifies and treats water and/or waste water, and/or sludge, and/or other contaminated liquids resulting from municipal discharges and industrial process effluents, as well as separating suspended and colloidal particles from liquids in industrial manufacturing processes. The copolymer has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl groups and may be the same or different.It is prepared in two stage reaction. In the first stage Mannich base of acrylamide is produced by reacting acrylamide with formalin and dimethylamine or other secondary C.sub.1-8 -alkylamines: ##STR2## and in the second stage copolymer of acrylamide and Mannich base of acrylamide is produced by polymerizing in the presence of redox-initiator system. The mole ratio of acrylamide to Mannich base of acrylamide of 1:(0.05-0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multifunctional polyacrylate aliphatic polyurethane oligomer or prepolymer of low molecular weight, a method of preparing such oligomers, and cured polymers and cured laminate-type products employing such oligomers.

Abstract: New materials having improved biocompatibility have novel zwitterionic groups at the surface. The zwitterion is characterized by having at least one monovalent substituent at the atom carrying the cationic charge which is an aryl group. Preferably the atom carries at least two, and preferably three such aryl, usually phenyl, groups. The cationic group is preferably a triphenylphosphonium. Treatment of surfaces to provide pendant zwitterionic groups of the specified type have reduced platelet activation, whilst they do not appear to reduce platelet adhesion. The invention has utility in the field of blood contacting device, especially devices for implantation, such as vascular grafts.

Abstract: A modified acrylic urethane prepolymer composition and an unsaturated polyester resin composition to which the prepolymer has been added. The prepolymer composition includes an acrylic urethane prepolymer prepared by the reaction of diisocyanate, like MDI, with an hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer, such as a pentaerythritol triacrylate, which prepolymer composition may contain a styrene monomer and an inhibitor, such as benzoquinone, to retard the reaction of the prepolymer and styrene monomer prior to the addition of the prepolymer composition into the polyester resin composition. The employment of the modified urethane prepolymer composition provides for the reduction in the amount of styrene monomer used in the unsaturated resin composition and also provides for improved chemical and physical properties of the cured, unsaturated resin composition, such as a reduction in glass roll-out when the resin composition is employed with fiberglass.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of poly(N-vinyl-.di-elect cons.-caprolactam) is prepared by polymerizing N-vinyl-.di-elect cons.-caprolactam in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator and from 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the monomer used, of a water-soluble polymeric protective colloid and is useful as a textile printing adhesive, as a raw material for adhesives, as a lubricant additive, as a cosmetic formulation aid, as a detergent additive and as an opacifier in automatic shading systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of thermoplastic resin comprising: heating a mixture comprised of a free radical initiator, a stable free radical agent, at least one polymerizable monomer compound and an electron acceptor (EA) compound, to form a thermoplastic resin containing a homopolymeric segment or segments and wherein said process possesses a high monomer to polymer conversion and a narrow polydispersity.

Abstract: An aqueous protective coating composition particularly useful for can coatings based on a polymeric binder comprises water dispersed diepoxide crosslinked microgel particles. The microgel polymer is produced by disposing in water a carboxyl functional, addition polymer modified, maleated glyceride oil copolymer and crosslinking aqueous disposed carboxyl copolymer with a low molecular weight diepoxide to form stable aqueous disposed microgel particles. The maleated glyceride oil can be modified by in-situ polymerizing ethylenic monomers with the maleated glyceride oil in the absence of water or in water to form either a water dispersed copolymer or an aqueous emulsion copolymer. The water disposed copolymer is subsequently heat reacted with diepoxide mixed with the copolymer to form aqueous dispersed microgel polymer particles.

Abstract: A wood article is submitted to a vacuum in an autoclave to remove air that it contains. Then, a solution which contains a wood preservative, a water-soluble cross-linkable prepolymer and a polymerization initiator is introduced into the autoclave. Polymerization to form a polymeric network in the wood article is carried out in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen, while the preservative is chemically fixed to the wood. The result is a wood article with a permanently reduced hardness and an increased moisture content at equilibrium.

Abstract: A method for producing a water absorbent resin by polymerizing a water-soluble monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated group (A) and a crosslinking agent (B) as the essential components by radical polymerization in the presence of water or, polymerizing a water-soluble monomer having an unsaturated group (A) and a crosslinking agent (B) by radical-graft copolymerization with a water-soluble polymer (C) as the backbone polymer in the presence of water, wherein a water-based solid material capable of being endothermally fused or dissolved into water (D) is added when initiating the polymerization, with at least a part of the water-based solid material (D) in a solid state. By the method of the present invention, a water absorbent resin having a high molecular weight and a high absorption capacity with little water-soluble component can be obtained with ease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions wherein the binder contains copolymers which are solid below 30.degree. C., prepared from olefinically unsaturated compounds and have a weight-average molecular weight (M.sub.w) of 1500 to 75,000, a content of free hydroxyl groups of 0.2 to 6.0% by weight and a content of intramolecular carboxylic acid anhydride groups (calculated as C.sub.4 H.sub.2 O.sub.3) of 1 to 30% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyvinyl graft-polymer having one structural unit having a glycidyloxy group represented by the following general formula (I) at side chains of the polyvinyl polymer per 2-1,000 repeating units of vinyl: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group 6-23 in carbon number having at least one glycidyloxy group, and R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, and its manufacturing method. The polyvinyl graft-polymer of the present invention is excellent not only in mechanical properties and heat resistance, but also in adhesiveness, paintability dyeability and antistatic property.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermosetting powder paint comprising, as essential components, (A) a copolymer of particular composition composed of a glycidyl group-containing monomer, styrene and other monomer copolymerizable therewith and, as curing agents capable of reacting with the component (A) to crosslink the component (A), (B) an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid and (C) a linear anhydride of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid; a coating method using the above thermosetting powder paint; and a coated article obtained by using the above thermosetting powder paint. The above thermosetting powder paint, when used as a paint for automobile, has excellent storage stability and gives a coating film having excellent appearance, properties, weathering resistance and yellowing resistance; therefore, the paint can be favorably used particularly as an top coat and an intermediate coat for automobile and its parts.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methyl methacrylate polymer comprising methyl methacrylate units as a primary component, wherein the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is in the range from 80,000 to 400,000, and the molecular weight between branching points calculated from the z-average molecular weight of the polymers is in the range from 30,000 to 1,000,000.