Abstract: The utilization of a feeder immersion type pipe for continuous casting is avoided through an antechamber-like feeder vessel on top of the mold for continuous casting, having a short extension that reaches into the mold cavity and defines a step towards the wall proper from which steel flows in widening cross section to directly form the casting strand. Casting extraction is enhanced by feeding appropriate material, either fluid or a foil, into the space of the mold cavity immediately underneath this step.

Abstract: A tubular mold is included in a coolant container there being a tubular guide sheet arranged around the mold at a certain distance therefrom, the coolant flows through the gap between the mold and the guide sheet; as specific improvement the upper portion of the mold has grooves cut into the outside to be flown though by water offering therefore a relatively enlarged cooling surface as compared with the remainder of the configuration of the mold underneath, the guide sheet has a radially inward extension such that water is forced into and through the grooves; these grooves are provided in the area in which the liquid bath level is expected to occur in the mold.

Abstract: A measurement system unit for a tomography computer in which individual detectors are connected with corresponding channel electronic systems directly, that is, without the need for a cable. For this purpose, a carrier plate is provided, on one side of which the individual detectors are mounted, and on the other side of which are mounted a series of electronic boards. Each of the electronic boards carries the channel electronic system of the detector that is located opposite to it. On the carrier plate there can be fastened a printed circuit board which partially covers it. The electronic boards are connected mechanically and electrically with the carrier plate and mechanically and electrically with the printed circuit board.

Abstract: Casting powder is to be fluidized for feeding to a mold for continuous casting. The gas flow providing the fluidization is controlled in response to bath surface temperature, monitored by means of a curved copper sheet, serving as radiation detector. A thermofeeler is attached to the sheet and controls a pneumatic control circuit for the fluidization gas.

Abstract: The particular pipe is provided with a system of blind bores being gas conductively interconnected and an inert gas is fed to this duct and channel system to traverse the gas permeable material of which the pipe is made to emerge particularly from surfaces in contact with molten steel to thereby prevent the precipitation of deposits, particularly on the inside of the pipe, but also on the outside surface thereof where being submerged in the bath of molten steel.

Abstract: A hot casting, freshly emerging from the mold, is inspected for any surface defects by a revolving line scan camera; the camera is disposed in an annular water-cooled, two-part housing having an inwardly directed annular gap covered by a sheet that revolves with the camera; the camera can look through a small gap of that sheet.

Abstract: A conveyor used to move and if necessary cool objects from a multiple sections in-line production machine, such as a thermoforming machine. The design is sectional, each section comprising a cooling station with high-low control of the cooling media and a push-out device used to transfer the objects from the cooling plate onto the moving conveyor belt. The pusher consists of an arm swinging around a stud, the latter also moving on a circular path, the correct sequence being obtained from a control box timed by the corresponding production machine section. The sections are secured together in the number corresponding to the number of sections of the production machine thus providing a suitable conveyor for a machine with any number of sections.

Abstract: A casting is inspected by equipment similar to the equipment in a companion application. That equipment includes a revolving camera. The camera is electrically powered by a generator which revolves with the camera and is, by itself, driven pursuant to that rotation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for spraying a coolant on steel slabs, comprising spraying nozzles preceded by a mixing chamber with separate feed lines for the propellant and the coolant, the nozzle discharges being designed in such a manner that the mixture of propellant and coolant impinges in the form of wide fans, at an acute angle and in opposite directions on the slab surface, in that the nozzle discharges start from a common nozzle housing into which issues the mixing chamber, the coolant connector to the mixing chamber consisting of an exchangeable inset tube projecting into the mixing chamber, in particular as regards slab-format castings obtained from a continuous casting mold, where the particular nozzles located in the gap between two adjoining guide rollers for the cast slab are directed parallel to the axes of the guide rollers and the nozzle housing is mounted between the plane of the guide roller axes and the slab surface.

Abstract: An interferometer system for measuring the wavelength of laser light or and other optical radiation comprises an interferometer with a radiation input for a reference beam of a given wavelength, a sample radiation input for a sample beam of unknown wavelength, and a beam splitter for splitting up an incoming beam into two part-beams, and a system for changing the optical lengths of two part-beam optical paths as used by the reference beam and, parallel to it, the beam whose wavelength is to be measured. There is furthermore a detector for converting output beams from the interferometer into representative electrical signals and a signal processing circuit coupled to the detector means.Furthermore in the part-beam paths there is an optical part in the form of a parallelepipedic transparent body able to be rotated for the changing of the lengths of the paths of the beams in relation to each other, and a reflector system for reflecting back the part-beams, coming from the turning part, back into themselves.

