Abstract: An article for magnetic heat exchange includes a functionally-graded monolithic sintered working component including La1-aRa(Fe1-x-yTyMx)13HzCb with a NaZn13-type structure. M is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Si and Al, T is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Ti, V and Cr and R is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, Y and Pr. A content of the one or more elements T and R, if present, a C content, if present, and a content of M varies in a working direction of the working component and provides a functionally-graded Curie temperature. The functionally-graded Curie temperature monotonically decreases or monotonically increases in the working direction of the working component.

Abstract: A R-T-B based permanent magnet which not only has equivalent magnetic properties as the existing Nd—Fe—B based permanent magnet as well as light mass but also can be suitably used as a magnet for field system of a permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine. The magnet can be obtained in a case where the composition of the compound for forming the main phase is (R1-x(Y1-zLaz)x)2T14B (R is rare earth element(s) consisting of one or more elements of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, T is one or more transition metal elements with Fe or Fe and Co as essential elements, 0.0<x?0.5 and 0.0<z?0.5), by making the abundance ratio of Y4f/(Y4f+Y4g) satisfies 0.8?Y4f/(Y4f+Y4g)?1.0 when the Y occupying the 4f site of the tetragonal R2T14B structure is denoted as Y4f and the Y occupying the 4g site is denoted as Y4g.

Abstract: A R-T-B based permanent magnet which has equivalent magnetic properties as the existing Nd—Fe—B based permanent magnet and light mass but also can be suitably used as a magnet for field system of a permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine. The magnet can be obtained in a case where the composition of the compound for forming the main phase is (R1?x(Y1?zCez)x)2T14B (R is rare earth element(s) consisting of one or more elements selected from La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, Y is yttrium, Ce is cerium, T is one or more transition metal elements with Fe or Fe and Co as essential element(s), B is boron, 0.0<x?0.5 and 0.0?z?0.5), by making the abundance ratio of Y4f/(Y4f+Y4g) in relation to the Y occupying the 4f site of the tetragonal R2T14B structure (i.e., Y4f) and the Y occupying the 4g site (i.e., Y4g) satisfies 0.8?Y4f/(Y4f+Y4g)?1.0.

Abstract: In permanent magnets formed by division, a cut-out part is provided in a straight line in the matrix of the permanent magnets, a metal increasing the coercive force the permanent magnet matrix is diffused into the interior of the matrix from a surface that includes the surface of the cut-out part of the permanent magnet matrix, and the permanent magnet matrix is divided into multiple permanent magnet parts along the straight cut-out part to form the permanent magnets. An Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet may be used as the permanent magnet matrix, and dysprosium (Dy) may be used as the metal increasing the coercive force of the permanent magnet. Multiple indentations disposed in a straight line may be used as the cut-out parts, or a straight groove may also be used.

Abstract: The present invention is a steel for a mechanical structure for cold working, the steel characterized in containing C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, N, and Cr, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities; the metal composition having pearlite and pro-eutectoid ferrite; the combined area of the pearlite and pro-eutectoid ferrite being 90% or more of the total composition; the area percentage A of the pro-eutectoid ferrite having the relationship A>Ae, where Ae=(0.8?Ceq)×96.75 (Ceq=[C]+0.1×[Si]+0.06×[Mn]?0.11×[Cr], and “(element names)” indicates the element content (percent in mass); and the mean grain size of the pro-eutectoid ferrite and the ferrite in the pearlite being 15 to 25 ?m.

Abstract: A method for preparing an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet. The method includes: 1) preparing a R1—Fe—B-M alloy, pulverizing the R1—Fe—B-M alloy to yield a R1—Fe—B-M alloy powder, adding a heavy rare earth powder of R2 or R2X and subsequently adding a lubricant to the R1—Fe—B-M alloy powder and uniformly stirring to form a mixture, where R1 being Nd, Pr, Tb, Dy, La, Gd, Ho, or a mixture thereof; M being Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ga, Cu, Si, Al, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, or a mixture thereof; R2 being at least one from Tb, Dy, and Ho; X being at least one from O, F, and Cl; 2) pressing the mixture obtained in step 1) to form a compact, and sintering the compact in a pressure sintering device in vacuum or in an inactive gas atmosphere to obtain a magnet; and 3) aging the magnet obtained in step 2).

