Abstract: Provided is a sanitization apparatus including a rotation drive portion, an annular thin film which has a predetermined perimeter and covers an outer circumference of the rotation drive portion, and a fixed base portion to which the rotation drive portion is attached, in which the rotation drive portion has a disinfection portion which disinfects the thin film, and the fixed base portion has a drive shaft which causes the thin film to perform rotational movement along the outer circumference of the rotation drive portion to cause the thin film to sequentially pass through the disinfection portion.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a transmission, a first measuring unit, a second measuring unit, and a controller. The transmission is configured to automatically shift gears between a driving shaft and a driven shaft to transmit power from the driving shaft to the driven shaft. The first measuring unit is configured to measure the magnitude of a roll angle of a vehicle body. The second measuring unit is configured to measure the angular velocity of the roll angle of the vehicle body. The controller is configured to inhibit the transmission from shifting gears, based on the magnitude and the angular velocity of the roll angle. This configuration provides a motorcycle that enables gear shift control with more detailed response to a situation of a vehicle body.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a transmission, a first measuring unit, a second measuring unit, and a controller. The transmission is configured to automatically shift gears between a driving shaft and a driven shaft to transmit power from the driving shaft to the driven shaft. The first measuring unit is configured to measure the magnitude of a roll angle of a vehicle body. The second measuring unit is configured to measure the angular velocity of the roll angle of the vehicle body. The controller is configured to inhibit the transmission from shifting gears, based on the magnitude and the angular velocity of the roll angle. This configuration provides a motorcycle that enables gear shift control with more detailed response to a situation of a vehicle body.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes a shift drum, a clutch, a clutch lifter, and a transmission body. The shift drum makes a dowel be extracted/inserted between a shifter and a shift gear. The clutch has first friction plates and second friction plates. The first friction plates rotate around a main shaft by receiving power from a crankshaft. The second friction plates are disposed alternately with the first friction plates and are relatively non-rotatably supported by the main shaft. The clutch lifter is displaced between a connection position at which power is transmitted by the clutch and a disconnection position at which the transmission of the power is disconnected. The transmission body transmits a driving force to the shift drum while the clutch lifter moves from the connection position to the disconnection position, in accordance with rotation of a shift spindle that rotates in accordance with a driving force.

Abstract: In a vehicle cam damper structure, a drive shaft includes a cam damper at a midway portion thereof. The cam damper integrates a cam reception portion with a cam via a shaft member. The cam reception portion is connected relatively rotatably with the shaft member. The cam and the shaft member, while being integrally rotatable, are connected with each other axially slidably. The shaft member includes an enlarged-diameter portion. An elastic member that presses the cam toward a side of the cam reception portion is disposed between the enlarged-diameter portion and the cam. An outer cylinder extends across the cam reception portion and the shaft member. A drive-side shaft and a driven-side shaft of the drive shaft are each connected with corresponding one of the cam reception portion and the shaft member.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes a shift drum, a clutch, a clutch lifter, and a transmission body. The shift drum makes a dowel be extracted/inserted between a shifter and a shift gear. The clutch has first friction plates and second friction plates. The first friction plates rotate around a main shaft by receiving power from a crankshaft. The second friction plates are disposed alternately with the first friction plates and are relatively non-rotatably supported by the main shaft. The clutch lifter is displaced between a connection position at which power is transmitted by the clutch and a disconnection position at which the transmission of the power is disconnected. The transmission body transmits a driving force to the shift drum while the clutch lifter moves from the connection position to the disconnection position, in accordance with rotation of a shift spindle that rotates in accordance with a driving force.

Abstract: A basic pulse time setting section determines a basic pulse time for initial invalid stroke elimination by applying current values of oil temperature and throttle opening to the basic pulse time map. A subtraction time setting section determines a subtraction time by applying current values of oil temperature and clutch oil pressure to the subtraction time map. A pulse time determining section determines a predetermined initial invalid stroke elimination pulse time by subtracting the subtraction time from the basic pulse time. An initial invalid stroke elimination permission/inhibition determination section, at a starting timing of initial invalid stroke elimination, inhibits this-time initial invalid stroke elimination if the elapsed time from the execution timing of the preceding initial invalid stroke elimination is within the predetermined inhibition period.