Abstract: A device for spraying a mixture of coolant and propellant onto steel plate emerging from a continuous casting mold through guide rolls comprising a mixing chamber and means separately feeding coolant and propellant thereto, a nozzle housing having at least two nozzle outlets offset in side by side and oppositely directed relationship and adapted to discharge the coolant/propellant mixture in wide dispersion and at an acute angle onto the steel plate and feed means connecting the mixing chamber with the nozzle housing and including a replaceable insert pipe extending into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Ingots or castings are supported by fairly closely spaced rollers. The resulting spaces adjacent to exposed surface portions of the ingot or casting are filled with atomized water to generate a fog or mist being retained so that as much water droplets as possible vaporize by heat radiation from the ingot or casting, supplemented by radiation from the adjacent roller surfaces.

Abstract: The solid treatment material is contained in rotationally symmetrical, flotation body having a ballast weight and openings for discharging jets of vaporized treatment material into the steel while the body floats, and the jets have a tangential component so that the body rotates and wobbles and the jets vary their direction to distribute the treatment material.

Abstract: A casting powder for steel having, for example, ground blast furnace slag, and/or sand and caustic lime CaF.sub.2 as basic substances with further additives which include up to 10% of additives decomposing completely at temperatures below 600.degree. C under development of gas whereby the mole-volume of developed gas per mole-weight gas-generating additive (m.sup.3 /Kg) is not smaller than 0.5. Ammonium nitrite or ammonium carbonate is preferred whereby the gaseous decomposition products will be nitrogen, water vapor and/or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The steel in a tundish is treated under pressure to add Ca, Mg or a rare earth for reducing dendritic and enhancing globulitic crystallation.

Abstract: Films, sheets or foils are given a gas-barrier coating of an aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamide-imide, polyhydrazide, polyamide-hydrazide, or polyazomethine by direct vapor-phase condensation polymerization of their respective monomers. The monomers are introduced in an inert diluent gas, mixed and reacted in the presence of the surface to be coated. The surface is maintained above the critical minimum deposition temperature of the monomers but below about 300.degree. C. The coating is formed to a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.6 mil.

Abstract: Molten steel pouring from a ladle into a tundish is surrounded by a vessel which is pressurized to maintain an excess pressure of an inert gas and/or a gas or vapor of a material that treats the steel, e.g., for deoxidizing, desulfurizing and/or other cleansing action. The excess pressure per se inhibits any reoxidation. Reactant material is fed to the chamber at a rate to maintain the excess pressure and/or to ensure sufficient presence of reacting material commensurate with the amount of steel passing through.

Abstract: Headgear incorporating an optical display system comprising, an optical data source mounted within the headgear above the level of the wearer's eyes, an image combiner having a spherical reflecting surface directed inwardly of the helmet and intercepting the wearer's forward line-of-sight, and a prism positioned and dimensioned so that a collimated, aberration free virtual image of the data source is presented to the wearer as a result of reflection of rays transmitted from the data source by way of the prism to the spherical reflector. Such aberration as is introduced by the prism compensates for aberration introduced by the spherical reflector.

Abstract: Coherent monochromatic radiation (laser light) in the wave length range of 450 to 560 nm is obtained by exciting with a pump light source a dyestuff solution containing a dyestuff of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, an alkylene radical linked to the 6-position of the coumarin ring system or, together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, and optionally with inclusion of further heteroatoms as ring members, represents the remaining members of a heterocyclic ring system, R.sub.2 represents alkyl, aralkyl or an alkylene radical linked to the 8-position of the coumarin ring system and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted phenyl radical, the rings A and B can carry further substituents and a carbocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered ring can be fused to the ring B, in a solvent which does not interfere with the emission, at a concentration, which emits laser beams, of, preferably, 10.sup.-.sup.2 to 10.sup.-.sup.4 mol/liter.

Abstract: To permit high density of light output, for example in the order of 400kW.sup.3 required to stimulate lasers, the arc is stabilized by generating the arc inside a transparent tube, the inner surface of which is covered with a film of liquid, such as water, or an aqueous metal salt solution, the liquid being supplied through one electrode secured in a rotatable holder to which the tube is attached, to a rotatable receiver holder in which the other electrode is located, the liquid then draining away. Rapid rotation of the tube adheres the liquid by centrifugal force to the inner surfaces of the tube.