Abstract: A leakage detection system for a battery pack of a vehicle may include detection circuitry having a first side connecting a positive terminal of the pack to ground and a second side connecting a negative terminal of the pack to ground, and including no more than one switch among the sides. The system may also include measurement circuitry configured to measure a voltage across a resistor of one of the sides when the switch is open and closed, and a controller programmed to output a leakage associated with the battery pack based on the voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a traction battery and a controller. The controller is programmed to detect a voltage measurement error associated with a battery cell. The controller is also programmed to, in response to detecting a voltage measurement error for a battery cell, initialize a state of charge of the battery cell according to an average change in stored capacity between power cycles.

Abstract: A vehicle having a traction battery with at least one cell includes a controller coupled to the traction battery and programmed to control charging and discharging of the traction battery in response to detecting lithium plating in the at least one cell indicated by a ratio of differential voltage of the at least one cell as a function of time to cell charging rate of the at least one cell. The ratio may be compared to a threshold associated with current battery state of charge to indicate lithium plating when the ratio is below the threshold. Lithium plating may also be detected based on a measured cell open circuit voltage (OCV) relative to a previously stored OCV value. The measured OCV value may be calculated based on a measured cell voltage and current, and a previously stored cell internal resistance.

Abstract: A vehicle having a traction battery with at least one cell includes a controller coupled to the traction battery and programmed to modify traction battery current in response to a difference between a lithium plating parameter target value and a lithium plating parameter actual value to reduce the difference. The lithium plating parameter or indicator may be based on a differential open circuit voltage of a battery cell, or a ratio of differential voltage of the at least one cell as a function of time to cell charging rate of the at least one cell.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a traction battery and a controller in communication with the battery and programmed to control battery charging in response to a user-selected one of a plurality of charging strategies having different charging rates based on detection of lithium plating in the battery. The charging strategies may include options for faster charging with an urgent or emergency charging strategy selectable a limited number of times to mitigate battery performance degradation associated with lithium plating. A method implemented by a vehicle controller in a vehicle having a traction battery, may include controlling, by the controller, battery charging in response to a user-selected charging strategy selected from one of a plurality of available charging strategies each having a different charging rate and displayed on a user interface in response to detection of lithium plating in the traction battery, at least one charging strategy associated with additional lithium plating if selected.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for a vehicle includes a traction battery including a plurality of cells, and a controller configured to indicate an overcurrent condition in response to battery current being greater than a value of an upper limit of a current sensor and a difference between a measured battery voltage and an estimated battery voltage, that is based on the value, being greater than a threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a battery pack supplying power to propel a vehicle are disclosed. One example method comprises, adjusting a battery pack state of charge window in response to vehicle mass. Adjusting the battery pack state of charge window in response to vehicle mass may allow the battery pack to provide an increased amount of energy to a motor so that the motor may provide torque to a driveline for a longer period of time and/or absorb more vehicle generator produced power during vehicle operations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a battery pack supplying power to propel a vehicle are disclosed. One example method includes, increasing a battery pack state of charge window in response to a negative grade of a section of road a vehicle is traveling. The method also includes decreasing the battery pack state of charge window in response to the vehicle transitioning from traveling down a section of road having a negative grade to traveling down a section of road that has a positive or zero grade.

Abstract: A battery management system for a vehicle includes a controller programmed to apply a current pulse to reverse a current flow through a battery to reduce or remove cell polarization. After the current pulse, an open-circuit voltage is measured as the terminal voltage of the battery. The settling time for the terminal voltage to approach the open-circuit voltage is reduced after the current pulse. The magnitude of the current pulse is based on a battery state of charge, a battery temperature, and a current magnitude prior to the current pulse.

Abstract: An apparatus for substrate metallization from electrolyte is provided. The apparatus comprises: an immersion cell containing metal salt electrolyte; at least one electrode connecting to at least one power supply; an electrically conductive substrate holder holding at least one substrate to expose a conductive side of the substrate to face the at least one electrode; an oscillating actuator for oscillating the substrate holder with an amplitude and a frequency; at least one ultrasonic device with an operating frequency and an intensity, disposed in the metallization apparatus; at least one ultrasonic power generator connecting to the ultrasonic device; at least one inlet for metal slat electrolyte feeding; and at least one outlet for metal salt electrolyte draining.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a traction battery, a harness electrically connected with the battery, and a controller programmed to generate harness anomaly output based on data indicative of historical resistances associated with the harness and temperature and state of charge data for the battery indicative of a current resistance associated with the harness.

Abstract: Vehicles that use electric power as a motive force may use accurate measurements of battery power for numerous purposes, e.g., battery characteristics, state of charge of the battery, travel distance remaining for the vehicle and the like. A traction battery measurement should be taken when the battery is fully relaxed, i.e., the battery is neither being charged nor providing power and a time period thereafter when the battery chemistry reaches a steady state. A controller or methods may determine if the battery is relaxed and if the battery is not relaxed, delay charging or discharging of the traction battery to allow accurate battery capacity determination. The controller may control a battery charger to ensure the battery is fully relaxed before sensing battery characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for detecting, evaluating, and/or mapping 5-methyl-modified and/or 5-hydroxylmethyl-modified cytosine bases within a nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: A hybrid-electric vehicle includes a traction battery. A controller may operate the traction battery within certain state of charge and voltage limits. The controller may define a minimum operating voltage or state of charge below which no power may be requested from the traction battery. The minimum voltage and state of charge may be based on an electrical resistance of the traction battery. The voltage may also be based on a minimum power level required to crank the engine while meeting emissions standards. As the battery ages, the minimum voltage level may be adjusted such that the minimum power level is available at the minimum voltage level.

Abstract: An electric vehicle battery pack includes an array of battery cells each cell having an upper cell surface and a lower cell surface, the lower cell surface having a positive and a negative terminal; and a thermal assembly in thermally-conductive contact with the upper cell surfaces of the array. A battery pack cooling method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A battery management system for a vehicle includes a controller programmed to apply a current pulse to reverse a current flow through a battery to reduce or remove cell polarization. After the current pulse, an open-circuit voltage is measured as the terminal voltage of the battery. The settling time for the terminal voltage to approach the open-circuit voltage is reduced after the current pulse. The magnitude of the current pulse is based on a battery state of charge, a battery temperature, and a current magnitude prior to the current pulse.

Abstract: A battery management system for a vehicle includes a controller programmed to charge a battery at a predetermined charge rate. The controller discharges the battery for a predetermined time in response to a terminal voltage of the battery exceeding a predetermined voltage limit that results in a reduced charge rate. After discharging for the predetermined time, the controller resumes charging at the predetermined charge rate. A current magnitude during the discharge and the predetermined time may be based on factors including the predetermined charge rate, a battery temperature, and a charge current magnitude during charging.

Abstract: A method of detecting a leak in a battery pack according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, calculating a predicted amount of thermal energy at a position, measuring an actual amount of thermal energy at the position, and comparing the predicted amount to the actual amount to identify if a battery pack is leaking.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a battery pack supplying power to propel a vehicle are disclosed. One example method comprises, adjusting a battery pack state of charge window in response to vehicle mass. Adjusting the battery pack state of charge window in response to vehicle mass may allow the battery pack to provide an increased amount of energy to a motor so that the motor may provide torque to a driveline for a longer period of time and/or absorb more vehicle generator produced power during vehicle operations.

Abstract: A method for extending the life cycle of a battery includes receiving a storage mode status signal at a battery controller and incrementally adjusting a state of charge window over a period of time in response to receiving the storage mode status signal.