Abstract: New 6xxx aluminum alloys are disclosed. The new 6xxx aluminum alloys may include 1.05-1.50 wt. Mg, 0.60-0.95 wt. % Si, where the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Si) is from 1.30 to 1.90, 0.275-0.50 wt. % Cu, and from 0.05 to 1.0 wt. % of at least one secondary element, wherein the secondary element is selected from the group consisting of V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Carbothermic reduction of magnesium oxide at approximately 2200 degrees Kelvin yields a high temperature mixture of magnesium vapors and carbon monoxide gas. Previous processes have sought to cool or alter the mixture to cause the yield of pure magnesium, which is then used in subsequent processes for its reducing properties. The present invention takes advantage of the stability and inertness of carbon monoxide at elevated temperatures enabling the magnesium vapor/carbon monoxide gas mixture from the carbothermic process to be used directly for the production of other metals at high temperatures. For example, Chromium oxide or chloride, manganese oxide or chloride, zinc oxide or chloride or sulfide, and several other metal compounds can be reduced by the magnesium vapor/carbon monoxide gas mixture at temperatures high enough to prevent the gas mixture from back-reacting to magnesium oxide and carbon.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a method including providing a first powder comprising iron; compacting the first powder into a compacted powder product having a non-planar surface, wherein the compacting includes dynamic magnetic compaction or combustion driven compaction; and increasing the magnetic coercivity of at least one of the first powder or compact powder product.

Abstract: A NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet with composite main phase and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. In the composite main phase, a PR2(Fe1-x-yCoxAly)14B main phase is the core, ZR2(Fe1-w-nCowAln)14B main phase surrounds a periphery of the PR2(Fe1-x-yCoxAly)14B main phase, and no grain boundary phase exists between ZR2(Fe1-w-nCowAln)14B main phase and the PR2(Fe1-x-yCoxAly)14B main phase, wherein ZR represents a group of rare earth elements in which a content of heavy rare earth is higher than an average content of heavy rare earth in the composite main phase, PR represents a group of rare earth elements in which a content of heavy rare earth is lower than an average content of heavy rare earth in the composite main phase. The manufacturing method includes steps of LR—Fe—B-Ma alloy melting, HR—Fe—B-Mb alloy melting, alloy hydrogen decrepitating, metal oxide micro-powder surface absorbing and powdering, magnetic field pressing, sintering and ageing.

Abstract: By using a solder alloy consisting essentially of 0.2-1.2 mass % of Ag, 0.6-0.9 mass % of Cu, 1.2-3.0 mass % of Bi, 0.02-1.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01-2.0 mass % of In, and a remainder of Sn, it is possible to obtain portable devices having excellent resistance to drop impact and excellent heat cycle properties without developing thermal fatigue even when used in a high-temperature environment such as inside a vehicle heated by the sun or in a low-temperature environment such as outdoors in snowy weather.

Abstract: This sintered R-T-B based rare-earth magnet includes: R2Fe14B type compound crystal grains, including a light rare-earth element RL (which includes at least one of Nd and Pr) as a major rare-earth element R, as main phases; and a heavy rare-earth element RH (which includes at least one of Dy and Tb). Before its surface region is removed, the sintered R-T-B based rare-earth magnet has no layer including the rare-earth element R at a high concentration in that surface region. The sintered R-T-B based rare-earth magnet has a portion in which coercivity decreases gradually from its surface region toward its core portion. The difference in the amount of TRE between a portion of the sintered R-T-B based rare-earth magnet that reaches a depth of 500 ?m as measured from its surface region toward its core portion and the core portion of the sintered R-T-B based rare-earth magnet is 0.1 through 1.0.

