Abstract: The invention relates to a ruthenium complex having the formulaRu.sup.2+ L.sub.1 L.sub.2 L.sub.3 Iwherein L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 are the same or different are equal to a bi- or polycyclic ligand with at least two nitrogen-containing heterocycles, whereby at least one of these ligands is substituted with at least one group conferring water-solubility, and whereby at least one of these ligands is substituted, optionally via a spacer group, with at least one reactive group, and whereby the ligands L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 are attached to the ruthenium via nitrogen atoms.The invention is further related to such ruthenium complexes having coupled thereto an immunologically active material, for example, antigens, haptens or antibodies and to the use of said ruthenium complexes in fluorescence spectroscopy. Specific ligands L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 which are useful in the ruthenium complexes of the invention are, e.g.

Abstract: For picture elements (pixels) having a luminance value in a mid-range of luminance magnitude and a color saturation smaller than a predetermined threshold value a correction signal is obtained by integration of the color saturation value followed by multiplication by the difference between an actual luminance signal and a gradation distorted luminance signal. Threshold values at the boundaries of the mid-range of the luminance signal are determined in a manner dependent upon the extreme values that appear from time to time in the luminance signal. The stored maximum and minimum values of the luminance signals are respectively decremented and incremented at frame intervals until replaced by a new maximum or minimum value establishing a new maximum or minimum.

Abstract: A tensioning device for chain or belt drives comprising a damping piston guided in a cylindrical housing and loaded in the chain tensioning direction by a compression spring located in the housing, wherein a high pressure chamber for hydraulic fluid is situated between the housing bottom and the damping piston and is open via a leakage gap formed by the guide bore of the housing and the damping piston and closed with respect to an oil reservoir by a non-return valve, the hydraulic pressure in the high pressure chamber during the operation of the tensioning device being higher in the cold state than in the heated state due to differences in viscosity, characterized in that the high pressure chamber is delimited by an additional piston acting as an overpressure piston on which a second compression spring acts in the direction of the high pressure chamber, the overpressure piston being able to bear against a fixed stop and the spring force of the second compression spring and the effective surface of the overpre

Abstract: A hydraulic play compensation element for the drive of a valve of an internal combustion engine with a housing in which a hollow piston is mounted such as to be acted upon, via a non-return valve, by oil pressure, the hollow piston being surrounded by an oil reservoir which communicates via an oil passage with the inner space of the hollow piston and in which a sleeve is inserted which with a part of its wall forms an oil transfer channel between an oil inlet in the housing and an upper region of the reservoir.

Abstract: A substance exchange system especially for humidifying gases has at least one bundle of hollow fibers wherein a first flow space surrounds the outside of the hollow fibers and a second flow space is formed by the inner spaces of the hollow fibers with the exchange between the flow spaces being dependent on the exchange characteristic values of the hollow fibers. This substance exchange system is improved with respect to a more flexible determination of exchange quantities which are mutually independent. According to the invention, at least two sub-regions having hollow fibers of different exchange characteristic values are provided.

Abstract: A ball-and-socket joint interposed between a rocker arm and a valve shaft of an internal combustion engine including a journal cooperating with the rocker arm and having a crowned end face which cooperates with a spherical cavity of a joint socket provided at its side opposing the spherical cavity with a plane surface by which it bears against the valve shaft wherein a restraining element is linked to the journal or to a structural element connected to the journal for grasping from behind the circumferential surface of the joint socket thereby securely holding the latter at the journal, characterized in that the restraining element is a spring element (10,19) which bears by elastic prestress against the joint socket (7) thereby holding the crowned end face (5) of the journal (4) in play free contact with the spherical cavity (6).

Abstract: A control device for a valve arranged in a fuel injection line of an internal combustion engine and closable to build up of injection pressure at an injection nozzle wherein a play adjusting element is arranged between a valve body of the valve and a drive element, characterized in that the adjusting element (14) is provided with two pistons (15, 22) guided in a housing (13), the first pistion (15) is acted upon by the drive element and the second pistion(22) acts upon the valve body, and the housing (13) accommodates between the pistons (15, 22) an oil-containing pressure chamber (23) which is sealed against the valve (1, 2) and accommodates a pressure spring (24) acting upon the pistions (15, 22).

