Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a solar cell by processing a surface of a silicon substrate for a solar cell, a solar cell manufactured by the method, and a substrate processing system for performing the method. The method for manufacturing a solar cell comprises protrusion forming step including wet-etching process and for forming a plurality of minute protrusions on a light receiving surface of a crystalline silicon substrate, and planarization step of planarizing the bottom surface, the opposite surface to the light receiving surface of the substrate during or after the protrusion forming step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface processing method of a crystalline silicon substrate for a solar cell, and a method for manufacturing a solar cell. The surface processing method of a substrate for a solar cell comprises first surface processing step for forming a plurality of first protrusions on surfaces of a substrate by etching the crystalline silicon substrate by using an aqueous solution, second surface processing step for forming a plurality of second protrusions smaller than the first protrusions by adhering etching residues onto an upper surface, a light receiving surface among the surfaces of the substrate, by using first etching gas, and residue removing step for removing etching residues adhered onto the upper surface of the substrate having undergone the second surface processing step.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention, for example and without limitation, comprise a semiconductor device package and/or method for manufacturing a semiconductor device package. Such a device package may, for example, comprise a MEMS device package.

Abstract: A recording medium for storing real time recording/reproduction information, a real time recording and reproducing method and apparatus, and a file operating method using the information. Real time recording/reproduction information for ensuring real time recording/reproduction is stored in a file control information area, in each real time file, or in a separate file, and real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned to the file. Thus, real time recorded files can be continuously reproduced without interruption. Also, there are methods of creating a file to which real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned, extending a data area, and recording and reproducing the file to which real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a solar cell by processing a surface of a silicon substrate for a solar cell, a solar cell manufactured by the method, and a substrate processing system for performing the method. The method for manufacturing a solar cell comprises protrusion forming step including wet-etching process and for forming a plurality of minute protrusions on a light receiving surface of a crystalline silicon substrate, and planarization step of planarizing the bottom surface, the opposite surface to the light receiving surface of the substrate during or after the protrusion forming step.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface processing method of a crystalline silicon substrate for a solar cell, and a method for manufacturing a solar cell. The surface processing method of a substrate for a solar cell comprises first surface processing step for forming a plurality of first protrusions on surfaces of a substrate by etching the crystalline silicon substrate by using an aqueous solution, second surface processing step for forming a plurality of second protrusions smaller than the first protrusions by adhering etching residues onto an upper surface, a light receiving surface among the surfaces of the substrate, by using first etching gas, and residue removing step for removing etching residues adhered onto the upper surface of the substrate having undergone the second surface processing step.

Abstract: A circuit board has an insulative layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. A plurality of electrically conductive patterns is formed on the first surface of the insulative layer. Conductive lands are formed in a die mounting region of the first surface of the insulative layer and electrically connected to one of the plurality of conductive patterns on the first surface. An extending pattern extends from the conductive lands to outside of the mounting region. A protective layer covers the first surface of the insulative layer and the electrically conductive patterns. A trench is formed in the protective layer to expose the conductive lands and the extending patterns.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: A recording medium on which copyright information is recorded, and an apparatus and method therefor. The recording medium contains remake content made using at least one original content, original copyright information on the original content, and remake copyright information on the remake content. According to the recording medium and the apparatus and method therefor, the copyright of original content is protected and the personal user right of an individual user on the original content is guaranteed.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of embedding a watermark into original information, transmitting the watermarked information, and reconstructing the watermark from the transmitted watermarked information include embedding a portion of a plurality of components constituting the watermark into the original information, and using the remaining portion of the components as keys for reconstructing the watermark. According to the method, since a size of data to be embedded is greatly reduced, degradation of the watermarked information is prevented, and the information becomes more robust against hacking attacks or errors occurring in a variety of ways when transmitting the information.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for online modification/update of a database using a recordable optical disc. A user apparatus having a version of a database and an update date and time stored on the recordable optical disc communicates with a server which stores information for updating the database and an update date and time. A comparison of the respective dates and times is made and the server transmits updated information to the user apparatus based on the comparison. In one embodiment, the user apparatus transmits the update date and time stored on the recordable optical disc, the server makes the comparison and transmits the modified/updated information based on the comparison. In another embodiment, the user apparatus acquires the update date and time stored on the server, makes the comparison and acquires modified/updated information from the server based on the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a breath freshener whose phase is changed depending on the condition of use. A breath freshener of W/O emulsion phase comprises a monoglyceride as a main base, a polymer, an effective component for breath freshening, and a solvent. A breath freshener of solution phase comprises a monoglyceride as a main base, a polyol, a polymer, an effective component for breath freshening, and a solvent. Since the breath fresheners are sufficiently flowable to spray when being sprayed into the oral cavity, they are easy to use. In addition, the breath fresheners are phase-changed into a cubic phase by moisture, e.g., saliva, after being sprayed into the oral cavity, resulting in an increase in the viscosity and adhesiveness of the breath fresheners. Therefore, the effective breath freshening ingredient is slowly released from the breath fresheners, and as a result, continuous breath freshening effects are achieved.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefore. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefor. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: An information storage medium containing multi-language markup document information, and an apparatus for and a method of reproducing the information storage medium which includes audio/video (AV) data, multiple markup documents which contain text information to be displayed in a selected language with a video picture decoded and reproduced from the AV data, and multi-language markup document information for designating one of the multiple markup documents as a markup document in the selected language. Accordingly, the information storage medium allows the reproducing apparatus to display the text information included in the markup document in the interactive mode in respective multiple languages.

Abstract: A recording medium for storing real time recording/reproduction information, a real time recording and reproducing method and apparatus, and a file operating method using the information. Real time recording/reproduction information for ensuring real time recording/reproduction is stored in a file control information area, in each real time file, or in a separate file, and real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned to the file. Thus, real time recorded files can be continuously reproduced without interruption. Also, there are methods of creating a file to which real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned, extending a data area, and recording and reproducing the file to which real time recording/reproduction attributes are assigned.