Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dissolving metals in perhalide containing ionic liquids, and to the extraction of metals from mineral ores; the remediation of materials contaminated with heavy, toxic or radioactive metals; and to the removal of heavy and toxic metals from hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: Provided is an R-T-B-based magnet material alloy including an R2T14B phase which is a principal phase and R-rich phases which are phases enriched with the R, wherein the principal phase has primary dendrite arms and secondary dendrite arms diverging from the primary dendrite arms, and regions where the secondary dendrite arms have been formed constitute a volume fraction of 2 to 60% of the alloy, whereby excellent coercive force can be ensured in R-T-B-based sintered magnets even when the amount of heavy rare earth elements added to the alloy is reduced. The inter-R-rich phase spacing is preferably at most 3.0 ?m, and the volume fraction of chill crystals is preferably at most 1%. Furthermore, the secondary dendrite arm spacing is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 ?m, and the ellipsoid aspect ratio of R-rich phase is preferably at most 0.5.

Abstract: A rare earth based permanent magnet formed by a sintered compact with an R-T-B based composition, wherein, R contains R1 and R2 as the necessity, R1 represents at least one rare earth element including Y and excluding Dy, Tb and Ho, and R2 represents at least one from the group made of Dy, Tb and Ho. Its main phase grains have a core-shell structure in which a core part and shell part coating the core part are contained. When the atom concentrations of R1 and R2 in the core part and the atom concentrations of R1 and R2 in the shell part are defined as ?R1, ?R2, ?R1 and ?R2, respectively, ?R1<?R1, ?R2>?R2, ?R1<?R2 and ?R2<?R1. Relative to all the main phase grains observed at the cross-section of the sintered compact, the ratio occupied by the main phase grain having the core-shell structure is 5% or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides an R-T-B based sintered magnet having excellent corrosion resistance together with good magnetic properties. The R-T-B based sintered magnet contains R2T14B crystal grains, wherein, an R—Ga—Co—Cu—N concentrated part exists in a grain boundary formed between or among two or more adjacent R2T14B crystal grains, and the concentrations of R, Ga, Co, Cu and N in the R—Ga—Co—Cu—N concentrated part are higher than those in the R2T14B crystal grains respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is about the design and manufacturing method of constructing nano-structured lattices. The design of the four periodic two-dimensional lattices (hexagonal, triangulated, square and Kagome) is described; and the process of making nano-structured lattices is outlined in the present invention.

Abstract: A permanent magnet material and a method thereof. The permanent magnet material comprises one or more rare earth elements and one or more transition metal elements, wherein the atomic percentage of the one or more rare earth elements is less than or equal to 13%, and the permanent magnet material has a maximum magnetic energy product of greater than or equal to 18 MGOe.

Abstract: A rare earth based permanent magnet has a sintered compact with R-T-B based composition. The compact has two kinds of main phase grains M1 and M2 having different concentration distributions of R including R1 and R2 respectively representing at least one rare earth element including Y and excluding Dy, Tb and Ho, and at least one from Ho, Dy and Tb. M1 and M2 have a core-shell structure containing a shell part coating a core part. In M1, when the R1 and R2 atom concentrations in the core and shell parts are defined as ?R1, ?R2, ?R1 and ?R2, respectively, ?R1>?R1, ?R2<?R2, ?R1>?R2 and ?R1<?R2. In M2, when the R1 and R2 atom concentrations in the core and shell parts are defined as ?R1, ?R2, ?R1 and ?R2, respectively, ?R1<?R1, ?R2>?R2, ?R1<?R2 and ?R1>?R2. Ratios occupied by the main phase grains having the core-shell structure are 5% or more, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel and a preparation method thereof. The oriented silicon steel comprises the following chemical elements by weight percent: 0.035-0.120% of C, 2.9-4.5% of Si, 0.05-0.20% of Mn, 0.005-0.050% of P, 0.005-0.012% of S, 0.015-0.035% of Als, 0.001-0.010% of N, 0.05-0.30% of Cr, 0.005-0.090% of Sn, not more than 0.0100% of V, not more than 0.0100% of Ti, at least one of trace elements of Sb, Bi, Nb and Mo, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities, wherein Sb+Bi+Nb+Mo is 0.0015-0.0250% and (Sb/121.8+Bi/209.0+Nb/92.9+Mo/95.9)/(Ti/47.9+V/50.9) ranges from 0.1 to 15.

