Abstract: A rare earth-cobalt-based composite magnetic material includes a rare earth-cobalt-based composite material and rare earth oxides, wherein the mass percent of the rare earth-cobalt-based composite material is 40 wt %-98.55 wt %. The composite magnetic material is obtained by melting and casting the rare earth-cobalt-based composite material into ingots, hydrogen decrepitation and the addition of the rare earth oxides, jet milling, blending, orientation and molding, cold isostatic pressing and heat treatment. Low-cost rare earth oxides are introduced, the remanence of the rare earth-cobalt-based material is controlled by controlling the content of the rare earth oxides, and the coercive force of the rare earth-cobalt-based material is raised to reduce the cost by optimizing the micro-structure and the composition.

Abstract: A permanent magnet includes at least two antiferromagnetic layers and at least two first ferromagnetic layers. A magnetization direction of each first ferromagnetic layer is set, by an exchange coupling, with one of the antiferromagnetic layers of the stack, parallel to and in the same direction as the magnetization directions of the other first ferromagnetic layers. The permanent magnet also includes at least one second ferromagnetic layer. A magnetization direction of each second ferromagnetic layer is pinned only by RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) coupling with at least one of the first ferromagnetic layers or with at least one other of the second ferromagnetic layers.

Abstract: To provide a permanent magnet which uses Ce of an abundant resource and has a great magnetic anisotropy in rare earth permanent magnets. To obtain a permanent magnet having a high magnetic anisotropy due to the trivalent Ce state by setting the abundance ratio C3/(C3+C4) in the main phase grains to be 0.1?C3/(C3+C4)?0.5 where C3 denotes the number of trivalent Ce atoms and C4 denotes the number of tetravalent Ce atoms.

Abstract: An R-T-B based permanent magnet includes R-T-B based compounds as main-phase crystal grains. R is a rare earth element. T is iron group element(s) essentially including Fe or Fe and Co. B is boron. A two-grain boundary is contained between the two adjacent main-phase crystal grains. An average grain size of the main-phase crystal grains is 0.9 ?m or more and 2.8 ?m or less. A thickness of the two-grain boundary is 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

Abstract: An R-T-B based sintered magnet has a high coercivity even if the carbon content becomes high accompanying the micronization of the finely pulverized particles of the raw material. The R-T-B based sintered magnet includes an R-T-B based compound as main phase grains, wherein, the R-T-B based sintered magnet contains 0.1 mass % to 0.3 mass % of C, and an R—Ga—C concentrated part exists in the grain boundary formed between or among two or more adjacent main phase grains, and the concentrations of R, Ga and C in the R—Ga—C concentrated part are higher than those in the main phase grains respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a process for silver nanowire production in which the major-axis length of the silver nanowires can be controlled in a wide range and an agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires. A process for silver nanowire production which is characterized in that an agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires which comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable monomers comprising an N-substituted (meth)acrylamide is reacted with a silver compound in a polyol at 25-180° C. The agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires is characterized by comprising a polymer which has units of an N-substituted (meth)acrylamide as a polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: A step of, while a powder of an RLM alloy (where RL is Nd and/or Pr; M is one or more elements selected from among Cu, Fe, Ga, Co, Ni and Al) and a powder of an RH compound (where RH is Dy and/or Tb; and the RH compound is one, or two or more, selected from among an RH fluoride, an RH oxide, and an RH oxyfluoride) are present on the surface of a sintered R-T-B based magnet, performing a heat treatment at a sintering temperature of the sintered R-T-B based magnet or lower is included. The RLM alloy contains RL in an amount of 65 at % or more, and the melting point of the RLM alloy is equal to or less than the temperature of the heat treatment. The heat treatment is performed while the RLM alloy powder and the RH compound powder are present on the surface of the sintered R-T-B based magnet at a mass ratio of RLM alloy:RH compound=9.6:0.4 to 5:5.

Abstract: There is provided a rare earth-cobalt permanent magnet containing 23 to 27 wt % R, 3.5 to 5 wt % Cu, 18 to 25 wt % Fe, 1.5 to 3 wt % Zr, and a remainder Co with inevitable impurities, where an element R is a rare earth element at least containing Sm. It has a metal structure including a cell phase (11) containing Sm2Co17 phase and a cell wall (12) surrounding the cell phase (11) and containing SmCo5 phase.

