Abstract: A recording medium and method and apparatus for reproducing and recording text subtitle streams are disclosed. Each text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment defining a set of region styles and at least one dialog presentation segment, each of which contains one or more regions of dialog text. Each region of dialog text is linked to one of the set of region styles defined in the dialog style segment, and includes at least one pair of an inline style and a text string. The inline style is configured to change one of region presentation properties specified by the linked region style for the text string.

Abstract: A buffer initially preloads a text subtitle stream recorded on a recording medium. The preloaded text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment and a plurality of dialog presentation segments. The dialog style segment defines a group of region styles and palette information. Each dialog presentation segment contains at least one region of dialog text, where each region of dialog text is linked to a selected one of the group of region styles defined in the dialog style segment. A text subtitle decoder reads a palette update flag included in each dialog presentation segment and presents each dialog presentation segment according to an indication of the palette update flag. The palette update flag indicates whether to use the palette information defined in the dialog style segment or to use new palette information when presenting each dialog presentation segment.

Abstract: A recording medium, method, and apparatus for reproducing text subtitle streams are disclosed. A microcomputer initially reads a set of PlayItems and a SubPlayItem included in a PlayList which is recorded on a recording medium, and it further reads synchronization information included in the SubPlayItem. Each PlayItem is configured to reproduce at least one main AV stream, and the SubPlayItem is configured to reproduce a text subtitle stream. The synchronization information indicates a presentation start time of the SubPlayItem on a global time axis of the PlayList. When the PlayList is randomly accessed at a random access time on the global time axis, the microcomputer calculates a corresponding access time on a time axis of the SubPlayItem. Then a text subtitle decoder decodes for presentation a dialog presentation segment with the closest dialog start time after the corresponding access time on the axis of the SubPlayItem.

Abstract: A buffer initially preloads a text subtitle stream recorded on a recording medium. The preloaded text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment defining a group of region styles and a plurality of dialog presentation segments, each of which contains at least one region of dialog text. Each region of dialog text is linked to a selected one of the group of region styles defined in the dialog style segment. The dialog style segment and the plurality of dialog presentation segments are encapsulated in a plurality of PES packets, respectively. A text subtitle decoder decodes and presents each dialog presentation segment according to a continuous presentation flag included in each dialog presentation segment. The continuous presentation flag indicates whether continuous presentation is required for each dialog presentation segment with previous one.

Abstract: At least one text subtitle stream is recorded on a recording medium. Each text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment defining a set of region styles and at least one dialog presentation segment. Each dialog presentation segment contains at least one region of dialog text and being linked to at least one of the set of region styles. The dialog style segment further defines a set of user control styles for each region style. Each user control style is selectable by a user and is configured to change at least one of region presentation properties specified by a corresponding region style.

Abstract: A recording medium, a method and apparatus for recording on a recordable recording medium, and a method for managing backup files of the same are disclosed. The method for recording on a recordable recording medium includes recording original stream files and original management files in a specific area on the recording medium, and recording backup management files corresponding to the original management files in another specific area on the recording medium. Accordingly, more reliable management files can be provided, thereby allowing recording and reproducing of an optical disc to be performed with more efficiency.

Abstract: A high density optical disc and a method for creating and reproducing a file system of the same are disclosed. In recording a file system information on an optical disc, the method for creating a file system of a high density optical disc includes recording a main volume descriptor sequence and a reserve volume descriptor sequence, wherein each of the main volume descriptor sequence and the reserve volume descriptor sequence is recorded in a different ECC block. Accordingly, a highly reliable file system information may be provided.

Abstract: A method for reproducing text subtitle streams and a text subtitle decoding system are disclosed. An entire subtitle text subtitle file designated in a playlist file and font files related to the subtitle text subtitle file are initially preloaded into a subtitle preloading buffer and a font preloading buffer, respectively, before starting playback of the playlist file. Thereafter, the playlist file is played back in order to reproduce at least one audio/video (AV) stream file further designated in the playlist file and the preloaded text subtitle file simultaneously.

Abstract: In the data structure for managing data streams associated with different languages, a playlist including at least one playitem for managing reproduction of a main data stream is provided. The playitem includes a table defining a list of data streams. The list of data streams includes the main data stream and a data stream of at least one type of supplemental data stream. The table includes language information on each supplemental data stream of the type of supplemental data stream, and the language information indicates a language associated with the supplemental data stream.

