Abstract: A system for controlling an air conditioner for vehicles may include a sensor configured to sense surface temperature of a passenger sitting part of a rear seat of a vehicle, a reference temperature estimation device configured to estimate surface temperature of the passenger non-sitting part of the rear seat as a reference temperature, a passenger boarding recognition device configured to compare the surface temperature of the passenger sitting part sensed by the sensor, with the reference temperature estimated by the reference temperature estimation device and to judge that a passenger is seated on the rear seat when a difference between the surface temperature of the passenger sitting part and the reference temperature exceeds a critical value, and an air conditioner operation controller configured to differently control volume and temperature of air discharged from the air conditioner according to whether or not a passenger is seated on the rear seat.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heat pump system of an electric vehicle, whereby power consumed for air conditioning is reduced during driving in a low load state in a heating mode, includes determining whether a heat dissipation amount insufficient condition of an indoor condenser is satisfied in the heat pump system of the electric vehicle. When it is determined that the heat dissipation amount insufficient condition of the indoor condenser is satisfied, measuring current revolutions per minute (rpm) of a compressor. It is determined whether the measured rpm of the compressor is greater than a minimum rpm limit of the compressor. When it is determined that the measured rpm of the compressor is greater than the minimum rpm limit of the compressor, the rpm of the compressor is reduced.

Abstract: A device and a method for a controlling compressor of vehicles improves acceleration performance and fuel efficiency and maintains comfort of a cabin by decreasing an operation of the compressor when accelerating.

Abstract: A nano-pH sensor can include a nanoparticle having an outer surface functionalized by a carboxy functional group. The nanoparticle is reversibly aggregated as a function of pH and is generally non-toxic. A fluorometer can be oriented to expose the nanoparticles to a light source at a given wavelength. Further, the fluorometer can be configured to detect changes in fluorescence of the gold nanoparticle with changes in pH.

Abstract: A display device constituting a multi-display system is provided, which includes an input connector configured to receive an input image; a main processor configured to process an image corresponding to a display device from an input image; a display configured to display a processed image; an output connector configured to transmit an input image to an adjacent display device connected to a display device; and a sub-processor configured to transmit, when a display device wakes up, a booting command to a main processor, transmit a wakeup signal to an adjacent display device, extract information that is necessary for image processing from an input image, and then transmit an input image to a main processor.

Abstract: A device and a method for a controlling compressor of vehicles may include a cabin temperature sensor, an outdoor temperature sensor, an evaporator temperature sensor, an engine speed sensor, and a throttle position sensor detecting a throttle opening, a condenser, an evaporator, a temperature control door controlling a temperature of an air flowed in a cabin, an intake door selectively flowing an inner air or an outer air in the cabin, and a blower blowing the air to the intake door, and a controller controlling an operation of the air conditioning system, wherein the controller decides a acceleration mode and an allowable temperature at each acceleration mode when an acceleration condition occurs, and decreases an operation of the compressor according to a difference between the evaporator temperature and the allowable temperature.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device and a method of controlling propagation directions of light and a surface plasmon using the optical device. The optical device includes a light source, a substrate, and a metal layer that is disposed on the substrate, the metal layer includes at least two slots, and propagation directions of light and a surface plasmon may be controlled by using the light that is polarized in a direction parallel to a direction of a long length of any one of the at least two slots.

Abstract: A display apparatus, a display system having a plurality of display apparatuses, and a method for controlling the display system are disclosed in which a first voltage of a first transmission channel of a first display apparatus is changed according to transition from a power saving state to a wake-up state and a second display apparatus electrically connected to the first display apparatus detects variation of voltage of a first reception channel corresponding to voltage variation of the first transmission channel and transitions from a power saving state to a wake-up state according to the detection.