Abstract: In an alloy for an R-T-B-based rare earth sintered magnet of the present invention formed of a rare earth element R, a transition metal T containing Fe as a main component, a metal element M containing one or more types of metals selected from Al, Ga, and Cu, and B and inevitable impurities, 13 at % to 16 at % of R is contained, 4.5 at % to 6.2 at % of B is contained, 0.1 at % to 2.4 at % of M is contained, the balance is T and the inevitable impurities, a proportion of Dy in the entire rare earth element is 0 at % to 65 at %, Formula 1 described below is satisfied, a main phase containing R2Fe14B and an alloy grain boundary phase containing more R than the main phase are included, and a distance between the alloy grain boundary phases is greater than or equal to 3 ?m and less than or equal to 11 ?m. 0.30?B/TRE?0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a rare earth permanent magnet including preparing a NdFeB sintered magnet, coating a surface of the NdFeB sintered magnet with a grain boundary diffusion material including R hydrate or R fluoride, and RaMb or M, to form a grain boundary diffusion coating layer, and diffusing the grain boundary diffusion material into a grain boundary of the NdFeB sintered magnet by heat treatment, wherein M is a metal having a melting point higher than a heat treatment temperature during the diffusion, R is a rare earth element, and a and b each represent atomic percentages which satisfy the following Equations (1) and (2): 0.1<a<99.9??(1) a+b=100??(2).

Abstract: An intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium and a method of forming and reading the same are provided herein. Also provided is an identification card or tag, a key, an anti-counterfeiting measure, an anti-forging measure. The intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium includes a magnetically readable surface, wherein the magnetically readable surface contains one or more first magnetically readable regions of the intermetallic or iron aluminide surrounded by one or more second magnetically readable regions. Additionally, the intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium can be coated, encapsulated or concealed within a material.

Abstract: A permanent magnet of the embodiment includes: a composition represented by a composition formula: R(FepMqCurCtCo1-p-q-r-t)z (R is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr and Hf, 0.27?p?0.45, 0.01?q?0.05, 0.01?r?0.1, 0.002?t?0.03, and 6?z?9); and a metallic structure including a main phase containing a Th2Zn17 crystal phase, and a sub phase of the element M having an element M concentration of 30 atomic % or more. The sub phase of the element M precipitates in the metallic structure. A ratio of a circumferential length to a precipitated area of the sub phase of the element M is 1 or more and 10 or less.

Abstract: A rapidly quenched Fe-based soft-magnetic alloy ribbon having wave-like undulations on a free surface, the wave-like undulations having transverse troughs arranged at substantially constant intervals in a longitudinal direction, and the troughs having an average amplitude D of 20 mm or less, is produced by a method comprising (a) keeping a transverse temperature distribution in a melt nozzle within ±15° C. to have as small a temperature distribution as possible in a melt paddle of the alloy, and (b) forming numerous fine linear scratches on a cooling roll surface by a wire brush, thereby providing a ground surface of the cooling roll with an arithmetical mean (average) roughness Ra of 0.1-1 ?m and a maximum roughness depth Rmax of 0.5-10 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a rare earth magnet ensuring excellent magnetic anisotropy while reducing the amount of Nd, etc., and a manufacturing method thereof. A rare earth magnet comprising a crystal grain having an overall composition of (R2(1-x)R1x)yFe100-y-w-z-vCowBzTMv (wherein R2 is at least one of Nd, Pr, Dy and Tb, R1 is an alloy of at least one or two or more of Ce, La, Gd, Y and Sc, TM is at least one of Ga, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Zn, In and Mn, 0<x<1, y=12 to 20, z=5.6 to 6.5, w=0 to 8, and v=0 to 2), wherein the average grain size of the crystal grain is 1,000 nm or less, the crystal grain consists of a core and an outer shell, the core has a composition of R1 that is richer than R2, and the outer shell has a composition of R2 that is richer than R1.

Abstract: A high-performance NdFeB permanent magnet produced with NdFeB scraps and a production method thereof are provided. The production method includes steps of: under a vacuum condition, sending a portion of raw materials, including pure iron, ferro-iron, the NdFeB scraps and rare earth fluorides, into a crucible, refining, and obtaining a first melting liquid; absorbing slags by a slag cleaning device, and moving the slag cleaning device out; sending a rest of raw materials into the crucible, refining the first melting liquid and the rest of raw materials in the crucible, and obtaining a second melting liquid; pouring the second melting liquid after refining onto a surface of a water-cooled rotation roller through a tundish, and forming alloy flakes; processing the alloy flakes with hydrogen decrepitation, milling the alloy flakes into powders by a jet mill, then magnetic field pressing, presintering and sintering.

