Abstract: A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a silver complex comprising reducible silver ions, (b) an organic phosphite, (c) an oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent, (d) a hindered pyridine, (e) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer, and (f) a photosensitizer different from all components (a) through (e) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition, in an amount of at least 1 weight %. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.

Abstract: A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a silver complex comprising reducible silver ions, (b) an organic phosphite, (c) an oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent, (d) a hindered pyridine, (e) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer, and (f) a photo sensitizer different from all components (a) through (e) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition, in an amount of at least 1 weight %. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.

Abstract: A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a complex of silver and a hindered aromatic N-heterocycle comprising reducible silver ions in an amount of at least 2 weight %, (b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight %, and (c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.

Abstract: A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a complex of silver and a hindered aromatic N-heterocycle comprising reducible silver ions in an amount of at least 2 weight %, (b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight %, and (c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.

Abstract: Acrylate-containing compositions are photocured by mixing at least one N-oxyazinium salt photoinitiator, a photosensitizer for the N-oxyazinium salt, an N-oxyazinium salt efficiency amplifier, an aromatic heterocyclic, nitrogen-containing base, and one or more photocurable acrylates to form a photocurable composition. This photocurable composition is then irradiated to effect polymerization of the one or more acrylates. This method can be carried out in oxygen-containing environments.

Abstract: Pyrene can be used as a fluorescent probe for various industrial purposes. For example, it can be included in photocurable or thermally curable compositions and monitoring the fluorescence emission spectra before and after some curing will provide an indication of how much curing has occurred. Such monitoring can be carried out multiple times during a manufacturing process. Monitoring can also be done at different locations of a composition such as at inner and outer surfaces of a photocured or thermally cured layer.

Abstract: Pyrene can be used as a fluorescent probe for various industrial purposes. For example, it can be included in photocurable or thermally curable compositions and monitoring the fluorescence emission spectra before and after some curing will provide an indication of how much curing has occurred. Such monitoring can be carried out multiple times during a manufacturing process. Monitoring can also be done at different locations of a composition such as at inner and outer surfaces of a photocured or thermally cured layer.

Abstract: Pyrene can be used as a fluorescent probe for various industrial purposes. For example, it can be included in photocurable or thermally curable compositions and monitoring the fluorescence emission spectra before and after some curing will provide an indication of how much curing has occurred. Such monitoring can be carried out multiple times during a manufacturing process. Monitoring can also be done at different locations of a composition such as at inner and outer surfaces of a photocured or thermally cured layer.

Abstract: A method of operating a first motor/generator and a second motor/generator in a vehicle drive includes operating the vehicle drive in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, the first operating mode including operating the first motor/generator as a generator and operating the second motor/generator as a motor, the second operating mode including operating both the first motor/generator as a generator and the second motor/generator as a generator when a first power generation capability associated with the first motor/generator is below a first threshold level, the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator providing electrical power to the DC bus without doing either of (a) providing electrical power to an energy storage device or (b) consuming electrical power from an energy storage device.

Abstract: A precursor dielectric composition comprises: (1) a photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer that has a Tg of at least 50° C. and comprises: an organic polymer backbone comprising (a) recurring units comprising pendant thiosulfate groups; and organic charge balancing cations, (2) optionally, an electron-accepting photosensitizer component, and (3) one or more organic solvents in which the photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer is dissolved or dispersed. These precursor dielectric compositions can be applied to various substrates and eventually cured to form dielectric compositions or layers for various types of electronic devices.

Abstract: A photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer has (a) recurring units and (d) recurring units, shown as either Structure (I) or (II) and Structure (V) below: R represents the organic polymer backbone, G is a single bond or divalent linking group, Q+ is an organic charge balancing cation, M represents a charge balancing cation, and “a” represents at least 0.5 mol % and to 99.5 mol % of (a) recurring units; R? represents the organic polymer backbone, G? is a carbonyloxy group, R3 comprises a monovalent linear, branched, or carbocyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or it comprises a phenyl group having one or more such substituents, and “d” represents at least 0.5 mol % and to 99.5 mol % of (d) recurring units. These thiosulfate-containing polymers can be used to made dielectric compositions and gate dielectric layers in various devices.

Abstract: A semiconductor device can be prepared with a gate dielectric layer that comprises: (1) a photochemically or thermally crosslinked product of a photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer that has a Tg of at least 50° C. and that comprises: an organic polymer backbone comprising (a) recurring units comprising pendant thiosulfate groups; and further comprises charge balancing cations, and (2) optionally, an electron-accepting photosensitizer component.

