Abstract: An error correction device includes a bit reliability value determination circuit configured to determine bit reliability values respectively corresponding to hard decision bits, based on soft decision bit sets respectively corresponding to the hard decision bits; and a decoder including a variable node configured to receive and store the hard decision bits and the bit reliability values, and perform a decoding operation for the hard decision bits by restoring reliability values from the bit reliability values, wherein the reliability values respectively correspond to elements except a decision symbol configured by the hard decision bits, in a Galois field (GF) defined in the variable node.

Abstract: Provided herein may be an error correction circuit. An error correction circuit for performing error correction decoding based on an iterative decoding scheme using a NB-LDPC code may include a symbol configuration circuit for configuring an initial symbol to be assigned as a variable node value to a variable node, a reliability value initialization circuit for initializing first reliability values of candidate symbols corresponding to the variable node based on the initial symbol assigned to the variable node, and a symbol correction circuit updating the first reliability values of the candidate symbols based on communications received from a check node coupled to the variable node, the candidate symbols having updated first reliability values, respectively, and adjusting the variable node value to one of the candidate symbols based on a comparison with the updated first reliability value of one of the candidate symbols with a first threshold value.

Abstract: An error correction device includes: a plurality of variable node units each configured to: receive a hard decision bit and a channel reliability value having a first bit-precision; and perform an iteration of a decoding operation on the hard decision bit based on the channel reliability value; a plurality of check node units each configured to: receive one or more reference reliability values having a second bit-precision from one or more variable node units coupled thereto among the plurality of variable node units during the iteration; and transmit, based on the one or more reference reliability values, one or more check reliability values having the second bit-precision to the one or more variable node units coupled thereto, wherein, during the iteration, each of the plurality of variable node units further: receives one or more first check reliability values from one or more check node units coupled thereto among the plurality of check node units; and updates the hard decision bit with reference to the c

Abstract: A decoding method for a low density parity check (LDPC) code includes: updating a first check node, among a plurality of check nodes, by receiving, by the first check node, a bit decision and an associated first reliability value from each of a subset of variable nodes including a first variable node among a plurality of variable nodes, calculating a syndrome value and a second reliability value of the first check node based on the received bit decisions and first reliability values, and outputting the calculated syndrome value and second reliability value of the first check node to a variable node of the plurality of variable nodes but not of the subset of variable nodes; and updating the first variable node by receiving, by the first variable node, a syndrome value and a second reliability value of a second check node among the plurality of check nodes, and updating the first reliability value of the first variable node based on the syndrome value and the second reliability value of the second check node.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, when a mobile robot travels, if the learning information of the avoiding mark which is machine-trained by the mobile robot corresponds to a mark around the target object sensed by the mobile robot, the mobile robot can avoid the sensed avoiding mark. That is, the mobile robot may collide with an object which needs to be avoided while traveling. Therefore, when an avoiding mark which is formed of at least any one of a different color or a different material from the floor of the driving area is disposed around an object to be avoided or an area to be avoided and the avoiding mark is sensed, the mobile robot autonomously avoids the object or the area to be avoided to be prevented from colliding with the object which needs to be avoided or traveling in the area to be avoided.

Abstract: An operating method of a controller, comprising: generating, when a first ECC decoding operation to codeword read from a semiconductor memory device according to a hard read voltage fails, an optimization information corresponding the result of the first ECC decoding operation; generating one or more quantization intervals determined by the optimization information; and performing a second ECC decoding operation to codeword read from the semiconductor memory device according to soft read voltages determined by the quantization intervals and the hard read voltage, wherein the optimization information includes: deterioration information of a memory block; ECC decoder parameter information; and constituent code parameter information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a folding apparatus for flexible material durability testing, the folding apparatus including: a material fixing part fixing a part of a flexible material to be tested; a pivoting plate spaced apart at a predetermined gap from the material fixing part, and folding or unfolding the flexible material by rotatively moving in a state where the other part of the flexible material is fixed thereon; and a motion controller supporting the pivoting plate to enforce the pivoting plate to rotatively move and to allow the pivoting plate to forwardly or backwardly move with respect to the material fixing part at the same time. In addition, because a miscellaneous force in addition to tensile force is not applied to the material during flexible material durability testing, the testing is highly reliable. Accordingly, the folding apparatus may accurately perform the flexible material durability testing.

