Abstract: A liquid crystal display unit comprising a liquid crystal panel 21 having a plurality of liquid crystal pixels and a plurality of switching elements provided in response to the respective pixels; a back light 22 disposed at the back of the liquid crystal panel 21 and guides red, green, and blue light to the surface thereof; an image memory 30 for storing pixel data PD to be displayed on the respective pixels; an inverted data generating circuit 36 for generating inverted pixel data #PD of the respective pixel data PD; and a control signal generating circuit 31 and a data driver 32 wherein first scanning for writing the pixel data PD with respect to individual pixels of the liquid crystal panel 21 during each period in which red, green, and blue light are emitted in time-sharing manner, and second scanning for writing the inverted pixel data #PD with respect thereto are carried out in this order.

Abstract: A plasma display panel of a matrix display type, having a first electrode and a second electrode which constitute a main electrode pair, the first electrode and the second electrode being covered with an insulating layer against a discharge gas, wherein the insulating layer comprises a magnesium oxide film formed at least as a surface layer thereof which is in contact with the discharge gas, the magnesium oxide film having an impedance in the range of 230 to 330 k&OHgr;/cm2 at a frequency of 100 Hz.

Abstract: When a photopolymerization compound (molecular weight: not less than 300) having at least two ultraviolet light sensitive portions in its molecular structure is mixed with ferroelectric liquid crystal and an exposure to ultraviolet light is performed, a continuous structure is formed over almost whole length between two glass substrates, and a continuous twisted structure is formed between the glass substrates in the state of liquid crystal molecular orientation. Before the exposure to ultraviolet light, the photopolymerization compound does not exhibit satisfactory compatibility with the ferroelectric liquid crystal to be mixed, but exhibits phase separation in the mixed state. The ferroelectric liquid crystal has a bookshelf layer structure.

Abstract: A process for forming a fluorescent layer on an electrode disposed on a substrate for display panel includes the steps of: placing an opening of a housing section for housing a fluorescent paste opposite to the electrode on the substrate; and applying a voltage between the electrode on the substrate and a control electrode disposed inside the housing section in this state, whereby the fluorescent paste inside the housing section is exactly applied onto the electrode via the opening. Also, an apparatus for forming a fluorescent layer on a substrate for display panel using the process is disclosed.

Abstract: A display control method of a liquid crystal displaying apparatus for driving a liquid crystal panel comprising two substrates, and a liquid crystal layer therebetween. The driving means includes: pixel electrodes each corresponding to a pixel; and for time-division, emitting an LED (Light Emitting Diode) array for red, green, and blue as a back light within each display period, in synchronization with the on/off operation of the pixel electrodes. Each display period is divided into four. The LEDs in the LED array emit red, green, and blue lights in one of the divided periods. Then, one of the three colors is emitted again. This method solves the problem of the conventional control method for performing time-division color display in a liquid crystal displaying apparatus; namely, the insufficient emission intensity of LEDs makes the intensity of the entire liquid display apparatus insufficient, such that white is seen as somewhat grayish white to the human eye.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin molded article having gloss of at least one surface above 80%, a storage modulus in common logarithm being 7 to 8 MPa within a temperature range higher by 20.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. than the glass transition temperature, a cooling distortion ratio of 1.0 kg/cm.sup.2 .multidot..degree.C. or less when the molded article is cooled from 130.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. and an Izod impact strength of 2.0 kj/m.sup.2 or more, is provided, together with a thermoplastic resin composition containing a polybutylene terephthalate resin, a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a (metha)acrylic resin, a polymer particle of a multi-layer structure and an inorganic filler, which composition is used for producing the molded article.

Abstract: A fluorescent layer formation process which comprises dispersing particles of a fluorescent substance and particles of a (meth)acrylic resin as a binder or particles of the fluorescent substance coated with the (meth)acrylic resin in a medium incapable of dissolving the resin therein to prepare a fluorescent paste; applying the fluorescent paste on a fluorescent layer formation surface to form a paste layer; and baking the paste layer at such a temperature that the resin is substantially decomposed or burnt out, thereby to form a fluorescent layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first electrode pattern formed on the first substrate, a first molecular orientation film, formed on the first substrate to cover the first electrode pattern, for orienting liquid crystal molecules. The display device further includes a second substrate formed in a position parallel to and apart from the first substrate, a second electrode pattern formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, a second molecular orientation film, formed on the second substrate to cover the second electrode pattern, for orienting the liquid crystal molecules. And the display device further includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer filled in a gap between the first molecular orientation film and the second molecular orientation film.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD employs a phase transition liquid crystal. An AC waveform drives the liquid crystal. Pauses, which represent periods in which zero volts are applied to the LCD, are inserted into the AC waveform to attenuate the internal electric fields produced by the electric field reactions of molecules in the phase transition liquid crystal. This method allows thin film transistors to drive the phase transition liquid crystal, thus realizing a projection LCD that employs no polarizing film and is bright and stable.