Abstract: A gear position detecting device includes a rotation angle sensor for detecting a turn position of a shift drum and a position sensor for detecting that the shift drum is at a neutral position. The rotation angle sensor is a volume sensor that linearly increases or decreases an output voltage according to a turning motion of the shift drum. The neutral position is set in such a way as not to overlap a dead zone. It is determined according to an output signal of the rotation angle sensor and an output signal of the position sensor whether the shift drum is at a reverse gear position located between the neutral position and the dead zone or a fifth gear position turned by 360 degrees from the reverse gear position. Such detecting device detects a gear position with a high accuracy even if the number of gear positions are increased.

Abstract: In a vehicle cam damper structure, a drive shaft includes a cam damper at a midway portion thereof. The cam damper integrates a cam reception portion with a cam via a shaft member. The cam reception portion is connected relatively rotatably with the shaft member. The cam and the shaft member, while being integrally rotatable, are connected with each other axially slidably. The shaft member includes an enlarged-diameter portion. An elastic member that presses the cam toward a side of the cam reception portion is disposed between the enlarged-diameter portion and the cam. An outer cylinder extends across the cam reception portion and the shaft member. A drive-side shaft and a driven-side shaft of the drive shaft are each connected with corresponding one of the cam reception portion and the shaft member.

Abstract: A basic clutch capacity calculating unit calculates a clutch capacity of the DCT applying an engine speed, a degree of throttle opening, and a front wheel vehicle speed to a map. The basic clutch capacity calculating unit further calculates the DCT basic clutch capacity by amending the basic clutch capacity based on an oil temperature and a water temperature. An NE converted value calculating unit calculates an NE converted value obtained by converting a vehicle speed into an engine speed with the front wheel vehicle speed and a DCT speed change stage as input parameters. A hunting detecting unit detects hunting by comparing the engine speed with the NE converted value when a throttle operation is detected. A DCT clutch capacity correcting unit makes decreasing correction of a DCT clutch capacity when hunting is detected for suppressing the hunting.

Abstract: A gear position detecting device includes a rotation angle sensor for detecting a turn position of a shift drum and a position sensor for detecting that the shift drum is at a neutral position. The rotation angle sensor is a volume sensor that linearly increases or decreases an output voltage according to a turning motion of the shift drum. The neutral position is set in such a way as not to overlap a dead zone. It is determined according to an output signal of the rotation angle sensor and an output signal of the position sensor whether the shift drum is at a reverse gear position located between the neutral position and the dead zone or a fifth gear position turned by 360 degrees from the reverse gear position. Such detecting device detects a gear position with a high accuracy even if the number of gear positions are increased.

Abstract: An engine output control device controls engine output at a time of a downshift speed change of a transmission. The engine output control device includes: engine speed detecting means for detecting an actual engine speed NeJ of a crankshaft; and engine output adjusting means capable of adjusting the engine output according to an operation of a rider. The smaller of a requested engine output PA calculated on a basis of the actual engine speed NeJ and a rider requested engine output PB adjusted by the engine output adjusting means is output as the engine output.

Abstract: In a rough terrain vehicle, at a time of preparing to start movement, in a case that a left paddle switch and a right paddle switch are operated together with an accelerator pedal, an ECU disengages a clutch of an automatic transmission, and causes an output of an engine to increase. On the other hand, at a time of starting movement, in a case that the left paddle switch and the right paddle switch are returned to their initial positions, the ECU engages the clutch and transmits the output of the engine from the engine to vehicle wheels via the automatic transmission, to thereby rapidly start movement of the rough terrain vehicle.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a projection system, a stage having a holder on which a substrate is held, a supply system having a supply flow path via which liquid is supplied to form an immersion area under the projection system, a first recovery system having a recovery port via which the supplied liquid is recovered from above the stage, a second recovery system having a recovery flow path provided in the stage via which the supplied liquid is recovered, and a third recovery system which has a path and which removes liquid in the supply flow path using the path. The substrate is exposed via the liquid immersion area covering a portion of an upper surface of the substrate with exposure light from the projection system.

