Abstract: A device with an autonomous sleep characteristic, which is in communication with a host, is described. The device includes one or more communication subsystems. Each communication subsystem maintains a sleep activity indicator that indicates whether a corresponding communication subsystem is allowed to go to sleep. Each communication subsystem can autonomously enter a sleep state, when its sleep activity indicator indicates that the corresponding communication subsystem is, in fact, allowed to go to sleep. The device also includes a controller. The controller has a block memory which stores data written to the device from the host. The controller further includes a sleep state indicator that indicates a sleep state of each communication subsystem.

Abstract: A dual platform communication controller, a method of controlling communication of data packets based on different communication standards and a wireless transceiver. In one embodiment, the dual platform communication controller includes: (1) a signal interpreter configured to recognize first data packets based on a first communication standard and second data packets based on a second communication standard and (2) a traffic manager coupled to the signal interpreter and configured to dynamically control communication of the second data packets including active second data packets and allocate bandwidth for communication of the first and second data packets.

Abstract: A novel and useful mechanism for reducing the required backoff and the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) needed for an OFDM transmitter whiles still meeting spectral mask and EVM specifications. The mechanism searches, for each packet to be transmitted, for several possible scrambler and encryption sequences that would yield the best spectral mask and EVM with lowest PAPR. The search can be performed using the existing transmitter and receiver PHY circuit chain to modulate and demodulate the candidate hypotheses. Once the scrambler sequence and/or encryption sequence is selected, the packet is transmitted using the selected scrambler and encryption sequences. In addition, the invention exploits the fact that even for very low backoff margins, a reduced number of candidate hypotheses may be tested while still yielding a high probability of meet the spectral mask and EVM specifications.

Abstract: A novel and useful self-calibration based production line testing mechanism utilizing built-in closed loop measurements in the radio to calibrate the output power of an external power amplifier coupled to a SoC radio. The mechanism is applicable during production line testing and calibration which is performed on each SoC and associated external power amplifier after assembly at the target PCB of the final product. The mechanism calibrates the TX output power in three phases based on loopback EVM measurements. In a first phase, the PPA in the radio (SoC) is calibrated and gain versus output power is stored in a gain table in on-chip NVS. In a second phase, the maximum PPA TX power is determined using closed loop EVM measurements. The external PA is calibrated in a third phase and the maximum PA power is determined. During this third phase, the maximum power of the device is calculated, compared to the requirements of the particular standard and a pass/fail determination is thereby made.

Abstract: A dual platform communication controller, a method of controlling communication of data packets based on different communication standards and a wireless transceiver. In one embodiment, the dual platform communication controller includes: (1) a signal interpreter configured to recognize first data packets based on a first communication standard and second data packets based on a second communication standard and (2) a traffic manager coupled to the signal interpreter and configured to dynamically control communication of the second data packets including active second data packets and allocate bandwidth for communication of the first and second data packets.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of a unified IO controller well suited for use in integrated wireless devices incorporating multiple functions. The unified IO controller is operative to provide a single host interface PHY/MAC that is shared among all functions on the controller. The invention provides an IO protocol handler comprising common and unified logic that provides IO access to any function on the device. The common and unified IO PHY interface logic is shared between multiple functions within the same device (e.g., WLAN, GPS, Bluetooth, etc.). This implementation provides optimized hardware partitioning in which common SDIO logic serves multiple functions thereby eliminating the need to provide a protocol handler for each function, reducing pin count, power consumption and die size, since the SDIO protocol handling is implemented in a shared module.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of reducing or minimizing the power required to detect WLAN signals. The present invention provides a mechanism of detecting WLAN signals using either a modified receive path or a separate low power receiver co-located with the WLAN radio. A secondary radio (such as a Bluetooth receiver) is used to detect the WLAN signals, rather than the primary WLAN radio, wherein the secondary radio consumes significantly less power than the primary radio. To search for a new packet to receive, the WLAN device de-activates or shuts down most of its RF, MAC and PHY circuitry to a level that permits it to be re-activated (i.e. turned back on) within a certain time. The lower power receiver is then used to detect the WLAN signal. If a WLAN signal is detected, the WLAN radio is notified which causes it to be re-activated within sufficient time to receive the packet header. If the WLAN radio detects a valid WLAN packet, the WLAN radio proceeds to receive the remainder of the packet.

Abstract: A novel and useful self-calibration based production line testing mechanism utilizing built-in closed loop measurements in the radio to calibrate the output power of an external power amplifier coupled to a SoC radio. The mechanism is applicable during production line testing and calibration which is performed on each SoC and associated external power amplifier after assembly at the target PCB of the final product. The mechanism calibrates the TX output power in three phases based on loopback EVM measurements. In a first phase, the PPA in the radio (SoC) is calibrated and gain versus output power is stored in a gain table in on-chip NVS. In a second phase, the maximum PPA TX power is determined using closed loop EVM measurements. The external PA is calibrated in a third phase and the maximum PA power is determined. During this third phase, the maximum power of the device is calculated, compared to the requirements of the particular standard and a pass/fail determination is thereby made.

Abstract: A novel and useful mechanism for reducing the required backoff and the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) needed for an OFDM transmitter whiles still meeting spectral mask and EVM specifications. The mechanism searches, for each packet to be transmitted, for several possible scrambler and encryption sequences that would yield the best spectral mask and EVM with lowest PAPR. The search can be performed using the existing transmitter and receiver PHY circuit chain to modulate and demodulate the candidate hypotheses. Once the scrambler sequence and/or encryption sequence is selected, the packet is transmitted using the selected scrambler and encryption sequences. In addition, the invention exploits the fact that even for very low backoff margins, a reduced number of candidate hypotheses may be tested while still yielding a high probability of meet the spectral mask and EVM specifications.

Abstract: Energy converting system including a cell array and a light concentrating unit directing concentrated light at the cell array, the cell array including a plurality of cells, wherein the cells are coupled together according to the flux of the concentrated light which reaches each of the cells.

Abstract: Energy converting system including a cell array and a light concentrating unit directing concentrated light at the cell array, the cell array including a plurality of cells, wherein the cells are coupled together according to the flux of the concentrated light which reaches each of the cells.