Abstract: A rhomb beam splitter, rather than a conventional cube, is used in combination with a mirror reflecting both the reflected and transmitted beams to obtain a delay-line interferometer demodulator with a substantially common path. This significantly reduces the sensitivity of the device to environmental changes and also greatly simplifies the manufacture process. A polarization-insensitive coating or a wave plate, a thermal phase tuner with a micro-heater, and two compensator plates are used in the paths of the beams to balance the optical path lengths and to compensate for polarization and environmental effects.

Abstract: A switchable free-spectral-range mode selector is used to change the free spectral range of a free-space delay-line interferometer. The mode selector consists of a rotatable device with at least one transparent plate selected to produce the desired change in the free spectral range of the delay-line interferometer. The device may be rotated in and out of the free-space optical path of on of the interferometer arms. If used as a DPSK demodulator, the device enables operation at multiple predetermined free spectral ranges. In the preferred embodiment, the demodulator includes a 50/50 beam-splitter cube combined with two cavities. The mode selector consists of a plurality of different transparent slabs attached to a rotatable shaft so that any one of the slabs or none may be inserted in the appropriate optical path to obtain the desired FSR mode of operation.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has been modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light.

Abstract: An optical spectrum analyzer is implemented with a detector combined with a tunable filter mounted on a stage capable of 360-degree rotation at a constant velocity. Because of the constant rate of angular change, different portions of the input spectrum are detected at each increment of time as a function of filter position, which can be easily measured with an encoder for synchronization purposes. The unidirectional motion of the mirror permits operation at very high speeds with great mechanical reliability. The same improvements may be obtained using a diffraction grating or a prism, in which case the detector or an intervening mirror may be rotated instead of the grating or prism.

Abstract: In an optical etalon with a fixed FSR determined by the cavity length, the time delay is adjusted by an etalon surface coating. The proper cavity length is chosen to achieve a desired FSR, and the coating is independently selected to obtain a desired time delay.

Abstract: A reflective surface and a beamsplitting surface are optically coupled to a mirror and to phase optics arranged in interleaver configuration so as to either reflect all light to a single output in an all-pass mode of operation, or to split the incoming beam and produce odd and even channel outputs in an interleaver mode of operation. The direction of the incoming beam is switched hitlessly between the reflective and beamsplitting surfaces by passing the incoming beam through a transparent slab coupled to a rotating mechanism.

Abstract: An exemplary optical hybrid includes a 50/50 un-polarized beam splitter, a folding prism, a beam shifter, a spacer and a phase shifter such that from an input S-beam (signal) and an L-beam (reference), four outputs, S+L, S?L, S+jL and S?jL, are produced. The phase difference between the two components of each output beam produced by the S and L beams in the optical hybrid is ?+0, ?+90, ?+180, or ?+270 degrees, where ? is the phase difference of the signal beam with respect to the reference beam. In an alternative embodiment, the phase difference between the two components of each output beam produced by the S and L beams in the optical hybrid is ?+0, ?+X, ?+180, or ?+180+X degrees, where X is an arbitrary number of degrees greater than 0 and smaller than 180.

Abstract: In an optical etalon with a fixed FSR determined by the cavity length, the time delay is adjusted by an etalon surface coating. The proper cavity length is chosen to achieve a desired FSR, and the coating is independently selected to obtain a desired time delay.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has bean modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of cooling an ultramobile device with microfins attached to an external wall of an enclosure surrounding the ultramobile device.

Abstract: In some embodiments, transpiration cooling and fuel cell for ultra mobile applications is presented. In this regard, an apparatus is introduced having an integrated circuit device, a fuel cell to power the integrated circuit device, wherein the fuel cell produces water as a byproduct, a chassis to house the integrated circuit device and the fuel cell, and a skin to cover the chassis, the skin comprising a waterproof layer configured to prevent water from contacting the integrated circuit device and a water absorbent layer of hydro gel configured to absorb water. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, transpiration cooling and fuel cell for ultra mobile applications is presented. In this regard, an apparatus is introduced having an integrated circuit device, a fuel cell to power the integrated circuit device, wherein the fuel cell produces water as a byproduct, a chassis to house the integrated circuit device and the fuel cell, and a skin to cover the chassis, the skin comprising a waterproof layer configured to prevent water from contacting the integrated circuit device and a water absorbent layer of hydro gel configured to absorb water. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has been modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has bean modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light.

Abstract: An exemplary optical hybrid includes a 50/50 un-polarized beam splitter, a folding prism, a beam shifter, a spacer and a phase shifter such that from an input S-beam (signal) and an L-beam (reference), four outputs, S+L, S?L, S+jL, S?jL, are produced. The phase difference of S and L at the four output ports is phi_0, phi_0+90-degrees, phi_0+180-degree, phi_0+270-degree, where the phase difference between S and L at the S+L port is an arbitrary number phi_0 and the phase difference between S and L at the other output ports, S?L, S+jL, S?jL, is 90, 180 and 270, respectively, shifted from phi_0.

Abstract: In an optical etalon with a fixed FSR determined by the cavity length, the time delay is adjusted by an etalon surface coating. The proper cavity length is chosen to achieve a desired FSR, and the coating is independently selected to obtain a desired time delay.

Abstract: An electronic input device with piezoelectric sensor is provided, the electronic input device includes a housing, a piezoelectric sensing layer provided on the surface of the housing, an electrode plate provided and served to cover on top of the piezoelectric sensing layer. When a user's skin is in contact with the electrode plate, galvanic skin signals that represent the user's physiology status are transferred to the input device, meanwhile the piezoelectric sensing layer sends piezoelectric signals corresponding to the pressing level pressed by the user. When the piezoelectric sending layer is pressed to a proper level, effective galvanic skin signals are determined to the input device.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a means for splitting, at a splitting location, an input light beam into a first beam and a second beam; and means for recombining, at a recombination location, the first beam and the second beam. The interferometer is designed such that the first beam will travel a first optical path length (OPL) from the splitting location to the recombination location, and the second beam will travel a second OPL from the splitting location to the recombination location and such that when the input light beam has been modulated at a data rate comprising a time interval, then the difference in optical path lengths between the first OPL and the second OPL is about equal to the time interval multiplied by the speed of light.

Abstract: The cavity in the mirror arm of a conventional interleaver is replaced by a wedge integral with the beamsplitter structure of the interleaver. Thus, the light reflected from the AR-coated surface of the wedge is dispersed away from the optics of the device. The beam emerging from the wedge surface is directed toward a tilted mirror that reflects it totally on-axis. As a result of the diversion of the light reflected from the wedge surface and the non-parallel disposition of the wedge surface with respect to the mirror, phase errors are virtually eliminated. In another embodiment, a second wedge is used with a second antireflective surface disposed in parallel to the first wedge's antireflective surface, and with a mirror normal to the optical axis of the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biologically pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YA02032 or YA03083, which culture has a characteristic nature capable of producing glutathione and the precursor thereof, ?-glutamylcysteine. A composition comprising the culture and a process for the production of glutathione and/or the precursor thereof, ?-glutamylcysteine, are also provided.