Abstract: A method for producing a sintered R-T-B based magnet of this disclosure includes the steps of preparing a plurality of sintered R-T-B based magnet bodies (R is at least one of rare earth elements and necessarily contains Nd and/or Pr; and T is at least one of transition metals and necessarily contains Fe); preparing a plurality of alloy powder particles having a size of 90 ?m or less and containing a heavy rare earth element RH (the heavy rare earth RH is Tb and/or Dy) at a content of 20 mass % or greater and 80 mass % or less; loading the plurality of sintered R-T-B based magnet bodies and the plurality of alloy powder particles of a ratio of 2% by weight or greater and 15% by weight or less with respect to the plurality of sintered R-T-B based magnet bodies into a process chamber; and heating, while rotating and/or swinging, the process chamber to move the sintered R-T-B based magnet bodies and the alloy powder particles continuously or intermittently to perform an RH supply and diffusion process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing at least one synchronizing ring includes providing a rough-turned blank made from a hardenable material that is in a not-hardened state and laser-cutting the rough-turned blank to form the at least one synchronizing ring, the laser cutting being performed with an energy chosen to be sufficient to selectively harden at least a portion of the material in a region along which the laser cutting occurs.

Abstract: In a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by comprising a series of steps of hot rolling a raw steel material comprising C: 0.002-0.10 mass %, Si: 2.0-8.0 mass %, and Mn: 0.005-1.0 mass %, subjecting the steel sheet to a hot band annealing as required, cold rolling to obtain a cold rolled sheet having a final sheet thickness, subjecting the steel sheet to primary recrystallization annealing combined with decarburization annealing, applying an annealing separator to the steel sheet surface and then subjecting to final annealing, rapid heating is performed at a rate of not less than 50° C./s in a region of 200-700° C. in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing, and the steel sheet is held at any temperature of 250-600° C. in the above region for 1-10 seconds, while a soaking process of the primary recrystallization annealing is controlled to a temperature range of 750-900° C., a time of 90-180 seconds and PH2O/PH2 in an atmosphere of 0.25-0.

Abstract: A production method for a rare earth permanent magnet, wherein: a sintered magnet body comprising an R1—Fe—B composition (R1 represents one or more elements selected from among rare earth elements, including Y and Sc) is immersed in an electrodeposition liquid comprising a slurry obtained by dispersing a powder containing an R2 fluoride (R2 represents one or more elements selected from among rare earth elements, including Y and Sc) in water; an electrodeposition process is used to coat the powder onto the surface of the sintered magnet body; and, in the state in which the powder is present on the surface of the magnet body, the magnet body and the powder are subjected to a heat treatment in a vacuum or an inert gas at a temperature equal to or less than the sintering temperature of the magnet.

Abstract: A production method for a rare earth permanent magnet, wherein: a sintered magnet body comprising an R1—Fe—B composition (R1 represents one or more elements selected from among rare earth elements, including Y and Sc) is immersed in an electrodeposition liquid obtained by dispersing a powder containing an R2 oxyfluoride and/or an R3 hydride (R2 and R3 represent one or more elements selected from among rare earth elements, including Y and Sc) in a solvent; an electrodeposition process is used to coat the powder onto the surface of the sintered magnet body; and, in the state in which the powder is present on the surface of the magnet body, the magnet body and the powder are subjected to a heat treatment in a vacuum or an inert gas at a temperature equal to or less than the sintering temperature of the magnet.

