Abstract: A complex comprised of metformin and a transport moiety, such as a fatty acid, is described. The complex has an enhanced absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the lower gastrointestinal tract. The complex, and compositions and dosage forms prepared using the complex, provide for absorption by the body of the drug through a period of ten to twenty-four hours, thus enabling a once-daily dosage form for metformin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for enhancing the dissolution and bioavailibilty of beneficial agents with low water solubility.

Abstract: A novel protein and corresponding DNA involved in Wnt signaling is taught. Antibodies, antisense and ribozymes that target expression of this protein are also provided. Therapies and detection methods involve detecting and regulating expression of this protein are further provided.

Abstract: Two novel proteins that interact with mammalian Dishevelled protein, and the corresponding polynucleotide sequences encoding the proteins, are disclosed. The proteins are referred to as mNkd and DAP 1A. mNkd is expressed at a higher level in mammalian lung tissues than in other mammalian tissues. mNkd inhibits Wnt signaling, and is an activator of the JNK pathway.

Abstract: A tungsten stud, stacked via process, has been developed, featuring smooth planar topographies at all metal levels. The desirable topography is obtained by allowing the tungsten stud to reside at the same level, or slightly above the level, of the top surface of the via hole insulator. This is achieved via an insulator etch back procedure, performed after metal stud formation.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is transported by a mechanical system into or out of a quartz housing filled with a protection gas. The wafer is placed between and spaced apart from two graphite plates. A RF induction coil surrounding the quartz housing is used to heat the graphite plates. Radiation from the heated graphite plates heats the wafer from room temperature to an elevated desired temperature. During the time period when a wafer absorbs radiation primarily through electron-to-electron transition, heat convection and conduction by the protection gas conveys heat from the graphite plates to the wafer to accelerate the heating of the wafer and reduces temperature nonuniformity of the wafer.