Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device configured to store a piece of data in a location which is distinguished by a physical address and a controller configured to generate a piece of map data associating a logical address, inputted along with a request from an external device, with the physical address and to transfer a response including the piece of map data to the external device.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a nonvolatile memory device including a plurality of memory blocks; and a controller suitable for checking the number of free blocks among the plurality of memory blocks, generating or updating status information depending on a checking result, and outputting the status information by including the status information in a response to be outputted to a host depending on an operation corresponding to a command inputted from the host.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a sudden power off (SPO) frequency value calculator suitable for determining a SPO frequency value; a checkpointing mode controller suitable for setting the memory system to one among a high frequency checkpointing mode and a low frequency checkpointing mode according to the SPO frequency value; and a processor suitable for performing a checkpointing operation according to the set frequency checkpointing mode.

Abstract: A memory controller may control a memory device for storing logical to physical (L2P) mapping information, the memory controller comprising: a map data storage configured to store a plurality of L2P address segments included in the L2P mapping information; and a map data manager configured to: provide at least one L2P address segment of the plurality of L2P address segments to the host in response to a map data request of the host; and remove a L2P address segment from the map data storage, wherein the L2P address segment is selected, among the plurality of L2P address segments, based on a least recently used (LRU) frequency and whether the L2P address segment is provided to the host.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the same. A memory controller may include a command processor configured to generate a flush command in response to a flush request and determine flush data chunks to be stored, a write operation controller configured to control memory devices to perform a first program operation of storing flush data chunks, and to perform a second program operation of storing data corresponding to a write request that is input later than the flush request, regardless of whether a response to the flush command has been provided to a host, and a flush response controller configured to, when the first program operation is completed, provide a response to the flush command to the host depending on whether responses to flush commands, input earlier than the flush command, have been provided to the host.

Abstract: An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a universal serial bus (USB) interface; a processor electrically connected to the USB interface; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory may store instructions configured to, when executed, cause the processor to: enter a security mode; in the security mode, receive, from an external device connected to the electronic device via the USB interface, a USB class code corresponding to the external device; determine whether the USB class code is included in a white list of connectable devices allowed to be connected to the electronic device in the security mode; and control a communication connection between the external device and the electronic device according to whether the USB class code is included in the white list. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a memory system which includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices; and a controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory devices to store data therein. The operating method may include: receiving, by the controller, a write request for logical addresses from a host device; determining, by the controller, whether a start logical address among the logical addresses satisfies an alignment condition, the start logical address indicating where a write operation is to be performed in a target nonvolatile memory device among the nonvolatile memory devices; determining, by the controller, target data by determining one or more target logical addresses among the logical addresses through an alignment operation, when the start logical address does not satisfy the alignment condition; and controlling, by the controller, the target nonvolatile memory device to perform the write operation on the target data.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a nonvolatile memory device including a first data storage region and a second data storage region which have different endurances, and the nonvolatile memory device configured to perform one or more of an erase operation, a write operation and a read operation on the first and second data storage regions; and a controller configured to determine whether an update event in which second data stored in the second data storage region is changed occurs, and control the nonvolatile memory device to transfer the second data to the first data storage region, based on the update event determination result.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a storage configured to include a storage configured to include a storage area divided into a plurality of blocks; and a controller configured to control a data input/output operation for the storage, collect recovery information including information on a block in use, among the plurality of blocks, and control a garbage collection operation based on the information on the block in use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining malignant melanoma by a scanning probe microscope system with a cantilever, which includes: setting locations of a plurality of measurement points to be measured in a sample tissue; applying force in a predetermined range to each measurement point on the sample tissue through the cantilever and acquiring information on a distance between a probe and the sample tissue depending on force for each measurement point; generating a force-distance graph of measurement points based on distance information depending on the force acquired at the plurality of measurement points; and determining whether the sample tissue is malignant melanoma based on characteristics information of the sample tissue extracted from the force-distance graph.

Abstract: Provided is a camera using a light source having a subject eye protection function.

Abstract: Provided is a camera using a light source having a subject eye protection function.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of blocks; and a controller configured to decide a location at which to store target data corresponding to a write request received from a host device in response to the write request wherein, when a first memory block, of the plurality of memory blocks, to store the target data according to a set sequence satisfies a block replacement condition, the controller sets the first memory block to a closed memory block and controls the nonvolatile memory device to store the target data in a second memory block, of the plurality of memory blocks, set to a new open block.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a sudden power off (SPO) frequency value calculator suitable for determining a SPO frequency value; a checkpointing mode controller suitable for setting the memory system to one among a high frequency checkpointing mode and a low frequency checkpointing mode according to the SPO frequency value; and a processor suitable for performing a checkpointing operation according to the set frequency checkpointing mode.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a write data buffer configured to store write data; a hold flag bit map including hold flag bits corresponding to the write data, the hold flag bits being set to values indicating whether to hold the write data; and a processor configured to determine, when a first write command and first write data are received from a host device, whether to hold the first write data in the write data buffer, based on a setting value of a data hold bit included in the first write command, set a hold flag bit corresponding to the first write data to a first value when the first write data is to be held in the write data buffer, and set the hold flag bit to a second value when the first write data is not to be held in the write data buffer.

Abstract: A spot cooling device which separates injected compressed air into hot air and cold air to discharge the hot air and eject the cold air to a space or subject includes: a main body including: an injection port through which compressed air is injected; a cold air nozzle through which cold air separated from the injected compressed air is ejected; and a passage part connected to the cold air nozzle and the injection port; and a temperature control unit installed through the passage part so as to control an opening degree of the passage part according to temperature change.

Abstract: A spot cooling device which separates injected compressed air into hot air and cold air to discharge the hot air and eject the cold air to a space or subject includes: a main body including: an injection port through which compressed air is injected; a cold air nozzle through which cold air separated from the injected compressed air is ejected; and a passage part connected to the cold air nozzle and the injection port; and a temperature control unit installed through the passage part so as to control an opening degree of the passage part according to temperature change.

Abstract: A power generation system which generates electric power includes a fuel cell system in which supplied reactants react to generate electric power and a circulation system that circulates a product generated by the fuel cell system. The circulation system is configured to resupply at least some elements of the product generated by the fuel cell system as a reactant of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a semiconductor package may comprise a package device comprising at least one semiconductor chip and an active element attached to a substrate and a window with sidewalls forming cavity regions for the package device and coupled to the substrate with an adhesive. An outer edge of the substrate may be flush with an outer surface of the window sidewalls. The window may be plastic and may include an EMI shielding layer, which may be a copper/nickel plating layer. The semiconductor chip may be a MEMS microphone device. The sidewalls and a top plate of the window may be at a right angle to each other. The package may be formed by severing it from an N×M array of package structures resulting in the outer edges being flush.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention, for example and without limitation, comprise a semiconductor device package and/or method for manufacturing a semiconductor device package. Such a device package may, for example, comprise a MEMS device package.