Abstract: A rare earth magnet is prepared by disposing a R1-T-B sintered body comprising a R12T14B compound as a major phase in contact with an R2-M alloy powder and effecting heat treatment for causing R2 element to diffuse into the sintered body. The alloy powder is obtained by quenching a melt containing R2 and M. R1 and R2 are rare earth elements, T is Fe and/or Co, M is selected from B, C, P, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi.

Abstract: Provided is a high-purity titanium ingot having a purity, excluding an additive element and gas components, of 99.99 mass % or more, wherein at least one nonmetallic element selected from S, P, and B is contained in a total amount of 0.1 to 100 mass ppm as the additive component and the variation in the content of the nonmetallic element between the top, middle, and bottom portions of the ingot is within ±200%. Provided is a method of manufacturing a titanium ingot containing a nonmetallic element in an amount of 0.1 to 100 mass ppm, wherein S, P, or B, which is a nonmetallic element, is added to molten titanium as an intermetallic compound or a master alloy to produce a high-purity titanium ingot having a purity, excluding an additive element and gas components, of 99.99 mass % or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a R-T-B based permanent magnet, comprising a demagnetization curve having a slope ?J/?(H/HcJ) of less than 400 kG at a region where the value of magnetic field is Hk or less, wherein it is preferable that R in the composition of R-T-B is represented by (R11-xR2x), and T represents one or more transition metal elements containing Fe or a combination of Fe and Co as necessary, where: R1 represents the rare earth element(s) composed of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and R2 contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce and La, and 0.2?x?0.7.

Abstract: A production method for a rare earth permanent magnet, wherein: a sintered magnet body comprising an R1—Fe—B composition (R1 represents one or more elements selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc) is immersed in an electrodeposition liquid obtained by dispersing a powder containing an R2 oxide (R2 represents one or more elements selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc) in a solvent; an electrodeposition process is used to coat the powder to the surface of the sintered magnet body; and, in the state in which the powder is present on the surface of the magnet body, the magnet body and the powder are subjected to heat treatment in a vacuum or an inert gas at a temperature equal to or less than the sintering temperature of the magnet.

Abstract: A ferrite magnetic material comprising a primary phase of a magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite, the primary phase having a composition represented by formula (I), can provide improved magnetic properties in terms of the residual magnetic flux density (Br), intrinsic coercive force (iHc), squareness (Hk/iHc), and maximum energy product (B.Hmax). Therefore, a segment-type permanent magnet derived therefrom can be used in the manufacture of small type motors for automobiles, motors for electric equipments as well as for home appliances, and other devices.

Abstract: Near net shape refractory material is made in combustion driven compaction. The gas mixture is combusted, driving a piston or ram into a die containing refractory material powder, compressing the powder into a near net shape. As the chamber is filled with gas, the piston or ram is allowed to rest on the powder, pre-compressing the powder and removing trapped air. During compression, forces reach 150 tsi or more. Loading occurs within several hundred milliseconds. After compression, the shaped refractory part is sintered in a hydrogen environment. This process creates near net shape components with little scrap metal. The apparatus used to perform this process is about the size of a telephone booth and can be moved with a standard forklift. The powder may include a combination of Mo—Re, Re, W—Re, HfC and Hf of a fineness dictated by desired shrinkage, resulting in a material suitable for high-stress, high-temperature applications.

Abstract: In a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by hot rolling a raw steel material containing C: 0.002˜0.10 mass %, Si: 2.0˜8.0 mass % and Mn: 0.005˜1.0 mass % to obtain a hot rolled sheet, subjecting the hot rolled sheet to a hot band annealing as required and further to one cold rolling or two or more cold rollings including an intermediate annealing therebetween to obtain a cold rolled sheet having a final sheet thickness, subjecting the cold rolled sheet to a primary recrystallization annealing combined with decarburization annealing, applying an annealing separator to the steel sheet surface and then subjecting to a final annealing, when rapid heating is performed at a rate of not less than 50° C./s in a range of 100˜700° C. in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing, the steel sheet is subjected to a holding treatment at any temperature of 250˜600° C. for 0.