Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal composition having an optically active compound as at least one constituent and showing a cholesteric phase in a bulk state, wherein the liquid crystal composition is arranged between substrates, at least one of which is provided with a transparent electrode, so that long axes of individual liquid crystal molecules are in parallel to one another and are oriented in the same direction as the surfaces of the substrates, and the long axes of the molecules are uniformly aligned in parallel, vertically or inclined to the surfaces of the substrates, wherein the gap d (.mu.m) between the substrates and the size p (.mu.m) of the helical pitch shown by the cholesteric phase liquid crystal at room temperature when an electric field is not applied satisfy the following relationships:d/p.gtoreq. 1.

Abstract: A method for driving a phase transition type liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal display panel, fabricated by filling and sealing a phase transition type liquid crystal in a space formed between two substrates including two groups of electrodes thereon respectively and having a driving means applying the voltage between different electrodes, comprises a process of altering the length of the helical pitch by a time by applying the voltage a little higher or lower than the sustaining voltage to the selected picture elements for a short time or a process of altering the length thereof partially in one element by applying a similar voltage in the given portion of each element, so that gradational display with the middle brightness is attained.

Abstract: A rolling-contact type bearing for rotatably supporting a spindle of a machine is cooled by a temperature controlled liquid lubricant supplied to an internal cavity or passageways provided in the spindle, and circulated toward the bearing so that the temperature controlled liquid lubricant comes into direct or indirect contact with the bearing in the order of the inner race, the rolling element, and the outer recess, to thereby apply a cooling and lubricating effect to those elements. The lubricant after cooling is collected to a lubricant-temperature controller to be subjected to a temperature control treatment for reuse as a coolant. An air seal is applied to a lubricant entrance of the spindle where the temperature controlled lubricant is supplied from a lubricant supply member into the spindle, to thereby prevent a leakage of the lubricant toward the exterior.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal composition having an optically active compound as at least one constituent and showing a cholesteric phase in a bulk state, wherein the liquid crystal composition is arranged between substrates, at least one of which is provided with a transparent electrode, so that long axes of individual liquid crystal molecules are in parallel to one another an are oriented in the same direction as the surfaces of the substrates, and the long axes of the molecules are uniformly aligned in parallel, vertically or inclined to the surfaces of the substrates, wherein the gap d (.mu.m) between the substrates and the size p (.mu.m) of the helical pitch shown by the cholesteric phase liquid crystal at room temperature when an electric field is not applied satisfy the following relationships:d/p.gtoreq.1.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal is formed by incorporating, as the main component, a predetermined amount of a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a specific naphthalene ring structure into conventional liquid crystals. This liquid crystal composition has a broad driving temperature range and in particular, can be effectively driven even in a low-temperature region. Moreover, this liquid crystal composition has a high orientation uniformity, a high memory stability, and a high contrast ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the production of methacrylic type resin molded items which produces methacrylic type resin molded items having excellent mar resistance, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like bycontacting(A) a preliminary reaction product obtained by polymerizing a composition composed of a hydrolyzate of an alkoxysilane having a (meth)acryloxy group and silica gel to a reaction ratio of 15 to 60, with(B) a base molding material composed of a (meth)acrylic type partially crosslinked gel polymer obtained by mixing (i) a raw resin material selected from the group consisting of an alkyl methacrylate monomer, mixtures of .alpha., .beta.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a layer of a ferroelectric liquid crystal material sandwiched between opposed first and second electrodes. The display device further comprises a dielectric layer as a capacitative element which is electrically connected through an electrically conductive connecting means to the first electrode so that the dielectric layer and the liquid crystal material are connected in parallel with regard to an external electric source. The display device provides a large area and high information content display, high contrast ratio display, and high gradation display, together with a stabilized memory effect.

Abstract: Super twisted nematic liquid crystal materials containing at least one double chiral nematic liquid crystal compound of the following general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and each represents a methyl group or an ethoxy group,m is an integer of 2 to 12,n is an integer of 2 to 12, andthe symbols *.sup.1 and *.sup.2 each denote a chiral center of an (S)- or (R)-modification of the compound, and liquid crystal display devices using such liquid crystal materials. The display devices can provide a high information content of 640.times.400 dots or more without cross-talk among the images.

Abstract: A three-phase direct-current motor has a field magnet having P field poles positioned as a circular array at angularly equally spaced intervals, and an armature having cores providing N slots with three-phase coils disposed therein, either the field magnet or the armature being rotatable with respect to the other. P and N are defined by P=2(4n+3) and N=3(2n+1) where n is an integer of 1 or more, and being selected such that the least common multiple of N and P is equal to N.times.P. Alternatively, P and N are defined by P=2(3n.+-.1) and N=6n where n is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: A molded article of methacrylic resin formed of a cross-linked polymer having at least part of the surface thereof coated with an abrasion resistant layer in contact with a basic molding material made of a methacrylic partially cross-linked gel thereby allowing the methacrylic partially cross-linked gel consequently produced to possess the property of retaining the polymerization in a stopped state, and simultaneously polymerizing said two materials held in mutual contact under a condition capable of imparting a desired shape to the combined materials.

Abstract: A bright and large information capacity projection-type multi-color liquid crystal display is realized by a display device which includes a liquid crystal panel having a plurality of layers of cholesteric-nematic phase transition type liquid crystals having a positive dielectric anisotropy and phase transition hysterisis when a voltage is applied. The liquid crystals are driven to be in homeotropic and focalconic textures which are maintained when at a certain voltage is applied thereto. A desired color of the projected display can be obtained by selecting a thickness of the liquid crystal layer and a refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: A molded article of methacrylic resin formed of a cross-linked polymer having at least part of the surface thereof coated with an abrasion resistant layer in contact with a basic molding material made of a methacrylic partially cross-linked gel thereby allowing the methacrylic partially cross-linked gel consequently produced to possess the property of retaining the polymerization in a stopped state, and simultaneously polymerizing said two materials held in mutual contact under a condition capable of imparting a desired shape to the combined materials.

Abstract: A cholesteric-nematic phase transition type liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy is used in a projection type liquid crystal display device. This allows a bright and high information contents display with a compact, light, and low cost device and allows machinery input and thus simultaneous display at remote places, such as remote conference rooms or remote notice boards, in bright locations.

Abstract: A visible ray-recording hologram material comprising a polymer containing a carbazole ring, iodoform, and an aromatic colorant having a fused ring system. This material enables recording with rays having a wavelength of 450 to 550 nm.

Abstract: A storage type liquid crystal composition in which a nematic-cholesteric mesophase transition is utilized and the anisotropy of the dielectric constant is positive and an X-Y dot-matrix-type storage-type liquid-crystal display element comprising the composition. The present liquid crystal composition has low driving voltage and long memory effect. This composition comprises a cyclohexane-type liquid crystal, an azoxy-type liquid crystal, and a compensated cholesteric liquid crystal and/or cholesteryl oleate.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition containing esters constituted with glycerol, fatty acid and boric acid, which esters having carboxylic acid residue, glycerol residue and boric acid residue at a specific proportion.The proportion for the carboxylic acid residue and glycerol residue ranges 0-2.0 mols and 1.5-2.0 mols respectively per unit mol of a boric acid residue, and the glycerol residue is 1.2 mols or more based on 1 mol of the carboxylic acid residue.Lubricating oil additives according to the invention have almost no corrosion property in bearing portions, and do not form any solid film on themselves when allowed to stand in the air.