Abstract: Provided is a combined type RFeB-based magnet, including: a first unit magnet; a second unit magnet; and an interface material that bonds the first unit magnet and the second unit magnet, in which the first unit magnet and the second unit magnet are RFeB-based magnets containing a light rare earth element RL that is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nd and Pr, Fe, and B, in which the interface material contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carbide, a hydroxide, and an oxide of the light rare earth element RL, and in which an amount of a heavy rare earth element RH that is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Tb and Ho in the second unit magnet is more than that in the first unit magnet.

Abstract: A type of sintered Nd—Fe—B permanent magnet with high corrosion resistance is produced by dual alloy method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing the powders of master phase alloy and intergranular phase alloy respectively, mixing the powders, compacting the powders in magnetic field, sintering the compacted body at 1050˜1125° C., and annealing at 920-1020° C. and 500-650° C. successively.

Abstract: The invention provides a pollution-free reuse method for iron-based grinding waste, involving the technology of recycling economy, with special reference to the metallurgical industry, iron-based grinding waste green recycling technology. The present invention of the iron grinding waste recycling and reuse methods includes degreasing, heat treatment, sieving, matching, and obtains iron-based alloyed powders, which can be used in SHS lined steel pipe, powder metallurgy structural component, magnetic grinding, thermal spray. More than 95% iron-based alloyed powders can be recycled from wide source of iron-based grinding waste. The invention has the advantage of low cost, no secondary pollution and wide application.

Abstract: A high strength and high toughness cast steel material of the invention has a composition comprising 0.10 to 0.20% by mass of C, 0.10 to 0.50% by mass of Si, 0.40 to 1.20% by mass of Mn, 2.00 to 3.00% by mass of Ni, 0.20 to 0.70% by mass of Cr, and 0.10 to 0.50% by mass of Mo, and further comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities. The high strength and high toughness cast steel material of the invention is produced by subjecting an ingot having the above composition to annealing at 1,000 to 1,100° C., quenching at 850 to 950° C., tempering at 610 to 670° C., and then, if desired, stress-relief annealing at less than 610° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an R-T-B based sintered magnet including R2T14B crystal grains wherein; a grain boundary is formed by two or more adjacent R2T14B crystal grains, an R—O—C concentrated part, in which concentrations of R, O and C are higher than those in the R2T14B crystal grains respectively, is in the grain boundary, and a ratio (O/R) of O atom to R atom in the R—O—C concentrated part satisfies the following formula (1): 0.4<(O/R)<0.7.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a permanent magnet includes a composition represented by a composition formula: R(FepMqCur(Co1-sAs)1-p-q-r)z, where, R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, and Hf, A is at least one element selected from Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W, 0.05?p?0.6, 0.005?q?0.1, 0.01?r?0.15, 0?s?0.2, and 4?z?9, and a two-phase structure of a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a copper-rich phase. In a cross-section of the permanent magnet containing a crystal c axis of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase, an average distance between the copper-rich phases is 120 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided is a duplex stainless steel having a high strength and a high toughness. A stainless steel according to the present invention includes: a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C: at most 0.030%, Si: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mn: at most 8.00%, P: at most 0.040%, S: at most 0.0100%, Cu: more than 2.00% and at most 4.00%, Ni: 4.00 to 8.00%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0%, Mo: at least 0.50% and less than 2.00%, N: 0.100 to 0.350%, and sol. Al: at most 0.040%, the balance being Fe and impurities; and a structure, wherein a rate of ferrite in the structure is 30 to 70%, and a hardness of the ferrite in the structure is at least 300 Hv10gf.

Abstract: A permanent magnet of an embodiment includes: a composition represented by a composition formula: R(FepMqCurCo1-p-q-r)z, where R is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and Hf, and relations of 0.3?p?0.4, 0.01?q?0.05, 0.01?r?0.1, and 7?z?8.5 (atomic ratio) are satisfied; and a structure including a cell phase having a Th2Zn17 crystal phase, and a cell wall phase existing to surround the cell phase. An average magnetization of the cell wall phase is 0.2 T or less.