Abstract: In the data structure for managing text subtitles, a dialog presentation segment includes text subtitle data of each text subtitle for presentation during a presentation time slot. The dialog presentation segment provides a presentation time stamp start time and a presentation time stamp end time defining the presentation time slot such that the presentation time slot does not overlap a presentation time slot of another dialog presentation segment.

Abstract: In the data structure for managing font information for text subtitles, a clip information file for a text subtitle stream is provided. The clip information file includes a font file name field for each font file associated with the text subtitle stream. The font file name fields are indexed by a font identifier for each font file associated with the text subtitle stream, and each font file name field provides the font file name of the font file identified by the font identifier. In one embodiment, at least one of the font identifiers identifies a font file referenced as style information in the text subtitle stream.

Abstract: At least one text subtitle stream is recorded on a recording medium. Each text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment defining a set of region styles and at least one dialog presentation segment. Each dialog presentation segment contains at least one region of dialog text and being linked to at least one of the set of region styles. The dialog style segment includes a player style flag which indicates whether a player is permitted to generate its own set of player styles. Then each dialog presentation segment is decoded using the set of player styles if the permission is indicated by the player style flag.

Abstract: In the data structure for managing reproduction of various data streams, at least one navigation directory, a stream directory and an auxiliary directory is provided. The stream directory includes at least one stream file of main data and at least one stream file of supplemental data. The auxiliary directory has at least one auxiliary file of auxiliary data associated with the supplemental data, and the auxiliary file has a different file name extension than the stream file name extensions. The navigation directory includes navigation information for reproducing the main and supplemental data.

Abstract: A method and a text subtitle decoder for decoding a text subtitle stream recorded on a recording medium are disclosed. A subtitle loading buffer initially loads a text subtitle stream including a dialog style segment defining a group of region styles and a dialog presentation segment having dialog presentation information and dialog text data for a dialog having at least one region. A text subtitle processor parses the dialog presentation segment into composition information, rendering information, and the dialog text data for each region. Next, a text renderer renders the text strings into a bitmap object for each region according to the rendering information, and the rendered bitmap object is composed in a graphics plane.

Abstract: In the data structure for managing reproduction of various data streams, a playlist includes at least one playitem and at least one subpath. The playitem includes management information for managing reproduction of main data recorded on the recording medium, and the subpath includes at least one subplayitem. The subplayitem includes management information for managing reproduction of supplemental data recorded on the recording medium, and the subplayitem includes a synchronization data field for providing synchronizing information to synchronize reproduction of the supplemental data with reproduction of the main data. Also, the subpath includes a type indicator that indicates the type of the supplemental data managed by the subpath and signifies whether the synchronizing information is valid.

Abstract: Text subtitle streams are reproduced based on register values contained in one or more player status registers included in a player. A SubPlayItem, which designates at least one text subtitle stream and is included in a PlayList recorded on a recording medium, is read. A first register value specifying one of the at least one text subtitle stream is stored in a first player status register included in the player. Next, a second register contained in a second player status register included in the player is read to determine whether the player is capable of decoding text subtitle streams. If the player's decoding capability is indicated, the text subtitle stream specified by the first register value is decoded.

Abstract: A recording medium and method and apparatus for reproducing and recording text subtitle streams are disclosed. A PlayList file contains a set of PlayItems and a SubPlayItem. Each PlayItem is configured to reproduce at least one main AV stream, and the SubPlayItem is configured to reproduce at least one text subtitle stream. The PlayList file further contains synchronization information which indicates a presentation start time of the SubPlayItem within a playing time interval of one of the set of PlayItems. The PlayList file, main AV stream, and text subtitle streams are recorded on a recording medium. Each text subtitle stream includes a plurality of dialog presentation segments, each of which includes at least one region of dialog text.

Abstract: Described is a radially multi-branched polymer represented by the following formula (I): ABi (I), which includes a central molecule (A) to which side-branches (B) are bonded in at least three positions (i?3). Also described are methods for preparing a multi-branched polymer as well as a porous insulating film including a multi-branched polymer.

Abstract: In the data structure for backing up management files, management files that manage reproduction of data from the recording medium are stored in a recording area as is a back-up directory. The back-up directory includes a copy of each management file as a respective back-up file.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a data area which stores at least one text subtitle stream. Each text subtitle stream includes text data to be displayed within a text subtitle region, region style information specifying a region style of the text subtitle region including an overall style of the text data, and inline style information for applying a different style to a specific portion of the text data within the text subtitle region.