Abstract: A parity check matrix generator for generating a parity check matrix including non-binary cyclic permutation matrices may include: a first memory configured to store a first weight as location information on a non-binary cyclic permutation matrix within the parity check matrix; a second memory configured to store a second weight as cyclic strength of matrix elements of the non-binary cyclic permutation matrix; a third memory configured to store a third weight used to determine a size of a non-binary matrix element among the matrix elements of the non-binary cyclic permutation matrix; and a matrix generator configured to generate the non-binary cyclic permutation matrix by applying a non-binary value to matrix elements of 1's among matrix elements of a binary cyclic permutation matrix having a size corresponding to the non-binary cyclic permutation matrix and reflecting one or more of the first to third weights into the non-binary value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light-emitting element comprising a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, which have different colors, the organic light-emitting element comprising: a substrate; a first electrode arranged on the substrate; a second electrode arranged on the first electrode so as to face the first electrode; an organic light-emitting layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic light-emitting layer comprising a first organic light-emitting layer arranged on the first sub-pixel, a second organic light-emitting layer arranged on the second sub-pixel, and a third organic light-emitting layer arranged on the third sub-pixel; a hole transport layer arranged between the first electrode and the organic light-emitting layer; and a light-emitting supplement layer arranged between the hole transport layer and the organic light-emitting layer, the light-emitting supplement layer comprising a first light-emitting supplement layer, which i

Abstract: An operating method of a controller includes generating a square message matrix of k×k; and generating an encoded message by encoding the square message matrix row by row through a Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, wherein the square message matrix includes an upper triangular matrix and a lower triangular matrix, which are symmetrical to each other with reference to zero-padding blocks included in a diagonal direction in the square message matrix, wherein the upper triangular matrix includes “?” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?+1”, and “(N??)” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?”, and wherein “?”, “?” and N have relationships represented by equations 1 and 2: ? = ? M N ? [ Equation ? ? 1 ] ? = M ? ? mod ? ? N [ Equation ? ? 2 ] where “M” represents a size of a message input from a host and “N” represents a number of message blocks forming the upper triangular matrix.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a steering control apparatus and method, and a steering system. The steering controller manages the access right to the shared resource so that the access to the shared resource shared with the other steering controller is not overlapped with the other steering controller by using the shared resource manager, and controls the steering of the vehicle by accessing the shared resource according to the access right to the shared resource.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a carbonated water producing apparatus which guides a replacement of a cylinder using sound generated when carbon dioxide is supplied from the cylinder, and a refrigerator having the same.

Abstract: An error correction circuit includes a decoder including a plurality of check node units and variable node units corresponding to a parity check matrix of low density parity check (LDPC) scheme, and configured to generate decoded data by decoding a codeword; a syndrome check circuit configured to calculate a reference value for the codeword based on the parity check matrix, and generate a decoder operation control signal corresponding to the reference value; and a control circuit configured to control whether to operate each of the plurality of check node units and variable node units of the decoder in response to the decoder operation control signal, wherein the decoder decodes the codeword based on check node units and variable node units which operate according to the control of the control circuit among the plurality of check node units and variable node units.

Abstract: An operation method of a controller may include encoding a first data at a first code rate such that the encoded first data is decoded by a first parity check matrix included in a variable code-rate parity check matrix and encoding a second data at a second code-rate such that the encoded second data is decoded by a second parity check matrix included in a variable code-rate parity check matrix.

Abstract: An operation method of a memory controller may include performing a first decoding operation to a message of an internal region included in a codeword received from a semiconductor memory device by using an internal parity, wherein the message and the internal parity are included in the internal region in a matrix form; and performing a second decoding operation to the internal region, to which the first decoding operation is performed, by using an outer parity of an outer region.

Abstract: A method and a portable communication device are provided.

Abstract: Use of a mixture of compounds according to the present invention as a phosphorescent host material can achieve a high light emitting efficiency and a low driving voltage in an organic electric element. In addition, an organic electric element having a greatly improved lifespan, and an electronic device comprising the same are provided.

Abstract: Provided are an organic electric element comprising as a phosphorescent host material, a mixture of the compounds of Formula (1) and Formula (2), and an organic electronic device or apparatus thereof for achieving a high luminous efficiency, a low driving voltage, and an improved lifespan.

Abstract: Provided are an organic electric element and an electronic device thereof, the element using a mixture of a compound, of the present invention, as a phosphorescent host material such that high light-emitting efficiency and a low driving voltage of the organic electronic element can be achieved, and the duration of the element can be greatly improved.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound that can improve the lifespan, low drive voltage and high luminous efficiency of an element, an organic electronic element using same, and an electronic device comprising same.