Abstract: A process for producing a hollow fiber mass transfer module with a number of hollow fibers sealed into a housing is improved according to the invention with regard to the development of a desirable flow space in the surface area of the hollow fibers by the fact that a spacing material is applied to the outsides of the hollow fibers before their insertion into the housing (2). The thickness of the material is chosen to conform to the desired separation of the hollow fibers. The hollow fibers are arranged substantially parallel and inserted as a bundle into the housing and are fixed with the grout. The spacing material can have a layered or particulate and granular form. A hollow fiber mass transfer module produced by the process pursuant to the invention has hollow fibers suitably arranged at uniform mutual spacings.

Abstract: In a hydrodynamic-mechanical transmission for motor vehicles, consisting of a torque converter followed by a planetary gear with hydraulically actuable shift mechanism associated with the several transmission elements to select the various speeds, the planetary gear including a first sun gear connectable by way of a first clutch to the turbine rotor of the torque converter, a second sun gear connectable by way of a second clutch to the turbine rotor, a planetary mount connectable by way of a third clutch, bypassing the torque converter, directly to the engine drive shaft, on which mount first and second planet gears in engagement with each other and with the sun gears are mounted, and an internal gear constituting the drive output and in engagement with second planet gears meshing with the second sun gear, the possibility exists of reaching the third, direct speed either by purely hydrodynamic means including the torque converter by engaging the first and second clutches, by purely mechanical means bypassing

Abstract: A substance exchange system especially for humidifying gases has at least one bundle of hollow fibers wherein a first flow space surrounds the outside of the hollow fibers and a second flow space is formed by the inner spaces of the hollow fibers with the exchange between the flow spaces being dependent on the exchange characteristic values of the hollow fibers. This substance exchange system is improved with respect to a more flexible determination of exchange quantities which are mutually independent. According to the invention, at least two sub-regions having hollow fibers of different exchange characteristic values are provided.

Abstract: A chain tightener with a dampening piston guided in a housing and axially acted upon by a spring in the chain tightening direction, and a radially resilient stop ring which cooperates with recesses of the housing and the dampening piston and limits its stroke while allowing a return movement of the dampening direction opposite to the chain tightening direction, wherein the housing (1) has a receiving groove (10) and the dampening piston (3) has an insert edge (25) for the stop ring (26) wherein during sliding of the dampening piston (3) into the housing (1) the insert edge (25) shifts the stop ring (26) until the latter radially snaps into the receiving groove (10), that a locking groove (18) for the stop ring (26) is provided at the dampening piston (3) which is defined on the one hand by a stop end face (19) and on the other hand by a stop ramp (20) wherein the stop ramp (20) fits under the stop ring (26) snapped in the receiving groove (10), that the stop end face (19) shifts the stop ring (26) under the a

Abstract: A mechanical-hydraulic actuating element for a belt tightener especially for internal combustion engines comprising a piston (11) guided in a cylinder (10) between which a spring (14) acts so that piston (11) and cylinder (10) are urged apart wherein a pressure space (19) as defined by piston (11) and cylinder (10) is separated from an oil reservoir (16) by a check valve (20) which allows the free oil passsage from the oil reservoir (16) into the pressure space (19) while the annular gap between piston (11) and cylinder (10) is dimensioned so that oil can flow under pressure which counteracts the force of the spring (14) from the pressure space (19) into the oil reservoir (16) through the annular gap, characterized in that the oil reservoir (16) is designed as a circular ring-shaped hollow space which surrounds the cylinder (10) and is defined toward the outside by a hollow cylindrical cup-shaped housing (15) which is sealed at its open end by an elastic bellows seal (29) attached to the housing (15), on the

Abstract: A self-adjusting hydraulic valve tappet arranged in a guide bore of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and being contacted at one end face of the valve tappet by a cam and bearing with a second end face against the end of a valve stem, the tappet comprising a cup-shaped housing comprised of a hollow cylindrical wall closed at one end by an end member against the outside of which the cam abuts and a cylindrical guide sleeve concentric with the cylindrical wall and surrounded by an external oil reservoir and in which the play compensating element is guided for longitudinal movement and abuts at its end against the valve stem characterized in that the valve tappet is comprised of three main structural elements of(a) the outer metallic cup-shaped housing (1)(b) a polymeric inner element (4,31,32) accommodated therein defining the guide sleeve and forming the external oil reservoir (17) together with the cup-shaped housing (1) and(c) the self-adjusting play compensating element (7) guided for longitu

Abstract: In a chain tightener with a dampening piston guided in a housing and axially acted upon by a spring in the chain tightening direction wherein the dampening piston is retainable by a mounting ring within the housing in a blocking position which is released through axial pressure in the direction opposite to the chain tightening direction, the inprovement comprising the mounting ring (30) snaps into a groove (29) which is located at the forward end of the dampening piston (3) and is provided with a bevelled surface (28) and an adjacent latch surface (27), and that the mounting ring (30) is shiftable onto the latch surface (27) via the bevelled surface (28) with a tool insertable in a gap (31) between the housing (1) and the dampening piston (3) wherein the mounting ring (30) engages in a notch (13) of the housing (1) thereby blocking a movement of the dampening piston (3) relative to the housing (1).