Abstract: An optical interconnection for a stacked integrated circuit, is provided. The optical interconnection includes: an optical transmission unit disposed in a first layer and an optical receiving unit disposed in a second layer, different from the first layer, and spaced apart from the optical transmission unit by a predetermined gap. The optical transmission unit includes a first optical antenna that outputs light; the optical receiving unit includes a second optical antenna which receives light transmitted from the optical transmission unit. At least one of the first and second optical antennas includes a plurality of nanostructures configured to transmit or receive an optical signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for controlling air cells of a seat. The apparatus includes: air cells provided on opposing sides of the seat to support a portion of the body of the passenger seated on the seat; pressure sensors to measure internal pressures of the air cells; and a control unit to receive the measured pressures of the air cells. Then, the control unit compares and stores the pressures of the air cells when a startup of the vehicle is off. When the startup is on, the control unit controls expansion of the air cells according to any one of the pressures of the air cells which are compared and stored in the control unit when the startup is off.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a dielectric layer and a metal layer arranged on the dielectric layer. In the optical modulator, a first light of a first frequency and a second light of a second frequency that are incident upon the metal layer exit from the metal layer at different refractive angles due to surface plasmon generation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of insulating layers vertically stacked on the substrate, a plurality of channels arranged in vertical openings formed through at least some of the plurality of insulating layers, and a plurality of portions alternatingly positioned with the plurality of insulating layers in the vertical direction. At least some of the portions are adjacent corresponding channels of the plurality of channels. Each of the portions includes a conductive barrier pattern formed on an inner wall of the portion, a filling layer pattern positioned in the portion on the conductive barrier pattern, and a gate electrode positioned in a remaining area of the portion not occupied by the conductive barrier or filling layer pattern.

Abstract: An air-conditioning control method for dividing an indoor space of a vehicle into a plurality of zones to perform individual air-conditioning for each zone, may include selecting boarding zones occupied by passengers from the plurality of zones, checking whether the number of the boarding zones occupied by the passengers may be one, correcting a detection temperature of an incar sensor into a temperature of the boarding zone using a mixing ratio of air for air-conditioning discharged from the corresponding boarding zone with air existing in the boarding zone when the number of the boarding zones occupied by the passengers may be one, and performing individual air-conditioning on the selected boarding zones by determining a target discharge temperature based on the corrected temperature of the boarding zone and using the determined target discharge temperature.

Abstract: A device for detecting a surface plasmon and polarization includes: a topological insulating layer formed on a substrate; first and second electrodes formed on the topological insulating layer; and a waveguide connected to the topological insulating layer between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a conductive region, an insulating layer disposed on the substrate and including an opening exposing the conductive region, and a conductive layer buried within the opening and including a first region disposed on inner side walls of the opening and a second region disposed within the first region. The first region includes a plurality of first crystal grains and the second region includes a plurality of second crystal grains. The pluralities of first and second crystal grains are separated from each other at a boundary formed between the first and second regions.

Abstract: A nanostructure, an optical device including the nanostructure, and methods of manufacturing the nanostructure and the optical device. A method of manufacturing a nanostructure may include forming a block copolymer template layer and a precursor pattern of metal coupled to the block copolymer template layer on a graphene layer, and forming a metal nanopattern on the graphene layer by removing the block copolymer template layer and reducing the precursor pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a plurality of insulating layers vertically stacked on the substrate, a plurality of channels arranged in vertical openings formed through at least some of the plurality of insulating layers, and a plurality of portions alternatingly positioned with the plurality of insulating layers in the vertical direction. At least some of the portions are adjacent corresponding channels of the plurality of channels. Each of the portions includes a conductive barrier pattern formed on an inner wall of the portion, a filling layer pattern positioned in the portion on the conductive barrier pattern, and a gate electrode positioned in a remaining area of the portion not occupied by the conductive barrier or filling layer pattern.

Abstract: A method of using a DNA structure includes forming a DNA structure including a plurality of spaces; attaching a DNA building block to the spaces; contacting the DNA building block with a clinical specimen; and separating the DNA building block from the DNA structure. After the DNA building block is separated from the DNA structure, the method may further include attaching a new DNA building block to the spaces. The DNA building block includes a first DNA strand attached to the spaces; and a second DNA strand attached to the first DNA strand.

Abstract: A display apparatus, display method, image processing apparatus, and image processing method which are capable of allowing a stereoscopic image to be recognized exactly by a left eye and a right eye. The display apparatus includes: an image signal receiving unit which receives an image signal; an image signal processing unit which generates a scanning signal for scanning a left eye image signal and a right eye image signal of the image signal alternately and for scanning a part of the left eye image signal or a part of the right eye image signal between a section for scanning the left eye image signal and a section for scanning the right eye image signal; and an image output unit which displays the image signal according to the scanning signal.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device and a method of controlling propagation directions of light and a surface plasmon using the optical device. The optical device includes a light source, a substrate, and a metal layer that is disposed on the substrate, the metal layer includes at least two slots, and propagation directions of light and a surface plasmon may be controlled by using the light that is polarized in a direction parallel to a direction of a long length of any one of the at least two slots.