Abstract: An LED includes an insulating substrate; a buffer layer positioned on the insulating substrate; an n+-type contact layer positioned on the buffer layer, the contact layer having a first surface and a second surface; an n-type cladding layer positioned on the first surface of the n+-type contact layer; a light-emitting layer positioned on the n-type cladding layer; a p-type cladding layer positioned on the light-emitting layer; a p-type contact layer positioned on the p-type cladding layer; an n+-type reverse-tunneling layer positioned on the p-type contact layer; a p-type transparent ohmic contact electrode positioned on the n+-type reverse-tunneling layer; and an n-type transparent ohmic contact electrode positioned on the second surface of the n+-type contact layer. The p-type transparent ohmic contact electrode and the n-type transparent ohmic contact electrode are made of the same materials.

Abstract: A surface-emitting AlGaInP LED is disclosed. The LED uses a GaP layer as a window layer to eliminate the current crowding effect, or may has an ITO window layer and use GaP, instead of GaAs, as the substrate to eliminate the current-crowding effect and avoid the emitted light being absorbed by the substrate. The GaP layer is bonded to the double hetero-structure epitaxy layer by a wafer bonding technique. The present invention, however, provides a manufacturing procedure which is easier and more reliable to handle than prior arts.