Abstract: A circuit for driving a liquid crystal display device, as embodied, includes: a gray level voltage generator for generating a plurality of gray level voltages; and an intermediate gray level voltage generator for receiving a first gray level voltage and a second gray level voltage among the plurality of gray level voltages and for selectively outputting one of the first gray level voltage and a third gray level voltage through a plurality of capacitors, a value of the third gray level voltage being between the first and second gray level voltage and set by the plurality of capacitors, the intermediate gray level voltage generator including: an operational amplifier for pre-charging the plurality of capacitors using a current outputted from the operational amplifier and for selectively outputting one of the first gray level voltage and the third gray level voltage.

Abstract: A DTV receiver test stream generator which prevents discontinuity phenomenon of a video and an audio, a method for generating the DTV receiver test stream, and a recording medium where the DTV test stream having no discontinuity phenomenon is recorded. To this end, a test stream for a function test or a performance valuation of the DTV receiver is generated and a reproduction time is equalized on the basis of the least common multiple of a video frame time, an audio frame time, and a TS packet time when the test stream is repeatedly reproduced. According to this, when used at a DTV production field where a test pattern is used or at a broadcasting system which repeatedly transmits the DTV stream of a limited length such as a stationary image, a reliability of the DTV receiver test can be ensured.

Abstract: A transistor and a method of fabricating the same: The transistor includes an isolation layer disposed in a semiconductor substrate to define an active region. A pair of source/drain regions is disposed in the active region, spaced apart from each other. A channel region is interposed between the pair of the source/drain regions. The active region has a mesa disposed across the channel region. The mesa extends to the source/drain regions. A gate electrode is disposed to cross the active region along the direction across the mesa.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for driving an image display device is disclosed, in which data signals are transmitted in a multilevel to reduce transmission frequencies, power consumption and transmission lines. The apparatus for driving an image display device includes a display panel including an image display unit for displaying images, a plurality of data driver integrated circuits supplying image signals to the image display unit, and a timing controller converting externally supplied i bit digital source data (i is a positive number) to a plurality of voltage levels to supply the converted voltage levels to the respective data driver integrated circuits and controlling the data driver integrated circuits.

Abstract: A transistor includes a substrate and a device isolation layer that is formed on the substrate to define an active region. A gate pattern crosses over the active region. A gate insulation layer is interposed between the gate pattern and the active region. Source and drain regions are formed in the active region adjacent to respective sides of the gate pattern. A channel region is disposed in the active region between the source and drain regions. The channel region includes a recessed portion.

Abstract: A transistor includes a substrate and a device isolation layer that is formed on the substrate to define an active region. A gate pattern crosses over the active region. A gate insulation layer is interposed between the gate pattern and the active region. Source and drain regions are formed in the active region adjacent to respective sides of the gate pattern. A channel region is disposed in the active region between the source and drain regions. The channel region includes a recessed portion.

Abstract: A biological relationship extraction system including a biological named entity substitution unit substituting a biological named entity in a biological document with a predetermined substitution name; a structure analyzing unit parsing the biological named entity in the biological document containing the substituted biological named entity; a relationship analyzing unit analyzing a relationship between biological named entities from the biological literature parsed by the structure analyzing unit and selecting relationship candidates; a relationship determining unit determining whether the relationship candidates delivered from the relationship analyzing unit are biologically meaningful and determining a relationship between biological named entities; and a biological named entity assignment storage unit storing the biological named entity and a substitution name corresponding to the biological named entity and providing a substitution name or a biological named entity.

Abstract: A stacked chip package with exposed lead-frame bottom surface is disclosed. The stacked chip package includes a first die encapsulated in an encapsulated molding compound, which is mounted on an active surface of a second die. A bottom surface of the second die is mounted to a top surface of a die supporting section of the lead-frame. The bottom surface of the die supporting section is exposed outside the encapsulated molding compound. A plurality of bonding wires electrically interconnect the die pads of the first die and the second die to the corresponding lead fingers. Moreover, each lead finger of the lead-frame is preferably formed with a deflected structure with a bent section, which enables the dimension size of the stacked chip package to get more compact.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel display a video signal by use of a liquid crystal cell of a matrix shape. A plurality of data drive circuits generate a polarity pattern of the video signal in accordance with a polarity signal and supply the polarity pattern to the liquid crystal cell through a plurality of output channels. A polarity controller controls the polarity signal and supplies the polarity signal to the data drive circuits on the basis of a first selection signal corresponding to the number of the output channels of one drive circuit and a second selection signal corresponding to a repetition period of the polarity pattern.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal cell of a matrix shape to display a video signal; N (where N is a positive integer) number of data drive circuits that generate a polarity pattern of the video signal and supply it to the liquid crystal cell through a plurality of output channels; and a polarity controller that controls the polarity signal and supplies it to the N number of the data drive circuits on the basis of a first selection signal corresponding to the number of the output channels and a second selection signal corresponding to a repetition period of the polarity pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display improves a picture quality displayed by a liquid crystal display. A brightness adjuster adjusts a brightness component of input video data and a brightness controller returns the adjusted brightness component to the brightness adjuster when the a value of the adjusted brightness component is outside a predetermined brightness reference range until the brightness adjuster produces a brightness component that is within the predetermined brightness reference range.

