Abstract: A rapidly deployable breakwater is disclosed having a primary barrier containing liquid under pressure, and one or more overtopping barriers. The primary barrier floats at, and extends substantially below, the surface of the water, while the overtopping barriers are positioned on the primary barrier and extend substantially above the surface of the water, the combination being adapted to attenuate wave action in open water. The liquid in the primary barrier is pressurized to a level substantially greater than the pressure of the surrounding water, and such pressure may be maintained or varied during the period of deployment of the breakwater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline composition which comprises, as components

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline composition contains, as components, a liquid-crystalline mixture containing at least one compound having two polymerizable groups and at least one compound having only one polymerizable group, and optional further additives. The liquid crystalline composition can be used for printing or coating substrates, in electro-optical components, for counterfeiting-proof marking of articles and for the production of films or coatings which selectively reflect light in the wavelength range from 250 to 1300 nm.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compositions containing, as components, A) at least one compound of the formula I Z1—Y1—A1—Y3—M—Y4—A2—Y2—Z2  (I),  where Z1 and Z2 are each a reactive group, Y1 to Y4 are each a linking unit, A1 and A2 are each a spacer and M is a mesogenic group, B) at least one reactive compound selected from b1) vinyl or allyl ethers, b2) vinyl or allyl esters of saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids, b3) methacrylic or acrylic esters of monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, b4) polyester (meth)acrylates, b5) vinylaromatics or vinylheteroaromatics, and b6) compounds of the general formula II CH2═CH—NR2—R1  (II), in which R1 and R2 are as defined in detail in the description, and C) if desired further additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to applicants unexpected observation that there is a link between specific pH ranges and the onset and/or exacerbation of prickly heat. By using cleanser with defined pH range, the prickly heat can be prevented and/or alleviated.

Abstract: Novel insect repellents having ester bonds such that when deposited on skin, natural skin cleaning agents provide slow release of the active.

Abstract: A method for characterizing and simulating a CMP process, in which a substrate to be polished, in particular a semiconductor wafer, is pressed onto a polishing cloth and is rotated relative to the latter for a defined polishing time. The method includes defining a set of process parameters, in particular a compressive force and a relative rotational speed between a substrate and polishing cloth; preparing and characterizing a test substrate having test patterns with different structure densities using the defined process parameters; determining a set of model parameters for simulating the CMP process from results of the characterization of the test substrate; determining layout parameters of the substrate which is to be polished; defining a profile of demands for a CMP process result for the substrate to be polished; and simulating the CMP process in order to determine the polishing time required to satisfy the profile of demands.

Abstract: An arrangement of an oil-free compressor apparatus on a rail vehicle for supplying compressed air to pneumatic units assigned to the rail vehicle. The arrangement includes an oil-free compressor and a cooler unit connected with the compressor. The arrangement also includes a rail vehicle having a floor with at least one opening. The compressor is fastened on at least one side to the vehicle floor such that a main axis of rotation of the compressor is arranged essentially vertical with respect to the vehicle floor. The cooler unit interacts with the at least one opening that is configured to take in cooling air to cool the compressor.

Abstract: A method for characterizing planarizing properties of a selected expendable material combination in a chemical-mechanical polishing process includes steps of: providing a combination of expendable materials including a softcloth and a polishing agent; providing test substrates with test patterns with different feature densities; performing a polishing process for each of the test substrates while the respective combination of the values for the processing parameters (pressure and velocity) is maintained until saturation is achieved; determining a characteristic quantity for the global grade level from the test substrates that have been polished; and determining expendable material parameters that characterize the planarizing properties for the selected expendable material combination from a functional relationship between the characteristic quantity for the global grade level to a quotient of the relative velocity and the pressure for each one of the test substrates.

Abstract: Novel insect repellents having ester bonds such that when deposited on skin, natural skin cleaning agents provide slow release of the active.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polymerizable liquid-crystalline compounds for the production of optical elements having color- and polarization-selective reflection, and to optical elements comprising these compounds in monomeric or polymerized form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral 1,3-dioxane compounds and diastereomers thereof of the general formula I where R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, and the use of these compounds as chiral dopants for liquid-crystalline systems. The invention further relates to non-polymerizable or polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions comprising at least one chiral 1,3-dioxane compound of the formula (I) of the invention, the use of these non-polymerizable or polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions for producing optical components, the use of the polymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions for printing or coating substrates, for preparing dispersions and emulsions, films or pigments and optical components, printed or coated substrates, dispersions and emulsions, films and pigments of this type.

Abstract: The invention relates to cholesteric layered material having an improved color impression, to pigments prepared therefrom, and to a process for the production and use thereof.

Abstract: A device for the vibration-absorbing mounting of a compressed-air generator including a first spring element which is mounted on a mounting support. A second spring element is provided on which the compressed-air generator is arranged. One of the two spring elements has a spring rigidity in essentially the vertical direction that is maximally half its spring rigidity in essentially the horizontal direction. The second spring element is arranged in series with the first-spring element. The inventive device reduces the acceleration measured at the bottom of the understructure to values which are at least 30% of the values known from the prior art.

Abstract: A platelet-shaped cholesteric multilayer pigment which comprises the layer sequence A1/B/A2 where A1 and A2 are identical or different and each comprise at least one cholesteric layer, and B is at least one interlayer which separates the layers A1 and A2 from one another and which absorbs all or some of the light transmitted by the layers A1 and A2, processes for its preparation, and its use are all described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston airangement for a dual-stage piston compressor, comprising a crankshaft and several cylinders which house the operating pistons. Said arrangement allows two or more low-pressure stages and at least one high-pressure stage to be formed. The invention is characterised in that the two or more low-pressure cylinders are arranged in relation to the high-pressure stage in such a way that said two or more low-pressure cylinders are in phase or are offset by less than±15° and compress in a position which is offset by 180°±20, in relation to one or more high-pressure cylinders.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the general formula I in which the substituents are as defined in the description, as chiral dopants for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals for the generation of layers which reflect in color in the UV or IR region or for the preparation of pigments having a liquid-crystalline cholesteric order.

Abstract: A connecting system for detachably mechanically connecting an electronic component to a support is described. The connecting system has fixed rails that are configured on the longitudinal sides of the support. When the connecting system is assembled, at least two grips on each longitudinal side of the electronic component grip under the fixing rails. Each fixing rail has at least one hole allowing the grips to be introduced vertically in relation to the support, in a direction Y, with the grips advancing in direction Z. The holes are configured in such a way that the advancing grips can pass through them during assembly without leaving the support.

Abstract: A platelet-shaped cholesteric multilayer pigment which comprises the layer sequence A/B/ and if desired C, where A and C independently of one another are at least one partly light-permeable absorption layer, and B is at least one cholesteric layer.

Abstract: An interactive graphical application program combines a graphical command language and a control program to enable a user to graphically select and generate an automation sequence to control an automation application. A computer system stores a first program containing flow sequences and a set of controls representing possible hardware for use in the automation application. Structure is graphically displayed depicting each sequence step and transition to the next step in accordance with user selections. The first program is automatically linked with the controls to enable an application software program to be generated in response to user commands. Any step and transition may be defined as a scripting language step or transition or a mathematical express variable. Each transition may also be defined as an object from an external source outside of the application program.