Abstract: A method for driving a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element uses a selection voltage, a half-selection voltage, and a non-selection voltage. A relative ratio between the selection voltage, half-selection voltage, and non-selection voltage of a drive signal is changed, or absolute levels of the selection voltage, half-selection voltage, and non-selection voltage are changed. Consequently, a plurality of gradations of the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element can be obtained.

Abstract: An optical switching device of the present invention includes at least two substrates disposed facing opposite to each other. By scattering hard spacers which are thermally undeformable and soft spacers which are larger in size than the hard spacers and adapted to deform and then to cure by heat to adhere to the substrates, the spacing defined between the substrates is kept constant by diameters of the hard spacers. A medium having an optical switching function is retained in a gap defined between the substrates. The periphery of the gap between the substrates is sealed with a sealer. The sealer is made of a thermosetting resin having a thermosetting point equal to or higher than the thermosetting point of the soft spacers.

Abstract: In a ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprising a pair of transparent substrates each provided with a transparent electrode and an aligning film and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between said substrates, the aligning film is subjected to a deionization treatment with, for example, an ion-exchange resin to reduce the total content of impurity ions in the aligning film of a polyimide resin or the like to 300 ppm or less, to reduce the total content of impurity cations to 200 ppm or less, to reduce the total content of Cl.sup.-, (COO.sub.2).sup.2- and CH.sub.3 COO.sup.- to 100 ppm or less and the content of each of these ions to 50 ppm or less, or to reduce the total content of PO.sub.4.sup.3-, NO.sub.3.sup.- and SO.sub.4.sup.2- to 100 ppm or less and the content of each of these ions to 50 ppm or less.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display element equipped with a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer exhibiting a bookshelf layer structure and having a helical pitch of about one or two times a thickness thereof. A ferroelectric liquid crystal display element equipped with a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer holding a mingling state of two areas: one is an area where a polarization direction after removing of a predetermined voltage over the threshold voltage for a spontaneous polarization remains as inverted; and the other is an area where the polarization direction is again inverted back to the original.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which comprises an orientation film and at least one charge transporting material doped in the orientation film. The charge transporting material having an amount being sufficient to cause a leakage of an electric charge temporarily accumulated in the orientation film or a portion adjacent thereto, during an operation of the device, to thereby inhibit a formation of an electric bilayer in the device. Since the formation of an electric bilayer is inhibited, generation of crosstalk and reduction of display characteristics such as memory properties of the LC display device are effectively prevented.

Abstract: A phase transition-type liquid crystal composition including a mixture of ester-type liquid crystal compound and chiral nematic liquid crystal compound having added thereto at least one of ethane-type liquid crystal compound and bicyclohexane-type liquid crystal compound. The liquid crystal composition exhibits an extended width (.DELTA.V) of voltage hysteresis and therefore a stabilized homeotropic (H') state, when its voltage hysteresis curve is plotted. The liquid crystal display devices or elements using this composition have a fast response characteristic and enable a large scale or area display and an input operation using keyboards.

Abstract: A motor for a disc driving device having a single straight shaft for rotating a magnetic disc mounted on a hub press-fitted to the single shaft. The single straight shaft is prevented from being driven out of the hub by providing internal threads at both ends of the straight shaft for engaging first and second screws through the internal threads respectively. The first screw causes a clamper to depress a magnetic hard disc against the hub, the second screw is provided to prevent the single straight shaft from being driven out of the hub. The straight shaft abuts a first and second bearing separated by spacer means disposed under the hub in alignment with the first and second inner races of the first and second bearing.

Abstract: This invention is directed to reduce the viscosity of a naphthalene type mixed liquid crystal and to improve display quality while maintaining a bookshelf layer structure. The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises 70 to 97 parts by weight of a naphthalene base mixed liquid crystal and 3 to 30 parts by weight of a predetermined tolan type liquid crystal.

Abstract: An optical switching device comprising a first layer having a first refractive index and having a first side where a coherent light is to be entered into the first layer and a second side opposite the first side, second and third layers sandwiching the first layer, the second layer having a main surface, and electrodes sandwiching the second and third layers for applying a voltage between the second and third layers, wherein a refractive index of the second layer can be changed from second to third and from third to second refractive indexes by an electro-optical effect using the voltage, the second refractive index being larger than the third refractive index, wherein the coherent light entering the first layer is totally reflected by the second layer when the second layer has the second refractive index, and at least part of the coherent light is transmitted through the second layer toward the outside of the main surface of the second layer when the second layer has the third refractive index.