Abstract: A method for producing coated hot-rolled or cold-rolled products, particularly steel strip, and an apparatus for carrying out the method, wherein thin strip is cast especially by a travelling mold and the cast strip is guided on-line as a master strip into an inversion casting plant for strip coating, the surface of the coated strip is smoothed with rolls, and if necessary, the thickness of the coated and smoothed strip is reduced in a rolling process.

Abstract: An x-ray apparatus has a mounting member, an x-ray source carrier arranged at the mounting member with an x-ray source arranged therein and an x-ray detector carrier with an x-ray detector arranged therein, wherein the x-ray source must be exactly adjusted relative to the x-ray detector within an overall tolerance for a proper operation of the x-ray arrangement. A source tolerance, a detector tolerance, a source carrier tolerance and a detector carrier tolerance are provided, with the sum of these tolerances of the assemblies being no larger than the overall tolerance.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the early recognition of ruptures when continuously casting steel using an oscillating mold constructed of copper plates, wherein the method includes continuously and comparatively measuring operating parameters, for example, the temperature distribution with respect to location and time in the copper plates, and analyzing the obtained measurement results. For increasing the probability of an accurate evaluation of indications of an acute tendency of ruptures, two measuring data to be compared are coupled with each other as well as with measuring data of at least one third measuring row, and the measuring data are preferably analyzed online.

Abstract: The plate mold has water-cooled narrow side walls that can be clamped between broad side walls. The broad side walls have at least three adjacent and mutually independent cooling segments. The cooling segments are divided symmetrically relative to the central axis of the mold and have, in the region of the mold mouth, separate connections for the independent supply of a liquid coolant. The apparatus includes temperature sensors, an oscillation device, an actuator for adjusting the space between the narrow and broad side walls and a control device connected to the temperature sensors to control the oscillation device and the actuator.

Abstract: A medical system has at least one projection surface onto which a projection unit projects of operating elements. The system is controlled by detecting movements of a hand, preferably a finger, of an operator on the projection surface. An optical detector acquires the position and/or the motion of the finger relative to the projection surface, and a control unit evaluates the output data of the detector in order to control the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus forproducing coated slabs of metal, particularly strips of steel, in which a metal slab is guided through the bottom of a vessel filled with molten metal having the same or different composition as the metal slab, wherein the dwell time of the metal slab is selected in dependence on the melting bath level, the casting speed, the metal slab thickness and the preheating temperature of the metal slab in such a way that the molten metal deposited on the metal slab has a desired thickness of a multiple of the initial thickness of the metal slab, and wherein the metal slab with the layer crystallized onto the metal slab is subjected to a smoothing pass after emerging from the melting bath. The smoothing pass is carried out when the surface temperature of the crystallized slab is smaller than the solidus temperature of the melting bath and, thus, at least the surface of the crystallized layer is solidified.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring and regulating the temperature and quantity of cooling water of a continuous casting mold which flows per unit of time through mold walls composed of copper plates which can be cooled by water, particularly independently of each other, wherein the cooling water temperature of a mold wall is measured at least at two locations in the areas of the outlet openings of a copper plate and the corresponding water box, a temperature profile is prepared from the values measured over the width of the copper plate, and the temperature profiles obtained in time intervals are compared to each other. Temperature sensors are arranged in the water discharge area between a copper plate and the cooling water outlet openings of the water box especially on each long side plate at least at two locations thereof, and the signal lines of the temperature sensors are connected to a computer, preferably with an on-line screen.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing thin steel metal bars in which an elongated metal product is brought into contact with a molten metal causing the latter to crystallize. Different materials are used for the elongated metal product and the molten metal, whereby one of the materials is a stainless steel. A temperature of the elongated metal product, a temperature of the molten metal and a dwelling time of the elongated metal product in the molten metal are set in such a way that the molten metal crystallizes on the elongated metal product so as to form a layer having a thickness of 2% to 20% of a thickness of the elongated metal product.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the production of steel utilizing a single vessel for the electric arc smelting of scrap, directly reduced iron or pig iron in solid form, and for the oxygen blowing of the resulting melt through an oxygen lance introduced via a tower-shaped part of the roof. Another part of the roof can pivot to allow charging of the furnace with solids and the tower can be provided with a funnel enabling a molten iron charge to be fed to the furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing slabs in a continuous casting plant preferably equipped with a vertical mold, preferably for thin slab plants for casting preferably steel having, for example, a solidification thickness of 60 mm-120 mm, for example, 80 mm, and casting speeds of up to 10 m/min. and a maximum casting output of about 3 million tons per year. In a first vertically extending first segment 0 of a strand guide, exclusive strand reduction, also called casting and rolling, is carried out. The segment 1 arranged immediately underneath the first segment 0 carries out bending of the strand through several bending points into the inner circular arc. Prior to final solidification, the strand is bent back through several return bending points into the horizontal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing metallic composite material in which there is applied to at least one side of a parent strand a material having different material characteristics. For this purpose, according to the invention, the parent strand is guided through a melt having the same material composition as the parent strand, wherein melt crystallizes on by inversion casting and, at a predefinable distance from the surface of the molten bath, a composite section is fed to the carrier section after it has exited from the molten bath, this composite section being welded with the surface of the carrier section. The invention is further directed to a device for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Molten metal is poured into a continuous casting mold having a rectangular mold exit opening to produce a rectangular metal strand having a liquid core, a width and a thickness. A convex shape is imparted to the rectangular strand along at least a part of the width thereof downstream of the casting mold by arranging a plurality of oppositely disposed guide rolls immediately downstream of the rectangular mold exit opening so that the cast strand while travelling from the mold exit opening through the plurality of guide rolls expands along at least part of its width no more than 8% of the strand thickness, thereby preventing snaking of the strand.

