Abstract: A water cooling apparatus is disposed outside an electronic apparatus equipped with a heat generating part to cool heat generated from the heat generating part by using a coolant. The water cooling apparatus includes a plurality of hollow tubes through which the coolant receiving the heat of the heat generating part flows to be cooled. Each hollow tube is formed in a shape of a quadratic curve. The water cooling apparatus further includes at least one radiator that includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins coupled to the plurality of hollow tubes and is arranged to be separated from each other along the plurality of hollow tubes.

Abstract: A vehicle detecting apparatus obtains a magnetic signal from strength of a geomagnetic field generated due to a movement of a vehicle, and detects and classifies the moving vehicle on the basis of information regarding the latest magnetic signal change pattern indicating a change in the magnetic signal and information regarding a magnetic signal change pattern with respect to each vehicle stored in a database. The vehicle detecting apparatus receives detection and classification information regarding a vehicle which has actually moved, from an external information providing server, and gradually updates it through learning of a magnetic signal change pattern of the corresponding vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle controller includes a communications unit for performing data communications with local servers; a local path generation unit for generating, in response to an automatic vehicle guidance service request, a local path based on a driving control command and sensing information received from the local servers via the communications unit; a path-following control unit for generating actuator control signals for controlling actuators of a vehicle to drive the vehicle along the local path; and a vehicle driving unit for driving the actuators according to the actuator control signals. Each local server pre-processes and merges sensor data received from the infra-sensor to generate the sensing information. A global server generates the driving control command based on the sensing information and transmits the driving control command to the local servers.

Abstract: In a display substrate and a method of manufacturing the display substrate, the display substrate includes a data line, a channel pattern, an insulating pattern and a pixel electrode. The data line extends in a direction on a base substrate. The channel pattern is disposed in a separate region between an input electrode connected to the data line and an output electrode spaced apart from the input electrode. The channel pattern makes contact with the input electrode and the output electrode on the input and output electrodes. The insulating pattern is spaced apart from the channel pattern on the base substrate and includes a contact hole exposing the output electrode. The pixel electrode is formed on the insulating pattern to make contact with the output electrode through the contact hole. Thus, a damage of the oxide semiconductor layer may be minimized and a manufacturing process may be simplified.

Abstract: A thin film transistor panel includes an insulating substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the insulating substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulating layer, an etch stopper disposed on the oxide semiconductor layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the etch stopper.

Abstract: The vehicle detection apparatus includes a communication unit, a magnetic sensing unit, a calibration information generation unit, a vehicle detection unit, and a control unit. The communication unit receives information about movement of a reference vehicle from a central management center. The magnetic sensing unit senses the change in a magnetic field attributable to the movement of a vehicle, and generates a magnetic signal. The calibration information generation unit generates calibration information. The vehicle detection unit calibrates the change in the magnetic signal attributable to movement of an actual vehicle based on the calibration information, and detects the movement of the actual vehicle. The control unit controls the above units, and sets the mode to calibration information generation mode in order to generate the calibration information and to vehicle detection mode in order to sense the movement of the actual vehicle.

Abstract: A display device and a display method using magnetic particles are disclosed. The display method includes: applying a first magnetic field to a plurality of particles in a state where the plurality of particles having a magnetic property and a certain color are dispersed in a solvent so that the plurality of particles are aligned in a direction parallel to a direction of the first magnetic field, and thus a plurality of particle chains are formed; and applying a second magnetic field to at least a part of the formed plurality of particle chains so that at least a part of the plurality of particle chains moves in a direction close to a display surface in an area to which the second magnetic field is applied, and thus the certain color is displayed on the display surface.