Abstract: A low alloy, high performance steel having high impact toughness and high ductility, as well as methods of making and heat treating the alloy, are provided. The alloy steel composition consists essentially of about 0.24% to about 0.32% carbon, about 2.00% to about 3.00% chromium, about 0.50% to about 1.50% molybdenum, about 0.05% to about 0.35% vanadium, about 1.00% manganese or less, about 3.00% nickel or less, about 1.50% silicon or less, with minimal impurities, and balance consisting essentially of iron, wherein % is weight percent based on the entire weight of the alloy steel composition. The impurities may include about 0.20% copper or less, about 0.015% phosphorous or less, about 0.012% sulfur or less, about 0.02% calcium or less, about 0.15% nitrogen or less, and/or about 0.025% aluminum or less. Also disclosed is a hardened and tempered article that has high impact toughness, as well as other favorable physical properties.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an R-T-B based sintered magnet includes: 1) a step of preparing an R-T-B based sintered magnet material by sintering a molded body, the sintered magnet material having a particular composition and satisfying inequality expressions (1) and (2); 2) a high-temperature heat treatment step of heating the sintered magnet material to a heating temperature of 730° C. to 1,020° C. and then cooling the sintered magnet material to 300° C. at a cooling rate of 5° C./min or more; and 3) a low-temperature heat treatment step of heating the sintered magnet material after the high-temperature heat treatment step to 440° C. to 550° C.: [T]?72.3[B]>0??(1) ([T]?72.3[B])/55.85<13[Ga]/69.72??(2) where [T] is a T content in percent by mass, [B] is a B content in percent by mass, and [Ga] is a Ga content in percent by mass.

Abstract: Magnetic nanocomposites are disclosed with aligned, rod-shaped, rare-earth-free and Pt-free metal domains in a rigid, non-metallic matrix. In some variations, the invention provides a magnetic nanocomposite comprising metallic nanorods dispersed within a continuous and rigid non-metallic matrix. The nanorods have an average nanorod length-to-width ratio of at least 2. The nanorods are alignable and may be aligned in one axial direction with magnetic or mechanical forces. Some variations provide a method of forming a magnetic nanocomposite, comprising: dispersing metal oxide nanorods into a hardenable non-metallic material; thermally or chemically reducing the metal oxide nanorods to form magnetic metallic nanorods; aligning nanorods in one axial direction within the hardenable non-metallic material; and hardening the non-metallic material to form a continuous and rigid non-metallic matrix containing the metallic nanorods.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a rare-earth magnet includes: manufacturing a sintered body having by performing pressing on a magnetic powder for a rare-earth magnet; and manufacturing a rare-earth magnet by putting the sintered body in a plastic working mold and by performing hot plastic working on the sintered body while pressing the sintered body to give anisotropy to the sintered body. The sintered body has a cuboid shape and includes at least one recessed side face that has a recessed portion curved inward. The plastic working mold includes a lower die, a side die forming a rectangular frame of four side faces, and an upper die slidable in the side die. The hot plastic working is hot upsetting.

Abstract: In a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by hot rolling a steel slab comprising C: 0.04-0.12 mass %, Si: 1.5-5.0 mass %, Mn: 0.01-1.0 mass %, sol. Al: 0.010-0.040 mass %, N: 0.004-0.02 mass %, one or two of S and Se: 0.005-0.05 mass % in total of S and Se, cold rolling, and subjecting to primary recrystallization annealing and further to final annealing, a content ratio of sol. Al to N in the steel slab (sol. Al/N) and a final thickness d (mm) satisfy an equation of 4d+1.52?sol. Al/N?4d+2.32, and the steel sheet in the heating process of the final annealing is held at a temperature of 775-875° C. for 40-200 hours and then heated in a temperature region of 875-1050° C. at a heating rate of 10-60° C./hr to preform secondary recrystallization and purification treatment, whereby an extremely-thin grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a low iron loss and a small deviation in coil is produced.