Abstract: The continuous casting plant includes a continuous casting mold having a round mold shape or also an oval mold shape in the upper mold half and a shaping portion starting at the latest in the middle of the mold, wherein the shaping portion has over the lower mold half up to at the latest the mold exit a polygonal shape or sectional shape with approximately the same circumference as the initial round mold shape.

Abstract: A continuous casting device comprises, in combination, a continuous casting mold for receiving molten metal, and at least one pair of guide rolls disposed immediately downstream of the mold exit opening. The exit opening of the mold is rectangular shaped so as to permit a rectangular strand to be cast which has a liquid core, a width and a thickness. The guide rolls are constructed so as to impart to the rectangular strand leaving the mold exit opening a convex shape so as to prevent snaking of the strand within the continuous casting device. The convexivity concavity extends along at least a part of the width of the strand and is no more than 8% of the strand thickness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing metal slabs in which especially a metal strip of steel is conducted through a bottom entry device of a vessel which is filled with molten metal, particularly steel, and, after the molten metal has crystallized onto the metal slab, the coated metal slab, particularly the coated metal strip, is pulled off above the vessel, wherein the crystallization carrier is conducted though the bottom entry device of the vessel which provides a clear opening width between the core strip and the entry device. Controlled cooling is carried out in the bottom area of the vessel containing the molten metal. The temperature of the molten metal at the nozzle exit of the bottom entry device is adjusted to be greater than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal. A meniscus in the pure melt phase is formed at the nozzle exit at the bottom entry device. A distance exists between the meniscus of the molten metal at the nozzle exit and the begin of the solidification.

Abstract: An inversion casting vessel includes a melt-filled container with a hole in the floor through which a metal strip is drawn. As the strip is drawn through the container, crystallization of the melt on the metal strip occurs, thereby forming a metal strand. The hole in the floor is a slit shaped channel through which the strip is run in a low-contact manner. The container also includes a cooling device for cooling the melt in the area of the slit shaped channel. The cooling device maintains the temperature of the melt around the channel to create a two-phase field of the melt, one of the phases being crystal, making up 50%-90% of the two phase field. The metal strip first contacts the melt at the two-phase field of the melt as the strip is run through the melt container.

Abstract: A machine for producing hot-rolled steel strip from input stock of continuously cast strip in sequential work steps. The input stock is thereby in a continuous casting machine with a cast-rolling device at a casting speed of 4 to 8 m/min and a solidification thickness of 90 to 125 mm. An oscillating continuous casting mold is used, which has concavity between the casting level and the mold exit. A strand guide device has concavity and/or centering and guiding elements to guide and center the slab in the area of its narrow sides in the strand guide stand. A cooling and insulating line is located between the continuous casting machine and the equalizing furnace for the strip-type input stock. Furthermore, a cross-transfer furnace 45 m in length and approximately 5 to 20 m wide is arranged after the continuous casting machine and in front of the roughing train.

Abstract: An oscillating mold for continuously casting slabs, preferably of steel, has long side walls and short side walls freely movable relative to the long side walls, and an immersion outlet. The long side walls define a center-symmetrical casting funnel having a funnel shape which is configured such that the distance between the long side walls in the casting funnel is reduced toward the outlet end of the mold and that in the meniscus area and at least along the length of the immersion outlet the funnel shape corresponds to or follows the outer cross-sectional size of the immersion outlet. The long side walls have adjacent the casting funnel a shape which is linear and planar over the mold length and center-symmetrical and concave transversely of the mold length.

Abstract: Blade replacement devices for shaving systems which have at least one blade removably connected to a blade support. The blade replacement devices of the present invention advantageously comprise means for receiving a used blade as it is removed from a razor.

Abstract: The individual detector elements of an X-ray detector in a computed tomography apparatus are mounted on a formed part composed of insulator material, on whose surface interconnects are applied that electrically connect the outputs of the individual detector elements to electronics components. The formed part is angled when viewed from the side.