Abstract: An oxide or nitride semiconductor layer is formed over a substrate. A first conductive layer including a first element and a second element, and a second conductive layer including the second element are formed over the semiconductor layer. The first element is oxidized or nitrogenized near an interface region between the first conductive layer and the oxide or nitride semiconductor layer by heat treatment or laser irradiation. The Gibbs free energy of oxide formation of the first element is lower than those of the second element or any element in the oxide or nitride semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A sputtering device includes: a sputtering target; a substrate supporter facing the sputtering target and upon which a substrate is disposed; an anode mask between the sputtering target and the substrate which is on the substrate supporter; and a gas distribution member between the anode mask and the sputtering target, and including a plurality of gas distribution tubes separated from each other. Each gas distribution tube includes a plurality of discharge holes defined therein and through which gas is discharged to a vacuum chamber configured to receive the sputtering device.

Abstract: Provided are display apparatuses and methods of operating the same. In a display apparatus, a display image may be continuously held for longer than about 10 msec after the power of the display panel is turned off. The display apparatus may indicate a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including an oxide thin film transistor (TFT). Off leakage current of the oxide TFT may be less than about 10?14 A.

Abstract: An intelligent mine device includes a detection unit configured to detect an approach of a target object. The device includes an analysis processing unit configured to radio-communicate with the target object to perform identification of friend or foe against the target object. The device a blasting unit configured to blast the intelligent mine device when the analysis processing unit identifies the target object as the foe.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same, the device including a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel including substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer therebetween; a backlight unit below the liquid crystal display panel, the backlight unit being for emitting light toward the liquid crystal display panel; a filling that fills defect holes on surfaces of the substrates, which surfaces are relatively remote from the liquid crystal layer, the filling having horizontally even surfaces with respect to the surfaces of the substrates, and a cover member disposed over the defect holes filled with the filling.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor includes a metal electrode and a zinc oxide-based barrier film that blocks a material from diffusing out of the metal electrode. The zinc oxide-based barrier film is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based barrier film. A zinc oxide-based sputtering target for deposition of a barrier film of a thin-film transistor is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based sputtering target.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. A dummy pattern is formed between a fuse pattern and a semiconductor substrate so as to prevent the semiconductor substrate from being damaged, and a buffer pattern is formed between the dummy pattern and the semiconductor substrate, so that a dummy metal pattern primarily absorbs or reflects laser energy transferred to the semiconductor substrate during the blowing of the fuse pattern, and the buffer pattern secondarily reduces stress generated between the dummy pattern and the semiconductor substrate, resulting in the prevention of a defect such as a crack.

Abstract: A zinc oxide (ZnO)-based sputtering target, a method of manufacturing the same, and a thin-film transistor (TFT) having a barrier layer deposited using the same. The zinc oxide-based sputtering target includes a sinter containing zinc oxide doped with gallium oxide, the content of the gallium oxide ranging, by weight, from 10 to 50 percent of the sinter, and a backing plate bonded to the rear surface of the sinter to support the sinter. The zinc oxide-based sputtering target can be subjected to direct current (DC) sputtering, and improve the contact and etching characteristics of a barrier layer that is deposited using the same.

Abstract: A region growing apparatus using multi-core includes a plurality of cores, each core including an operation controller configured to perform an operation for region growing of a 2D pixel region or 3D pixel region and an inner memory configured to store a queue associated with a seed pixel as a target of the operation; and a shared memory connected to the plurality of cores over a network and shared by the plurality of cores.

Abstract: A system for remotely controlling a vehicle in a service area divided into plural service sectors includes: an infra sensor module installed in each service sector for periodically sensing obstacles and vehicles within the service sector; a vehicle controller mounted in each vehicle for requesting the driving guidance service and automatically controlling the vehicle in accordance with a vehicle control signal; and a local server installed in each service sector for communicating with the vehicle controllers through a driving guidance network based on information on the obstacles and vehicles sensed by the infra sensor module. The system further includes a global server for allocating network resources of the driving guidance network to allow the local server to communicate with the vehicle controllers using the allocated network resources.

Abstract: Provided are display apparatuses and methods of operating the same. In a display apparatus, a display image may be continuously held for longer than about 10 msec after the power of the display panel is turned off. The display apparatus may indicate a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including an oxide thin film transistor (TFT). Off leakage current of the oxide TFT may be less than about 10?14 A.