Abstract: A basic clutch capacity calculating unit calculates a clutch capacity of the DCT applying an engine speed, a degree of throttle opening, and a front wheel vehicle speed to a map. The basic clutch capacity calculating unit further calculates the DCT basic clutch capacity by amending the basic clutch capacity based on an oil temperature and a water temperature. An NE converted value calculating unit calculates an NE converted value obtained by converting a vehicle speed into an engine speed with the front wheel vehicle speed and a DCT speed change stage as input parameters. A hunting detecting unit detects hunting by comparing the engine speed with the NE converted value when a throttle operation is detected. A DCT clutch capacity correcting unit makes decreasing correction of a DCT clutch capacity when hunting is detected for suppressing the hunting.

Abstract: A basic pulse time setting section determines a basic pulse time for initial invalid stroke elimination by applying current values of oil temperature and throttle opening to the basic pulse time map. A subtraction time setting section determines a subtraction time by applying current values of oil temperature and clutch oil pressure to the subtraction time map. A pulse time determining section determines a predetermined initial invalid stroke elimination pulse time by subtracting the subtraction time from the basic pulse time. An initial invalid stroke elimination permission/inhibition determination section, at a starting timing of initial invalid stroke elimination, inhibits this-time initial invalid stroke elimination if the elapsed time from the execution timing of the preceding initial invalid stroke elimination is within the predetermined inhibition period.

Abstract: A clutch hydraulic pressure control circuit includes: a shift valve for switching the destination to feed hydraulic pressure to a first hydraulic clutch or a second hydraulic clutch; and first and second shift solenoid valves operating synchronously to actuate the shift valve. The two shift solenoid valves include a holding valve for keeping hydraulic pressure fed to the shift valve even when hydraulic pressure supply through one of the first and second shift solenoid valves happens to be shut off while hydraulic pressure is fed through the first and second shift solenoid valves to paths between the shift valve and the shift solenoid valves, or when hydraulic pressure supply through one of the first and second shift solenoid valves happens to occur while no hydraulic pressure is fed through the shift solenoid valves.

Abstract: A powertrain structure includes a drive shaft and a driven shaft disposed coaxially, with end surfaces opposed to each other, and a torque damper interposed between the shafts and having half bodies fitted to a shaft end parts of the drive and driven shafts, with the half bodies joined together by engagement of opposed, outer circumferential end surfaces thereof and a damper spring interposed therebetween such that it straddles drive-side and driven-side spring recesses respectively formed in the opposed surfaces of the half bodies. One of two fitting parts provided between the half bodies and the respective shafts has a smaller clearance and the other has an larger clearance in the radial direction of the shafts.

Abstract: A liquid immersion exposure apparatus includes a projection system having a last optical element, a liquid supply system having a first path through which immersion liquid is supplied to a supply opening, and a liquid removal system having a second path connected to the first path. The liquid removal system removes the immersion liquid from the first path using the second path so that the supply flow path becomes a substantially gas filled space.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate with an illumination light via a projection optical system. The apparatus has a base member supported via a first isolating member below the projection optical system; a stage arranged on the base member, and having a holder configured to support the substrate; a metrology frame supported via a second isolating member; a drive system to drive the stage on the base member; a plurality of grating portions on the metrology frame and arranged substantially parallel to a predetermined plane orthogonal to an optical axis of the projection optical system above the stage; an encoder system on the stage and configured to obtain position information of the stage; and a controller configured to control the drive system based on the position information obtained by the encoder system.