Abstract: A vertical memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of channels extending in a first direction substantially vertical to a top surface of the substrate, a plurality of gate lines surrounding a predetermined number of channels from among the channels, a plurality of common wirings electrically connected to the gate lines, and a plurality of signal wirings electrically connected to the gate lines via the common wirings. The gate lines are arranged and spaced apart from one another along the first direction. Each common wiring is electrically connected to a corresponding gate line at a same level of the corresponding gate line via a corresponding contact.

Abstract: A method of fabricating magnetoresistive random access memory, including providing a substrate, forming a bottom electrode layer, a magnetic tunnel junction stack, a top electrode layer and a hard mask layer sequentially on the substrate, wherein a material of the top electrode layer is titanium nitride, a material of the hard mask layer is tantalum or tantalum nitride, and a percentage of nitrogen in the titanium nitride gradually decreases from a top surface of top electrode layer to a bottom surface of top electrode layer, and patterning the bottom electrode layer, the magnetic tunnel junction stack, the top electrode layer and the hard mask layer into multiple magnetoresistive random access memory cells.

Abstract: A semiconductor layout including a semiconductor layer and a dummy layer is provided. The semiconductor layer includes a layout pattern. The dummy layer includes a dummy pattern. A check circuit calculates the layout pattern and the dummy pattern to generate a calculated value. The check circuit compares the calculated value to the predetermined value to determine whether the layout pattern has been modified.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a semiconductor-nanoparticle-ligand complex, a preparation method therefor, a photosensitive resin composition, an optical film, an electroluminescent diode and an electronic device, and, more specifically, can provide: a semiconductor-nanoparticle-ligand complex comprising a ligand represented by chemical formula 1, and thus has excellent compatibility; an optical film with excellent efficiency; an electroluminescent diode; and an electronic device.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first substrate portion including a plurality of first insulating layers, a plurality of first wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of first insulating layers, and a plurality of first adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of first insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of first wiring layers; and a second substrate portion disposed on the first substrate portion, and including a plurality of second insulating layers, a plurality of second wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of second insulating layers, and a plurality of second adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of second insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of second wiring layers.

Abstract: A method for a first user terminal to use a messenger service of a group chat room is proposed. The method may include receiving, from a server, invitation information associated with a second user's inviting a first user to the group chat room, and displaying chat room information on the group chat room. The method may also include in response to the second user not being registered as a friend of the first user in the messenger service, displaying information on the second user and an interface for deciding whether to participate in the group chat room. The method may further include acquiring an interaction regarding a decision to participate in the group chat room through the interface, and displaying a message created in the group chat room.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions relating to anti-Chi3L1 antibodies, antibody reagents, and antigen-binding fragments thereof which display superior properties, e.g., high sensitivity, high specificity, high binding affinity, neutralization activity ex vivo and in vivo (e.g., blocks Chi3L1-induced MAPK and AKT signaling). Methods of treatment, e.g., of treating cancer, obesity, and/or asthma by administering the compounds described herein are also provided.

Abstract: A payment method for purchase of digital currency includes receiving selection information for selecting a specific payment type among a plurality of different payment types related to digital currency, in relation to a user account; registering a payment condition corresponding to the specific payment type to the user account by using the selection information; and starting an electronic payment process to purchase the digital currency for the user account in response to occurrence of a payment event related to the payment condition at the user account.

Abstract: A display device includes a light emitting device disposed on a substrate, a capping layer disposed on the light emitting device, and an encapsulation layer disposed on the capping layer. The capping layer includes a first surface facing the encapsulation layer, the first surface of the capping layer includes a protrusion protruding toward the encapsulation layer, and a height of the protrusion is greater than or equal to about 600 angstroms in a cross-sectional view.

