Abstract: A warpage-reducing semiconductor structure includes a wafer. The wafer includes a front side and a back side. Numerous semiconductor elements are disposed at the front side. A silicon oxide layer is disposed at the back side. A UV-transparent silicon nitride layer covers and contacts the silicon oxide layer. The refractive index of the UV-transparent silicon nitride layer is between 1.55 and 2.10.

Abstract: A chip bonding alignment structure includes a semiconductor chip, a metal layer, an etching stop layer, at least one metal bump, a dielectric barrier layer, a silicon oxide layer, and a silicon carbonitride layer. The metal layer is disposed on a bonding surface of the semiconductor chip and has a metal alignment pattern. The etching stop layer covers the bonding surface and the metal layer. The metal bump extends upward from the metal layer and penetrates through the etching stop layer. The dielectric barrier layer covers the etching stop layer and the metal bump. The silicon oxide layer covers the dielectric barrier layer. The silicon carbonitride layer covers the silicon oxide layer.

Abstract: An MRAM structure includes a dielectric layer. A first MRAM, a second MRAM and a third MRAM are disposed on the dielectric layer, wherein the second MRAM is disposed between the first MRAM and the third MRAM, and the second MRAM includes an MTJ. Two gaps are respectively disposed between the first MRAM and the second MRAM and between the second MRAM and the third MRAM. Two tensile stress pieces are respectively disposed in each of the two gaps. A first compressive stress layer surrounds and contacts the sidewall of the MTJ entirely. A second compressive stress layer covers the openings of each of the gaps and contacts the two tensile material pieces.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first forming an aluminum (Al) pad on a substrate, forming a passivation layer on the substrate and an opening exposing the Al pad, forming a cobalt (Co) layer in the opening and on the Al pad, bonding a wire onto the Co layer, and then performing a thermal treatment process to form a Co—Pd alloy on the Al pad.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of: providing a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a MRAM region and a logic region; forming a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on the MRAM region; forming a top electrode on the MTJ; and then performing a flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) process to form a first inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer around the top electrode and the MTJ.

Abstract: A chip bonding alignment structure includes a semiconductor chip, a metal layer, an etching stop layer, at least one metal bump, a dielectric barrier layer, a silicon oxide layer, and a silicon carbonitride layer. The metal layer is disposed on a bonding surface of the semiconductor chip and has a metal alignment pattern. The etching stop layer covers the bonding surface and the metal layer. The metal bump extends upward from the metal layer and penetrates through the etching stop layer. The dielectric barrier layer covers the etching stop layer and the metal bump. The silicon oxide layer covers the dielectric barrier layer. The silicon carbonitride layer covers the silicon oxide layer.

Abstract: A memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The memory device includes a device substrate, a resistance variable layer and a top electrode. The bottom electrode is disposed on the device substrate. The resistance variable layer is disposed on the bottom electrode. The top electrode is disposed on the resistance variable layer. The bottom electrode is formed with a tensile stress, while the top electrode is formed with a compressive stress.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first forming a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, forming a top electrode on the MTJ, forming an inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer around the top electrode and the MTJ, forming a landing layer on the IMD layer and the MTJ, and then patterning the landing layer to form a landing pad. Preferably, the landing pad is disposed on the top electrode and the IMD layer adjacent to one side of the top electrode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes first forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a second MTJ on a substrate, performing an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process or a high-density plasma (HDP) process to form a passivation layer on the first MTJ and the second MTJ, performing an etching process to remove the passivation layer adjacent to the first MTJ and the second MTJ, and then forming an ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the passivation layer.

Abstract: An MRAM structure includes a dielectric layer. A first MRAM, a second MRAM and a third MRAM are disposed on the dielectric layer, wherein the second MRAM is disposed between the first MRAM and the third MRAM, and the second MRAM includes an MTJ. Two gaps are respectively disposed between the first MRAM and the second MRAM and between the second MRAM and the third MRAM. Two tensile stress pieces are respectively disposed in each of the two gaps. A first compressive stress layer surrounds and contacts the sidewall of the MTJ entirely. A second compressive stress layer covers the openings of each of the gaps and contacts the two tensile material pieces.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal including a wireless transceiver and a controller is provided. The wireless transceiver performs wireless transmission and reception to and from an AP. The controller is coupled to the wireless transceiver, and is operable to configure the wireless communication terminal to operate as a non-AP STA, and transmit a MU PPDU with a single RU spanning a partial bandwidth of the MU PPDU to the AP via the wireless transceiver. In particular, the partial bandwidth excludes a frequency band of a primary channel.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a second MTJ on a substrate; forming a first top electrode on the first MTJ and a second top electrode on the second MTJ; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ and the second MTJ; forming a passivation layer on the first ULK dielectric layer, wherein a bottom surface of the passivation layer between the first MTJ and the second MTJ is lower than a top surface of the first MTJ; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the passivation layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a second MTJ on a substrate, a passivation layer on the first MTJ and the second MTJ, and an ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the passivation layer. Preferably, a top surface of the passivation layer between the first MTJ and the second MTJ is lower than a top surface of the passivation layer directly on top of the first MTJ.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a second MTJ on a substrate; forming a first top electrode on the first MTJ and a second top electrode on the second MTJ; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ and the second MTJ; forming a passivation layer on the first ULK dielectric layer, wherein a bottom surface of the passivation layer between the first MTJ and the second MTJ is lower than a top surface of the first MTJ; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the passivation layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ; performing a first etching process to remove part of the first ULK dielectric layer and forming a damaged layer on the first ULK dielectric layer; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the damaged layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ; performing a first etching process to remove part of the first ULK dielectric layer and forming a damaged layer on the first ULK dielectric layer; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the damaged layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and a second MTJ on a substrate; forming a first top electrode on the first MTJ and a second top electrode on the second MTJ; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ and the second MTJ; forming a passivation layer on the first ULK dielectric layer, wherein a bottom surface of the passivation layer between the first MTJ and the second MTJ is lower than a top surface of the first MTJ; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the passivation layer.

Abstract: A wireless device performs spatial reuse in a wireless local area network. When receiving a packet, the wireless device measures a received signal quality from a first portion of the packet, and determines a required signal quality for correctly decoding a payload of the packet based on information in a packet header. The wireless device compares the received signal quality with the required signal quality. If the received signal quality is lower than the required signal quality, the wireless device transmits a signal that overlaps in time and in frequency with a second portion of the packet. Alternatively, a wireless device may identify a Basic Service Set Identification (BSSID) of a received packet. If the BSSID indicates that the packet is an inter-BSS packet, the wireless device transmits a signal overlapping in time and in frequency with the packet before reception of a frame check sequence (FCS) in the packet.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate; forming a first ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layer on the first MTJ; performing a first etching process to remove part of the first ULK dielectric layer and forming a damaged layer on the first ULK dielectric layer; and forming a second ULK dielectric layer on the damaged layer.

Abstract: A method of making a curved electrochromic film includes: disposing a UV curable adhesive layer between a first electrochromic member and a second electrochromic member to form an electrochromic film semi-product in flat form; arching the electrochromic film semi-product between the first and second bending members of a forming apparatus and by moving the first and second bending members toward each other; and curing the UV curable adhesive layer using a UV light source while the electrochromic film semi-product is arched. Forming apparatuses for forming a flat electrochromic film semi-product into a curved electrochromic film are also disclosed.