Abstract: Photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymers have a Tg of at least 50° C. and (a) recurring units comprising pendant thiosulfate groups, and (b) recurring units comprising organic charge balancing cations that are associated with the (a) recurring units sufficiently to provide a net neutral charge with the pendant thiosulfate groups. These polymers can be represented by the following Structure (III): wherein R represents the organic polymer backbone, G is a single bond or a divalent linking group, M+ represents the organic charge balancing cation, and “a” represents at least 0.5 mol % and up to and including 50 mol % of (a) recurring units, and “b” represents the (b) recurring units and is at least equal to the “a” mol %, based on the total recurring units. These thiosulfate-containing polymers can be used to made dielectric compositions and gate dielectric layers in various devices.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition has seven essential components: (a) a photopolymerizable epoxy material, (b) a photoacid generator such as an onium salt, (c) electron acceptor photosensitizer, (d) an electron donor co-initiator having an oxidation potential of 0.1 V to 3 V vs. SCE, (e) metal particles, and in some embodiments, (f) one or more free radically polymerizable compounds, and (g) one or more free radical photoinitiators. This photopolymerizable composition can be applied or printed onto one or both sides of various substrates to form articles that can be used to form electrically conductive materials. Methods for using the photopolymerizable compositions include electroless plating methods that can be carried out in roll-to-roll printing and plating systems once various photocured patterns are formed from the photopolymerizable compositions.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition has five essential components: (a) a photopolymerizable epoxy material, (b) a photoacid generator such as an onium salt, (c) electron donor photosensitizer having an oxidation potential of at least 0.4 V and up to and including 3 V vs. SCE, and (d) metal particles. This photopolymerizable composition can be applied or printed onto one or both sides of various substrates to form articles that can be used to form electrically conductive materials. Methods for using the photopolymerizable compositions include electroless plating methods that can be carried out in roll-to-roll printing systems once various photocured patterns are formed from the photopolymerizable compositions.

Abstract: Specific applications of particles and particle agglomerates with semiconductor surfaces are provided. The particles and particle agglomerates display a high affinity for viral particles, and may be used therapeutically and/or prophylactically to treat or prevent viral infections. The particles and particle agglomerates may also be used to remove viral particles from a surface or fluid, e.g., as an absorbent in a filter, applied to surfaces to render them virostatic, and as tool to handle viral particles, e.g., for research, diagnostic, or decontamination purposes.

Abstract: A fuel cell fleet has a plurality of fuel cell systems each connected to a data server. The data server may be configured to obtain operational data from of the plurality of fuel cell systems. An efficiency controller operably connected to the data server and is configured to predict an efficiency and a power output of the fleet from the operational data and optimize the efficiency of the fleet to minimize the fleet fuel consumption while maintaining a desired fleet output power. The efficiency may be determined by a ratio of the fleet output current or output power to the fleet fuel consumption.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method of operating a first motor/generator and a second motor/generator in a vehicle drive. The first motor/generator is electrically coupled to the second motor/generator by a DC bus. The vehicle drive is configured to propel a vehicle. The method includes operating the first motor/generator as a generator, providing electrical power to the DC bus. The first motor/generator provides the electrical power required by the second motor/generator and the electrical power required to offset losses. The method also includes operating the second motor/generator as a motor, consuming electrical power from the DC bus. The sum of the electrical power provided, the electrical power losses, and the electrical power consumed is zero. The first motor/generator provides electrical power and the second motor/generator consumes electrical power without providing electrical power to an energy storage device or consuming electrical power from an energy storage device.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition has five essential components: (a) a photopolymerizable epoxy material, (b) a photoacid generator such as an onium salt, (c) electron donor photosensitizer having an oxidation potential of at least 0.4 V and up to and including 3 V vs. SCE, and (d) metal particles. This photopolymerizable composition can be applied or printed onto one or both sides of various substrates to form articles that can be used to form electrically conductive materials. Methods for using the photopolymerizable compositions include electroless plating methods that can be carried out in roll-to-roll printing systems once various photocured patterns are formed from the photopolymerizable compositions.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a vehicle drive. The vehicle drive includes a first gear set and a second gear set. Each gear set includes a sun gear, a ring gear, planetary gears, and a planetary gear carrier. The vehicle drive includes a first motor/generator coupled to the sun gear of the first gear set. The vehicle drive includes a second motor/generator coupled to the planetary gear carrier or the ring gear of the first gear set. The second motor/generator is electrically coupled to the first motor/generator. The motor/generators are electrically coupled without an energy storage device. The vehicle drive includes an engine coupled to the ring gear of the first gear set and selectively coupled to the second motor/generator. The vehicle drive includes a first and a second clutch configured to selectively engage the second motor/generator to the planetary gear carrier of the first gear set or the engine.