Abstract: A power detection circuit is provided. The protection circuit is coupled to a pad and includes a trigger circuit and a discharge circuit. The trigger circuit includes a first transistor of a first conductivity type and a second transistor, also of the first conductivity type, which are coupled in series between the pad and a ground terminal. The trigger circuit detects whether a transient even occurs on the pad. The discharge circuit is coupled between the bonding pad and the ground terminal and controlled by the trigger circuit. In response to the transient event occurring on the bonding pad, the trigger circuit generates a trigger voltage to trigger the discharge circuit to provide a discharge path between the pad and the ground terminal.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), including a bottom electrode layer on a substrate, a magnetic tunnel junction stack on the bottom electrode layer, a top electrode layer on the magnetic tunnel junction stack, and a hard mask layer on said top electrode layer, wherein the material of top electrode layer is titanium nitride, a material of said hard mask layer is tantalum or tantalum nitride, and the percentage of nitrogen in the titanium nitride gradually decreases from the top surface of top electrode layer to the bottom surface of top electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit including a detection circuit, a voltage-divider element, and a discharge element is provided. The detection circuit is coupled between a first power line and a second power line. In response to an ESD event, the detection circuit enables a turn-on signal. The voltage-divider element is coupled between the first power line and a third power line and receives the turn-on signal. The discharge element is coupled between the second and third power lines. In response to the turn-on signal being enabled, the first discharge element discharges an ESD current.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure including a P-type substrate, a P-type structure, an N-type buried layer, an element active region, a P-type guard ring, and an N-type structure is provided. The P-type structure is formed in the P-type substrate and serves as an electrical contact of the P-type substrate. The N-type buried layer is formed in the P-type substrate. The element active region is formed on the N-type buried layer. The P-type guard ring is formed on the N-type buried layer and surrounds the element active region. The N-type structure is formed on the N-type buried layer and disposed between the P-type guard ring and the P-type structure.

Abstract: A digital currency payment method for performing a payment related to digital currency used in contents viewing includes monitoring occurrence of a payment event related to a preset payment condition for purchase of the digital currency, in relation to a user account; starting an electronic payment process for purchase of the digital currency with respect to the user account when the payment event has occurred at the user account as a monitoring result; and supplying the digital currency to the user account when the purchase of the digital currency has been completed through the electronic payment process.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly; an electrode lead; a battery case with an accommodation portion for the electrode assembly and a sealing portion sealing the accommodation portion; and a lead film. The sealing portion includes a connection-sealing region connected to the accommodation portion, a front end-sealing region, and a reinforcement-sealing region therebetween. The reinforcement-sealing region includes a compressed surface, provided in the sealing portion between the connection-sealing region and the front end-sealing region and recessed into the sealing portion, and raised surfaces, provided in the sealing portion between the connection-sealing region and the compressed surface and between the front end-sealing region and the compressed surface and each of which is formed thicker than the compressed surface. The battery case has a resin layer, a metal layer, and an insulating layer.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition capable of reducing residues upon the development thereof, reducing melting flow, and forming a pattern layer having a high taper angle, by containing two or more kinds of different cardo binders; and a display device including a pattern layer containing a polymerization reaction product of the photosensitive resin composition.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for displaying a virtual prop in a real environment image, and a terminal device. The method is implemented by a head-mounted device. In the method, a scene editing interface and a virtual ray on the real environment image are superposed and displayed the scene editing interface contains a prop selection list, and the prop selection list contains a prop selection control corresponding to at least one virtual prop; the virtual ray is moved to intersect with a target prop selection control in the real environment image based on ray adjustment data; and in response to a first control instruction, a target virtual prop corresponding to the target prop selection control is displayed in the real environment image.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board includes a base film; a circuit pattern disposed on one surface of the base film; and a coverlay film covering the circuit pattern. The base film is divided into a flexible area and a rigid area, and the circuit pattern of the flexible area comprises a portion thinner than a portion of the circuit pattern of the rigid area.

Abstract: A foldable display device, includes: a flexible display module including a first non-bendable portion, a second non-bendable portion spaced from the first non-bendable portion in a first direction, and a bendable portion disposed between the first non-bendable portion and the second non-bendable portion; and a support disposed on the flexible display module, the support including a patterned portion having a first pattern and a second pattern alternatively disposed along a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the first pattern includes a first discontinuity having a first shape, and the second pattern includes a second discontinuity having a second shape different from the first shape.

Abstract: A foldable display apparatus includes a flexible display panel, a first plate and a second plate that support the flexible display panel and are disposed in a same plane when the foldable display apparatus is in an unfolded state, and a hinge assembly coupled to the first plate and the second plate such that the first plate rotates about a first rotation axis and at the same time the second plate rotates about a second rotation axis. The first rotation axis and the second rotation axis are located on or above surfaces of the first and second plates in the unfolded state.