Abstract: A driving system for a liquid crystal display includes an analog driving circuit unit, a digital analog converter and a digital interface unit. The digital analog converter supplies an analog voltage for operating the analog driving circuit unit. The digital interface unit supplies a digital signal to the digital analog converter. The analog driving circuit units, the digital analog converter and the digital interface unit may be mounted on a single chip.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of driving a liquid crystal display device include receiving gamma-treated data, performing a reverse gamma correction of the data, the reverse-gamma-corrected data having a first linear characteristic, performing a signal processing of the reverse-gamma-corrected data having the first linear characteristic, performing a gamma correction of the processed data, and generating data signals based on the gamma-corrected data using analog voltage values, the data signals having a second linear characteristic.

Abstract: A MOS transistor that has a protruding portion with a favorable vertical profile and a protruded-shape channel that requires no additional photolithography process, and a method of fabricating the same are provided. A first mask that defines an isolation region of a substrate is overall etched to form a second mask with a smaller width than the first mask. Then, the substrate is etched to a predetermined depth while using the second mask as an etch mask, thereby forming the protruding portion. Without performing a photolithography process, the protruding portion has a favorable profile and the protruding height of an isolation layer is adjusted to be capable of appropriately performing ion implantation upon the protruding portion.

Abstract: A transistor and a method of fabricating the same: The transistor includes an isolation layer disposed in a semiconductor substrate to define an active region. A pair of source/drain regions is disposed in the active region, spaced apart from each other. A channel region is interposed between the pair of the source/drain regions. The active region has a mesa disposed across the channel region. The mesa extends to the source/drain regions. A gate electrode is disposed to cross the active region along the direction across the mesa.

Abstract: A driving method and apparatus for a liquid crystal display uses a comparison between the previous frame and the current frame to expand the contrast ratio and reduce the manufacturing cost. A limited amount of data from the current image may be used: either using a limited area of the image or merely the amount of green in the overall image or the limited area. In the apparatus, an image signal modulator expands the contrast of the input data when the previous image is analogous to the current image to thereby generate output data. A timing controller re-arranges the output data to apply the output data to a data driver.

Abstract: The present invention provides: (i) a nonaqueous electrolyte for batteries, which is characterized by containing halogen; (ii) a nonaqueous electrolyte for batteries, which is characterized by containing pyrrol or its derivative and halogen; and (iii) a lithium secondary battery which is characterized by including the nonaqueous electrolyte (i) or (ii). The inventive lithium secondary battery has improvements in charge/discharge and cycle life characteristics at ambient and high temperatures, and/or storage characteristics and safety at high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for recognizing biological named entity from biological literature based on united medical language system (UMLS). The apparatus and the method receives metathesaurus from the UMLS, constructs a concept name database, a single name database and a category keyterm database, which are language resources to be used recognize a named entity, receives each concept name stored in the concept name database, extracts features of each of the concept names by using data stored in the single name database and the category keyterm database, constructs a rule database by creating rules used to recognize the named entity and filtering the rules by using the extracted features, receives a biological literature, extracts nouns and noun phrases that are candidate named entities, applies the rules stored in the rule database to the nouns and the noun phrases, and recognizes the named entities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new plastic flooring that is assembled by concave portions and convex portions. The plastic flooring provides space between the concave portions and convex portions. The space absorbs the heat expansion of the plastic flooring such that the deformation of the plastic flooring is prevented. Also, the space stores an adhesive on a bottom floor such that crevices between the plastic flooring are prevented.

Abstract: A transistor includes a substrate and a device isolation layer that is formed on the substrate to define an active region. A gate pattern crosses over the active region. A gate insulation layer is interposed between the gate pattern and the active region. Source and drain regions are formed in the active region adjacent to respective sides of the gate pattern. A channel region is disposed in the active region between the source and drain regions. The channel region includes a recessed portion.