Abstract: A process for producing a hollow fiber mass transfer module with a number of hollow fibers sealed into a housing is improved according to the invention with regard to the development of a desirable flow space in the surface area of the hollow fibers by the fact that a spacing material is applied to the outsides of the hollow fibers before their insertion into the housing (2). The thickness of the material is chosen to conform to the desired separation of the hollow fibers. The hollow fibers are arranged substantially parallel and inserted as a bundle into the housing and are fixed with the grout. The spacing material can have a layered or particulate and granular form. A hollow fiber mass transfer module produced by the process pursuant to the invention has hollow fibers suitably arranged at uniform mutual spacings.

Abstract: An hydraulic valve clearance compensation element comprising a housing in which a pressure piston is guided and a pressure space is disposed behind the pressure piston, an oil inlet chamber with an oil inlet opening to supply oil to the pressure space, characterized in that the pressure space (13) and guide means (5) for the pressure piston (6,7) is formed by the base (1), the oil inlet chamber (23) is provided between the base (1) and a housing sleeve (18) which is arranged concentrically at the piston side of the base (1) and the oil inlet opening (26) is provided on the housing sleeve (18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a ruthenium complex having the formulaRu.sup.2+ L.sub.1 L.sub.2 L.sub.3 Iwherein L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 are the same or different are equal to a bi- or polycyclic ligand with at least two nitrogen-containing heterocycles, whereby at least one of these ligands is substituted with at least one group conferring water-solubility, and whereby at least one of these ligands is substituted, optionally via a spacer group, with at least one reactive group, and whereby the ligands L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 are attached to the ruthenium via nitrogen atoms.The invention is further related to such ruthenium complexes having coupled thereto an immunologically active material, for example, antigens, haptens or antibodies and to the use of said ruthenium complexes in fluorescence spectroscopy. Specific ligands L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 which are useful in the ruthenium complexes of the invention are, e.g.

Abstract: A self-adjusting hydraulic valve tappet arranged in a guide bore of a cylinder head of an ice being located between a cam of a cam shaft and an end of a valve stem, the tappet comprising a cup shaped housing (1) closed at one end by an end member (3) against the outside of which the cam abuts and a cylindrical guide sleeve (6) concentric with a cylindrical wall (2) and arranged at its end away from member (3) in the center of an annular flange element (5) which at its outer circumference merges into the cylindrical wall (2) of the housing (1) and guide sleeve (6) is spaced at an opposite end from end member (3), a self-adjusting hydraulic play compensating element (10) being guided for longitudinal movement in the guide sleeve (6) comprising an inner piston (12) and an outer piston (11), the two pistons telescoping and defining oil pressure chamber (22) which communicates through a bore in the inner piston (12) closed by a check valve (21) with a central oil reservoir (13) disposed in inner piston (12), the o

Abstract: A ventilating device for a gas-carrying flowing fluid medium, includes a gas collecting chamber having an open bottom, a housing below the collecting chamber, and a tube disposed substantially horizontally in the housing below the gas collecting chamber for conducting the medium and reducing the velocity of the medium, the tube defining a space surrounding the tube in the housing, and the tube having a wall with lateral openings formed therein permitting gas bubbles to rise through the wall openings into the space and from the space into the gas collecting chamber.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein two of the residues R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent C.sub.10-30 -alkyl residues with at least 8 C-atoms in a straight chain, at least one of these residues being substituted by at least 2 C.sub.1-3 -alkyl residues and the sum of the C-atoms in the two residues being greater than 20; and the third residue is a residue --P(O)(O.sup.-)OR.sup.4 in which R.sup.4 represents a lower-alkyl or C.sub.5-7 -cycloalkyl residue which is substituted by a quaternary ammonium group or a C.sub.5-7 -cycloalkyl residue which contains a di-(lower-alkyl)-substituted nitrogen atom,are useful for the manufacture of colloidal solution systems. The compounds of formula I can be prepared starting from glycerol derivatives as described in more detail in the specification.